In this paper, we use the concept of evolutionary spectrum to solve key problems in array processing. We present Cross-power Evolutionary Periodogram for direction finding and blind separation of nonstationary signals...
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In this paper, we use the concept of evolutionary spectrum to solve key problems in array processing. We present Cross-power Evolutionary Periodogram for direction finding and blind separation of nonstationary signals. We model nonstationary signals received by each sensor in the array as a sum of complex sinusoids with time-varying amplitudes. These amplitudes carry information about the direction of arrival which may also be time-varying. We first estimate the time-varying amplitudes, then use the results for the estimation of evolutionary cross-power distributions of the sensor data. Next, using cross-power estimates at time-frequency samples of interest, we estimate the directions of arrival using one of the existing high resolution direction finding methods. If the directions are time-varying, we select time-frequency points around the time of interest. By carrying out the estimation at different times, we obtain the directions as a function of time. If the sources are stationary, then we can use all time-frequency points of interest for the estimation of fixed directions. We also use whitening and subspace methods to find the mixing matrix and separate the signals received by the array. Simulation examples illustrating the performances of the proposed algorithms are presented.
Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformative technology, revolutionizing numerous industries by enabling advanced automation, predictive analytics, and decision-making capabilities. For that Artificial Inte...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331532833
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331532840
Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformative technology, revolutionizing numerous industries by enabling advanced automation, predictive analytics, and decision-making capabilities. For that Artificial Intelligence overruns many domains like telecommunication, smart manufacturing industry, autonomous machines, Automated Disease Diagnosis in Medical Imaging, defense, and others. On the other hand, the hardware implementation of Artificial Intelligence comes with certain challenges and constraints, especially in a critical area, which leverages machine learning algorithms and real-time data analysis to optimize production processes and improve overall efficiency. Statistical operations play a crucial role in various machine learning algorithms to understand, process data, or make predictions to optimize models. So, in this work, we developed a high-speed and low-area design and implemented statistical operations for image or signalprocessing using an FPGA Device. To enhance the performance, we develop different hardware architectures based on different levels of parallelism to process the statistical operations to compute the Mean, Variance, and RMS (Root Mean Square). These generic architectures work in parallel/pipeline architectures with and without memory. The proposed architectures implement an FPGA target (Intel/Altera Agilex 7: AGMH039R47A2E1V) using Altera Quartus prime pro edition version 23.4 and achieve an ultra-high throughput with low-area consumption compared to the state-of-art methods. For 480×640 image size, the mean calculation architecture involves 1498 logic registers, 1912 slice LUT, and just 29kbits memory and it operates at a maximum frequency of 406.5MHz. Additionally, for an 8×8 image size, we need 33 clock cycles to achieve the mean calculation and 33+1 clock cycles to complete the variance calculation, compared to other approaches that require more than 64 clock cycles.
SPA (simple power analysis) attacks against RSA cryptosystems are enhanced by using chosen-message scenarios. One of the most powerful chosen-message SPA attacks was proposed by Yen et. al. in 2005, which can be appli...
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SPA (simple power analysis) attacks against RSA cryptosystems are enhanced by using chosen-message scenarios. One of the most powerful chosen-message SPA attacks was proposed by Yen et. al. in 2005, which can be applied to various algorithms and architectures, and can defeat the most popular SPA countermeasure using dummy multiplication. Special input values of -1 and a pair of -X and X can be used to identify squaring operations performed depending on key bit stream. However, no experimental result on actual implementation was reported. In this paper, we implemented some RSA processors on an FPGA platform and demonstrated that Yen's attack with a signal filtering technique clearly reveal the secret key information in the actual power waveforms.
In this paper, we present an arithmetic sum-of-products (SOP) based realization of the general Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) algorithm. We also propose an enhanced SOP based algorithm, which uses Partial Max-...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424481927
In this paper, we present an arithmetic sum-of-products (SOP) based realization of the general Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) algorithm. We also propose an enhanced SOP based algorithm, which uses Partial Max-SAT (PMSAT) to further optimize the SOP. The enhanced algorithm attempts to reduce the number of rows (partial products) of the SOP, by i) shifting coefficients to realize other coefficients when possible, ii) exploring multiple implementations of each coefficient using a Minimal Signed Digit (MSD) format and iii) exploiting the mutual exclusiveness within certain groups of partial products. Hardware implementations of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm require the incoming data to be multiplied by one of several constant coefficients. We test/validate it for FFT, which is an important problem. We compare our SOP-based architectures with the best existing implementation of MCM for FFT (which utilizes a cascade of adders), and show that our approaches show a significant improvement in area and delay. Our architecture was synthesized using 65nm technology libraries.
Since the invention of optical fiber in the 1970's, optical communication has been changing the landscape of telecommunication and data communication worldwide with its ultra-broad bandwidth and long haul transmis...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538622278;9781509049400
Since the invention of optical fiber in the 1970's, optical communication has been changing the landscape of telecommunication and data communication worldwide with its ultra-broad bandwidth and long haul transmission capabilities. It connects people around the world through submarine inter-continent optical cables, is the backbone of metro area networks, and is essential for data center network connectivity. Today, cost effective 100Gb/s optical links on a single fiber, using either iii-V based optical devices or silicon photonics, are readily available for few meters to few kilometers connectivity solutions inside the data center and between data centers, while next generation links are poised to reach 400Gb/s. In this forum, the current state-of-the-art of optical communications will be reviewed, including advances in long-haul transport, progress in silicon photonics covering transceivers, packaging, assembly and test, progress in high order modulation schemes and signalprocessing, description of 56Gb/s and beyond electrical serial interfaces, and closing with a presentation on optical backplane technology.
System developers have found that exploiting parallel architectures for control systems is challenging and often the resulting implementations do not provide the expected performance advantages over traditional unipro...
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Previously, most mammalian auditory systems research has concentrated on human sensory perception whose frequencies are lower than 20 kHz. The implementations almost always used analog VLSI design. Due to the complexi...
Previously, most mammalian auditory systems research has concentrated on human sensory perception whose frequencies are lower than 20 kHz. The implementations almost always used analog VLSI design. Due to the complexity of the model, it is difficult to implement these algorithms using current digital technology. This paper introduces a simplified model of biosonic reception system in bats and its implementation in the ‘‘Chiroptera Inspired Robotic CEphaloid’’ (CIRCE) project. This model consists of bandpass filters, a half‐wave rectifier, low‐pass filters, automatic gain control, and spike generation with thresholds. Due to the real‐time requirements of the system, the system employs Butterworth filters and advanced field programmable gate array (FPGA) architectures to provide a viable solution. The ultrasonic signalprocessing is implemented on a Xilinx FPGA Virtex II device in real time. In the system, 12‐bit input echo signals from receivers are sampled at 1 M samples per second for a signal frequency range from 20 to 200 kHz. The system performs a 704‐channel per ear auditory pipeline operating in real time. The output of the system is a coded time series of threshold crossing points. Comparing hardware implementation with fixed‐point software, the system shows significant performance gains with no loss of accuracy.
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