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Separating desired image and signal invariant components from extraneous variations 6

Separating desired image and signal invariant components fro...

引用

Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VI

作者： Williams, WJ Zalubas, EJ Hero, A UNIV MICHIGAN DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCIANN ARBORMI 48109

ISBN: (纸本)0819422347

Images and signals can be characterized by representations invariant to time shifts, spatial shifts, frequency shifts, and scale changes as the situation dictates. Advances in time-frequency analysis and scale transform techniques have made this possible. The next step is to distinguish between invariant forms representing different classes of image or signal. Unfortunately, additional factors such as noise contamination and `style' differences complicate this. A ready example is found in text, where letters and words may vary in size and position within the image segment being examined. Examples of complicating variations include font used, corruption during fax transmission, and printer characteristics. The solution advanced in this paper is to cast the desired invariants into separate subspaces for each extraneous factor or group of factors. The first goal is to have minimal overlap between these subspaces and the second goal is to be able to identify each subspace accurately. Concepts borrowed from high-resolution spectral analysis, but adapted uniquely to this problem have been found to be useful in this context. Once the pertinent subspace is identified, the recognition of a particular invariant form within this subspace is relatively simple using well-known singular value decomposition techniques.

关键词： scale transform Mellin transform wordspotting singular value decomposition character recognition time-frequency

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Parallel and fault -tolerant techniques for adaptive matched -field processing (MFP) on distributed array systems

Parallel and fault -tolerant techniques for adaptive matched...

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作者： Cho, Kil Seok University of Florida

学位级别：Ph.D.

Sonar array systems in the highly cluttered undersea environment require new and enhanced signal-processing algorithms and sophisticated architectures to meet the stringent real-time and reliability mission requirements. These demands present significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and dependability; and necessitate the development and use of high-performance computing techniques and advanced signal-processing algorithms. Our study introduces novel parallel and fault-tolerant techniques for adaptive matched-field processing (MFP) which we investigated on distributed array systems along with high-performance networking and distributed computing architectures. We developed the parallel algorithms for adaptive MFP to satisfy the computational and memory requirements not readily supported by cutting-edge, high-performance, single-processor systems. We proposed robust MFP algorithms to compensate for the performance degradation presented by sensor failures in sonar array systems. We also developed fault-tolerant parallel algorithms characterized by low overhead and fast recovery time to enhance dependability. We implemented the proposed parallel algorithms and fault-tolerant mechanisms on scalable clusters of computers. We compared their performance considering several critical factors such as parallel and fault-tolerant techniques, communication schemes, and processor architectures. Results show that these parallel and fault-tolerant algorithms can provide a feasible solution for real-time, scalable, and highly reliable beamforming implementations on distributed array systems.

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Approach to the joint optimization of video communications and video signal processing

Approach to the joint optimization of video communications a...

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations XI

作者： Pearlman, WA Medley, MJ Suter, BW Rensselaer Polytech Inst Ctr Next Generat Video Res Troy NY 12180 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441880

Compressed video bitstreams require protection from channel errors in a wireless channel. The three-dimensional (3-D) SPIHT coder has proved its efficiency and its real-time capability in compression of video. A forward-error-correcting (FEC) channel (RCPC) code combined with a single ARQ (automatic-repeat-request) proved to be an effective means for protecting the bitstream. In this paper, the need for ARQ is eliminated by making the 3-D SPIHT bitstream more robust and resistant to channel errors. Packetization of the bitstream and the reorganization of these packets to achieve scalability in bit rate and/or resolution in addition to robustness is demonstrated and combined with channel coding to not only protect the integrity of the packets, but also allow detection of packet decoding failures, so that only the cleanly recovered packets are reconstructed. In extensive comparative tests, the reconstructed video is shown to be superior to that of MPEG-2, with the margin of superiority growing substantially as the channel becomes noisier.

