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Application of higher-order cepstral techniques in problems of fetal heart signal extraction 6

Application of higher-order cepstral techniques in problems ...

引用

Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VI

作者： SabryRizk, M Zgallai, W Hardiman, P ORiordan, J CITY UNIV LONDON DEPT ELECT ENGNSIGNAL PROC GRPLONDON EC1V 0HBENGLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819422347

Recently, cepstral analysis based on second order statistics and homomorphic filtering techniques have been used in the adaptive decomposition of overlapping, or otherwise, and noise contaminated ECG complexes of mothers and fetals obtained by a transabdominal surface electrodes connected to a monitoring instrument, an interface card, and a PC. Differential time delays of fetal heart beats measured from a reference point located on the mother complex after transformation to cepstra domains are first obtained and this is followed by fetal heart rate variability computations. Homomorphic filtering in the complex cepstral domain and the subuent transformation to the time domain results in fetal complex recovery. However, three problems have been identified with second-order based cepstral techniques that needed rectification in this paper. These are (1) errors resulting from the phase unwrapping algorithms and leading to fetal complex perturbation, (2) the unavoidable conversion of noise statistics from Gaussianess to non-Gaussianess due to the highly non-linear nature of homomorphic transform does warrant stringent noise cancellation routines, (3) due to the aforementioned problems in (1) and (2), it is difficult to adaptively optimize windows to include all individual fetal complexes in the time domain based on amplitude thresholding routines in the complex cepstral domain (i.e. the task of `zooming' in on weak fetal complexes requires more processing time). The use of third-order based high resolution differential cepstrum technique results in recovery of the delay of the order of 120 milliseconds.

关键词： advanced signal processing techniques non-linear adaptive filtering differential bicepstral applications non-invasive fetal ECG monitoring

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Bayesian image deblurring and boundary effects

Bayesian image deblurring and boundary effects

引用

advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations XV

作者： Calvetti, Daniela Somersalo, Erkki Department of Mathematics Center for Modeling Integrated Metabolic Systems Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH United States Department of Mathematics Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki Finland

We consider the deconvolution problem of estimating an image from a noisy blurred version of it. In particular, we are interested in the boundary effects: since the convolution operator is non-local, the blurred image depend on the scenery outside the field of view. Ignoring this dependency leads to image distortion known as boundary effect. In this article, we consider two different approaches to treat the non-locality. One is to estimate the image extended outside the field of view. The other is to treat the influence of the out of view scenery as boundary clutter. Both approaches are considered from the Bayesian point of view.

关键词： Image processing

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Color characterization for image indexing and machine vision

Color characterization for image indexing and machine vision

引用

Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations X

作者： Lin, SM Nair, D Natl Instruments Austin TX 78759 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437611

Color representation and comparison based on the histogram has proved to be very efficient for image indexing in content-based image retrieval and machine vision applications. However, the issues of color constancy and accurate color similarity measures remain unsolved. This paper presents a new algorithm for intensity-insensitive color characterization for image retrieval and machine vision applications. The color characterization algorithm divides the HSI (hue, saturation and intensity) color space into a given number of bins in such a way that the color characterization represents all the colors in the hue/saturation plane as well as black, white and gray colors. The color distribution in these bins of the HSI space is represented in the form of a one-dimensional vector called Color Spectrum Vector (CSV). The color information that is stored in the CSV is insensitive to changes in the luminance. A weighted version of CSV called WCSV is introduced to take the similarity of the neighboring bins into account A Fuzzy Color Spectrum Vector (FCSV) color representation vector that takes into account the human uncertainty in color classification process is also introduced here. The accuracy and speed of the algorithm is demonstrated in this paper through a series of experiments on image indexing and machine vision applications.

关键词： color comparison pattern matching clustering algorithm fuzzy set theory image indexing machine vision image processing

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New signal adaptive approach for the reduction of interference terms in quadratic time-frequency distributions

New signal adaptive approach for the reduction of interferen...

引用

SPIE Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VIII

作者： Nickel, RM Williams, WJ Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

One of the key problems in high resolution (quadratic), time-varying spectral analysis is the suppression of interference terms which can obscure the true location of auto components in the resulting time-frequency distribution (TFD). Commonly used reduced interference distributions (RIDs) tackle the problem with a properly chosen two-dimensional low pass filter (kernel). A recently published(8) novel approach uses alternative means to achieve the desired goal. The idea of the new method is to obtain an estimate of the cross terms from a given prior distribution based on the magnitude and location of its negative components. The estimate is constructed via an iterative projection method that guarantees that the resulting distribution is positive and satisfies the marginals. Even though the marginals are usually a desirable property of TFDs in general, they can impose an undesirably strong constraint on positive TFDs in particular (Examples are given in this paper). For these cases it is thus beneficial to relax the marginals-constraint. In this paper we present a new method that does not require the incorporation of this constraint and thus leads to positive TFDs with reduced interference terms but without the restrictions due to the marginals.

