The paper analyzes the generated mechanism of the reset noise when reading out the CCD video signal. It also states a sampling technique for CCD output video signal, the Correlative Double Sampling (CDS) technique, wh...
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This paper describes the development of a highly capable Payload Downlink Chain (PDC) for use on the Surrey Satellite technology Limited 300kg (SSTL-300) platform which has been designed to support small, low cost sci...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424436262
This paper describes the development of a highly capable Payload Downlink Chain (PDC) for use on the Surrey Satellite technology Limited 300kg (SSTL-300) platform which has been designed to support small, low cost science and Earth Observation (EO) satellite missions operating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The driver behind the development of the PDC was the NigeriaSAT-2 [11 mission commissioned in 2006 by the Nigerian National Space Research and Development Agency (NASDRA), which is due for launch in 2009. NigeriaSAT-2 is a high performance EO mission designed for a seven-and-a-half year lifetime to achieve 2.5m imagery in a panchromatic waveband along with 5m and 32m imagery in four multi-spectral channels. The spacecraft will deliver high data throughput on an agile platform, whilst still maintaining high levels of pointing accuracy. All of this will be included in a 300Kg satellite. The key requirements for the mission were to maximize the data capacity, whilst maintaining a very modest total system cost and minimizing the technical risks throughout the development phase. The majority of the spacecraft constituent parts, including the structure, the optical instruments and the PDC have all been developed by Surrey Satellite technology Limited (SSTL) to satisfy the mission, so that the cost and schedule can be carefully controlled and be reliably repeated for future missions. Early design focused on making the system suitable for commercial operations, and consequently it was necessary to develop ways of maximizing the downlink data throughput without significantly affecting the mission cost. As a result of these requirements, an understanding of the necessary capability of the PDC was derived and then the requirement specification for each element of the PDC could be generated.
Colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting diodes have recently received considerable attention due to their ease of colour tunability, high brightness and narrow emission bandwidth. Although there have been rapid advances ...
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Colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting diodes have recently received considerable attention due to their ease of colour tunability, high brightness and narrow emission bandwidth. Although there have been rapid advances in luminance, efficiency and lifetime, device performance is still limited by the large energy barriers for hole and electron injection into the quantum-dot layer. Here, we show that by crosslinking the colloidal quantum-dot layer, the charge injection barrier in a red-light-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diode may be considerably reduced by using a sol-gel TiO2 layer for electron transport. The device architecture is compatible with all-solution device fabrication and the resulting device shows a high luminance (12,380 cd m(-2)), low turn-on voltage (1.9 V) and high power efficiency (2.41 lm W-1). Incorporation of the technology into a display device with an active matrix drive backplane suggests that the approach has promise for use in high-performance, easy-to-fabricate, large-area displays and illumination sources.
The proceedings contain 66 papers from the Proceedings of SPIE - advances in optical data storage technology. The topics discussed include: investigation of novel two-photon diarylethene for 3D opticaldatastorage;si...
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The proceedings contain 66 papers from the Proceedings of SPIE - advances in optical data storage technology. The topics discussed include: investigation of novel two-photon diarylethene for 3D opticaldatastorage;simulation for integrated optical fiber head of multilayers parallel storage;signal processing and coding for multiwavelength and multilevel photochromic opticalstorage;pneumatic sensing system used for focusing in multiwavelength optical disk mastering;crosstalk eliminating and low-density parity-check codes for photochromic dual-wavelength storage;system design for double-layer blu-ray disc recorders;and experimental research on near-field opticalstorage and virtual probe based on solid immersion lens.
The twentieth century has been the era of semiconductor materials and electronic technology while this millennium is expected to be the age of photonic materials and opticaltechnology. opticaltechnology has led to c...
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As the most important RET (Resolution Enhancement technology), OPC (optical Proximity Correction) technology has been widely used in today's IC manufacturing and is still developing very fast both in its principle...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819470027
As the most important RET (Resolution Enhancement technology), OPC (optical Proximity Correction) technology has been widely used in today's IC manufacturing and is still developing very fast both in its principle and its practice. In this invited paper, key techniques of OPC are classified and overviewed;progresses of OPC technology in recent years published in major SPIE symposiums are reviewed as well. Recent research results produced by Zhejiang University's team are described and reviewed with highlighting. An OPC tool suite named ZOPC, which has been designed to enable new OPC techniques to be integrated into one platform, is presented. The framework of ZOPC as well as its working scheme is demonstrated with real examples.
The recent advancement of water immersion technology into lithography for 193nm wavelengths has allowed the numerical aperture (NA) of lithographic lenses to exceed 1.0 or a hyper-NA region. This allows resolution lim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819470027
The recent advancement of water immersion technology into lithography for 193nm wavelengths has allowed the numerical aperture (NA) of lithographic lenses to exceed 1.0 or a hyper-NA region. This allows resolution limits to extend to the 45nm node and beyond with NA>1.35. At these extreme NAs, the imaging within the photoresist is accomplished by not only using water immersion but also using polarized light lithography. This paper will show how the advances in current state-of-the-art in immersion, hyper-NA lithography have been preceded by extraordinary evolutionary behavior in lenses and imaging. We show the latest results and discuss the various phenomena that may arise using these systems show possible evolution paths in immersion lithography. We discuss and analyze the various issues with Hyper-NA technology that may force a paradigm change from single exposure imaging to multiple patterning techniques. In addition, we show that the future of optical lithography is likely to go well beyond the 30nm regime using advancements in 193nm double-patterning technology and/or the use of extreme ultra-violet (EUV) optical systems.
The spatial control of optical absorption provided by two-photon excitation has led to tremendous advances in microscopy(1) and microfabrication(2). Medical applications of two-photon excitation in photodynamic therap...
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The spatial control of optical absorption provided by two-photon excitation has led to tremendous advances in microscopy(1) and microfabrication(2). Medical applications of two-photon excitation in photodynamic therapy(3,4) have been widely suggested(5-18), but thus far have been rendered impractical by the low two-photon cross-sections of photosensitizer drugs (which are compounds taken up by living tissues that become toxic on absorption of light). The invention of efficient two-photon activated drugs will allow precise three-dimensional manipulation of treatment volumes, providing a level of targeting unattainable with current therapeutic techniques. Here we present a new family of photodynamic therapy drugs designed for efficient two-photon excitation and use one of them to demonstrate selective closure of blood vessels through two-photon excitation photodynamic therapy in vivo. These conjugated porphyrin dimers have two-photon cross-sections that are more than two orders of magnitude greater than those of standard clinical photosensitizers(17). This is the first demonstration of in vivo photodynamic therapy using a photosensitizer engineered for efficient two-photon excitation.
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