关键词： video compression video transmission robust source coding error resilient transmission combined source-channel coding 3-D wavelet transform embedded wavelet coding

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Development of transient power quality indices based on time-frequency distribution

Development of transient power quality indices based on time...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations XV

作者： Shin, Yong-June Crapse, Philip Department of Electrical Engineering University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 United States

For an assessment of the power quality in power distribution systems, classical Fourier series-based power quality indices are normally employed. The classical Fourier series-based power quality indices assume the periodicity of the disturbance so that the applications are limited to the harmonics. Hence, it is necessary for us to redefine power quality indices for the "transient" disturbances. In this paper, development of time-frequency based power quality indices are discussed for an assessment of transient power quality. The time and frequency localized information of the transient disturbance signals will be utilized for a new definition of the transient power quality indices. As an example of time-frequency based power quality indices, new definition of transient telephone interference factor has been carefully derived and verified in comparison with traditional telephone interference factor has been carefully derived and verified in comparison with traditional telephone interference factor. Time-frequency based power quality indices allow one to quantify the effects of transient disturbances by time and frequency localized information.

关键词： signal processing

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EVOLUTIONARY SPECTRAL ESTIMATION BASED ON ADAPTIVE USE OF WEIGHTED NORMS 4

EVOLUTIONARY SPECTRAL ESTIMATION BASED ON ADAPTIVE USE OF WE...

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4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： CABRERA, SD FLORES, BC THOMAS, G VEGAPINEDA, J Univ. of Texas/El Paso (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

In this paper, an evolutionary spectral estimator based on the application of Adaptive Weighted Norm Extrapolation (AWNE) is formulated and illustrated for analysis of nonstationary signals. The AWNE method produces a stationary extension of the data so that computing its Fourier transform yields a nonparametric, high-resolution spectrum estimate. The evolutionary formulation described here uses a time slice of the time-averaged Spectrogram to select the initial weight function (prior spectrum) used in AWNE for each block of data. This function strongly influences the final shape of the resulting spectrum. The resulting Short-Time AWNE (STAWNE) time-frequency representation yields improved frequency-domain resolution, preserves components which last longer than one time block, and is devoid of cross-terms. Comparison with short-time autoregressive spectral estimation yields improved consistency in the spectral energy levels as time varies. Finally, this sequential spectrum estimator is also illustrated for use in range-Doppler imaging of reflectivity surfaces having prominent scatterers by hybrid two-dimensional spectral estimation in-tandem with the discrete Fourier transform.

关键词： Autoregressive models Fourier transforms Time-frequency analysis Stars Data modeling Statistical analysis Yield improvement Electroluminescence Reflectivity signal analyzers

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Improved Radon Transform based method to quantify local stationarity

Improved Radon Transform based method to quantify local stat...

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Advance signal processing algorithms, Atchitectures, and implementations X

作者： Hedges, Robert A. Suter, Bruce W. Air Force Research Lab Rome United States

Establishing measures for local stationarity is an open problem in the field of time-frequency analysis. One promising theoretical measure, known as the spread, provides a means for quantifying potential correlation between signal elements. In this paper we investigate the issue of generalizing techniques developed by the authors to better estimate the spread of a signal. Existing techniques estimate the spread as the rectangular region of support of the associated expected ambiguity function oriented parallel to the axes. By applying Radon Transform techniques we can produce a parameterized model which describes the orientation of the region of support providing tighter estimates of the signal spread. Examples are provided that illustrate the enhancement of the new method.

关键词： signal processing

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New one-hot RNS structures for high-speed signal processing

New one-hot RNS structures for high-speed signal processing

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures and implementations XII

作者： Conway, R Conway, T Nelson, J Univ Limerick ECE Dept Limerick Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)0819445584