关键词： positive time-frequency distributions cross-terms successive projections penalty functions

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Element accessed array radar processing

Element accessed array radar processing

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SPIE Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VIII

作者： Wills, GD Rees, HD Skidmore, ID Def Evaluat & Res Agcy Malvern WR14 3PS Worcs England

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

Digitising the signals from a phased array at the element level is becoming more practicable through advances in technology. Adaptive beamforming schemes such as a sample matrix inversion involve inverting a covariance matrix of dimension equal to the number of spatial channels. Since with an element digitised system there can be several thousand elements it becomes impractical to invert such large matrices. This paper presents a weight computation scheme for a fully digitised system. The clutter returns are firstly range gated and then the adaptive process is broken down into a smaller cascade of stages, or domains. Attenuation of the clutter is then achieved using a spatial Wiener filter in each domain. From a simulation of an airborne radar at a high pulse repetition frequency, examples are given of adapted beampatterns and clutter output doppler spectra within each domain. By choosing alias free domains, a clutter-free output is obtained for the sidelobe clutter scenario investigated. A comparison is then given with the performance of a 32 sub-array system. The sub-array system does not have the necessary control of the small scale order of the array weights to spatially null the clutter.

关键词： element level digitisation radar clutter subarrays

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APPLICATIONS OF TIME-FREQUENCY AND TIME-SCALE TRANSFORMS TO ULTRA-WIDE-BAND RADAR TRANSIENT signal-DETECTION 4

APPLICATIONS OF TIME-FREQUENCY AND TIME-SCALE TRANSFORMS TO ...

引用

4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： FARGUES, MP BROOKS, WA Naval Postgraduate School (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

In this paper we use a non-stationary approach and analyze ultra-wideband (UWB) radar data using time-frequency and time-scale transformations. The time-frequency transformations considered are the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WD), the Instantaneous Power Spectrum (IPS), and the ZAM transform. Two discrete implementations of the Wavelet Transform (DWT) are also investigated: the decimated A- trous algorithm proposed by Holschneider et al, which uses non-orthogonal wavelets; and the Mallat algorithm, which employs orthogonal wavelets. The transients under study are UWB radar returns from a boat (with and without corner reflector) in the presence of sea clutter, multipath, and radio frequency interferences (RFI). Results show that all time-frequency and time-scale transforms clearly detect the transient radar returns corresponding to the boat with a corner reflector. However, as the radar cross section of the target decreases (boat without a corner reflector), results change drastically as the RFI component dominates the signal. Simulations show that the Instantaneous Power Spectrum may be better adapted for localizing the transient among the time-frequency techniques studied. The decimated A-trous algorithm has the best time resolution of the techniques studied as the return appears better localized in the scalogram.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Transform theory Radar Wavelets Reflectors Electromagnetic coupling UWB radar Discrete wavelet transforms Digital filtering signal detection

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Regularization of ill-posed problems using (symmetric) Cauchy-like preconditioners

Regularization of ill-posed problems using (symmetric) Cauch...

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SPIE Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VIII

作者： Kilmer, ME Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

In certain applications, the discretization of two-dimensional integral equations can lead to systems involving matrices with block Toeplitz-Toeplitz block structure. Iterative Krylov subspace methods are sometimes employed to find regularized solutions to the related 2D discrete ill-posed problems;however, preconditioners which filter noise are needed to speed convergence to regularized solutions. We describe a preconditioning technique based on the Toeplitz-type structure of the matrix which generalizes the approaches in [1] and [2] to take advantage of symmetry and real arithmetic operations. We use fast sine transforms to transform the original system to a system whose matrix has partially reconstructible Cauchy-like blocks. The preconditioner is a block diagonal, rank m approximation to this matrix, with Cauchy-like blocks each augmented by an identity of appropriate dimension. We note that the initialization cost is in general less than that for the similar 2D preconditioner in [2] which does not take advantage of symmetry. Several examples are given which illustrate the success of our preconditioned methods.

关键词： regularization Toeplitz Cauchy-like minimal residual image processing deblurring

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Array processing based on the polarization diversity : the example of a ionospheric radio link

Array processing based on the polarization diversity : the e...

引用

Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations XIV

作者： Ehrel, YM Perrine, C Lemur, D Bourdillon, A Ctr Rech Ecoles Coetquidan F-56381 Guer France Univ Rennes 1 Inst Elect & Telecommun F-35042 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)0819454974

The aim of this paper is to present a high data rate transmission system through the ionospheric channel in the HF band (3-30 MHz). The applications expected in this study are image transmission and real-time videoconferencing. Very high rates are required compared to the standard modems (4.8 kbits/s). Therefore. an array processing performs in the multi channel receiving system. Its main originality stands in the development of a compact device of collocated antennas. the spatial responses of which are different one from each other. Besides. synchronization (Zero Crossing Detector) and spatio temporal equalization (L.M.S. algorithm) as well resort to classical and well-tested techniques involving training sequences. An experimental radio link has been under test with a range of 800 km. The corresponding results underlines the improvement of the bit transfer rate which reaches 20 kbits/s (QAM 16 in a 6 kHz bandwidth) or 30 kbits/s (QAM 16 in a 9 kHz bandwidth). Several transmitted images are presented and appear quite consistent with the original..

关键词： ionosphere collocated antennas spatio temporal equalization image compression

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Generalized causal moving average (GCMA) smoothing filter for real-time applications

Generalized causal moving average (GCMA) smoothing filter fo...

引用

Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms architectures and implementations XIII

作者： Rajagopalan, R Pratt & Whitney Control & Diagnost Syst Propul Syst Anal E Hartford CT 06108 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450782

Moving average filters are commonly used in industries for real-time processing of noisy data. Though they perform well in filtering out the noise, they introduce significant lag in the signal. The resulting peak value of the filtered signal at the operating point is likely to be lower due to averaging of higher and lower peak signals in the averaging interval. The generalized moving average smoothing filter by Golay-Savitzky preserves the higher moments and does not suffer from the limitations imposed by the conventional moving average filter. The smoothing strategy is derived from least squares fitting of a lower order polynomial to a number of consecutive points. Due to polynomial curve fitting as opposed to a line fitting in the case of conventional moving average filter, this filter preserves the higher frequency components of the signal and their line width. This paper presents a generalized causal moving average filter deduced using the concepts in Golay-Savitzky smoothing filter for real-time applications. Golay-Savitzky filter is non-causal, relies on the future data that is not available, hence not suitable for real-time applications. Further, the designed causal filter makes use of the filtered data as opposed to the original data in the case of Golay-Savitzky. This approach allows us to conduct frequency response studies to evaluate the quality and the applicability of the filter for various signals in the aircraft engines and other engineering applications. Frequency response studies cannot carried out using the Golay-Savitzky filter. This paper also investigates the performance of various polynomial orders in-reproducing the signal from a noisy data. Some of the performance measures used are bandwidth, overshoots, and lags introduced by the filter. The mathematical technique to extract the signal and deduce the coefficients in off-line is also presented.

关键词： Filtering (signal processing) Electronic filtering signal processing Smoothing Interference (communication) Control systems Digital signal processing Data processing Electromagnetic coupling Nonlinear filtering

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PIPELINED IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-SPEED STAR-RLS ADAPTIVE FILTERS 4

PIPELINED IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-SPEED STAR-RLS ADAPTIVE FIL...

引用

4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： RAGHUNATH, KJ PARHI, KK Univ. of Minnesota/Twin Cities (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

The popular QR decomposition based recursive least-squares (RLS) adaptive filtering algorithm (referred to as QRD-RLS) has a limited speed of operation depending on the processing time of each individual cell. A new scaled tangent rotation based STAR-RLS algorithm has been designed which is suitable for fine-grain pipelining and also has a lower complexity. The inter-cell communication is also reduced by about half. A direct application of look-ahead to STAR-RLS can still lead to some increase in hardware. In this paper look- ahead is applied using delayed update operations such that the complexity is reduced while maintaining a fast convergence. The pipelined STAR-RLS (or PSTAR-RLS) algorithm requires the same number of operations (multiplications or divisions) as the serial STAR-RLS algorithm. Practical issues related to the STAR-RLS algorithm such as numerical stability and dynamic range are also examined.

关键词： Digital filtering Algorithm development Error analysis Stars Tantalum Very large scale integration Data modeling Image processing Numerical stability Thulium

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