New efficient structures using the one-hot residue number system (OHRNS) are presented. Normally the RNS uses a binary representation for the residues, though recently there has been renewed interest in the OHRNS, which uses a simple, but novel representation for the residues. The basic component of the OHRNS is the barrel shifter, making the OHRNS suitable for very high speed applications. The first of the new structures presented reduces the power dissipation in OHRNS adder trees. A modification to the normal barrel shifter is proposed, which reduces the power dissipated by as much as 30%. This improvement is obtained through the use of the modified barrel shifter and the appropriate connection of active-low and active-high stages. This overall power reduction offers the possibility of using the OHRNS in place of a typical full adder based tree in high speed DSP applications. A new storage register for one-hot representations is detailed, which overcomes the problem of having to use a large number of registers. A new architecture is presented for fast OHRNS sign detection. Sign detection is complex and slow to perform in the RNS. A mixed radix conversion (MRC) is typically used for sign detection in the OHRNS. The new sign detection architecture is based on a new property of the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) and is significantly faster than the MRC approach for large moduli sets. Simulation results using SPICE are detailed for the new structures.

关键词： RNS one-hot sign detection

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3D Object Matching on the GPU Using Spin-Image Surface Matching

3D Object Matching on the GPU Using Spin-Image Surface Match...

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and Implementantions xviII

作者： Davis, Nolan Braunreiter, Dennis Tebcherani, Cezario Tanida, Masatoshi Sci Applicat Int Corp San Diego CA 92121 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472946

Spin-image surface matching is a technique for locating objects in a scene by processing three-dimensional surface information from sources such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR), structured light photography, and tomography. It is attractive for parallel processing on graphics processing units (GPUs) because the two main computational steps matching pairs of spin-images by correlation, and matching pairs of points between model and scene - are explicitly parallel. By implementing these parallel computations on the GPU, as well as recasting serial portions of the algorithm into a parallel form and structuring the algorithm to limit data exchanges between host and GPU, this project achieved an overall speedup of 20 times or more compared to conventional serial processing. A demonstration application has been developed that allows users to select among a set of models and scenes and then applies the spin-image surface matching algorithm to match the selected models to the scene. It also has several user interface controls for changing parameters. One new parameter is a geometric consistency ratio (GCR) that quantifies the matching performance and provides a measure for discarding low-quality matches. By toggling between GPU- and host-based processing, the application demonstrates the speedup achieved with parallelization on the GPU.

关键词： spin image surface matching object matching image correlation geometric consistency GPU graphical processing unit parallel processing speedup

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Large dynamic range time-frequency signal analysis with application to helicopter Doppler radar data

Large dynamic range time-frequency signal analysis with appl...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations

作者： Marple Jr., S. Lawrence Marino, Claudio Strange, Shawn Oregon State University School of EECS Corvallis OR United States Lockheed Martin Orincon San Diego CA United States

Despite the enhanced time-frequency analysis (TFA) detailing capability of quadratic TFAs like the Wigner and Cohen representations, their performance with signals of large dynamic range (DNR in excess of 40 dB) is not acceptable due to the inability to totally suppress the cross-term artifacts which typically are much stronger than the weakest signal components that they obscure. AMTI and GMTI radar targets exhibit such high dynamic range when microDoppler is present, with the aspects of interest being the weakest components. This paper presents one of two modifications of linear TFA to provide the enhanced detailing behavior of quadratic TFAs without introducing cross terms, making it possible to see the time-frequency detail of extremely weak signal components. The technique described here is based on subspace-enhanced linear predictive extrapolation of the data within each analysis window to create a longer data sequence for conventional STFT TFA. The other technique, based on formation of a special two-dimensional transformed data matrix analyzed by high-definition two-dimensional spectral analysis methods such as 2-D AR or 2-D minimum variance, is compared to the new technique using actual AMTI and GMTI radar data.

关键词： signal processing

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New algorithms for on-line computation of elementary functions

New algorithms for on-line computation of elementary functio...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations II

作者： Kla, Sylvanus Mazenc, Christophe Merrheim, Xavier Muller, Jean-Michel M. Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon Lyon Cedex 07 France

ISBN: (纸本)0819406945

We present here some algorithms for on-line computation of elementary functions. These algorithms use shift-and-add as elementary step and need signed digit representations of numbers. Then, we give some theoretical results about on-line computation of functions. For instance, we show that a finite automaton (in practice a bounded size and memory operator) can compute in on-line only piecewise affine functions.

关键词： signal processing

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