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BioNetExplorer: Architecture-Space Exploration of Biosignal processing Deep Neural Networks for Wearables

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2021年第17期8卷 13251-13265页

作者： Prabakaran, Bharath Srinivas Akhtar, Asima Rehman, Semeen Hasan, Osman Shafique, Muhammad Tech Univ Wien Inst Comp Engn A-1040 Vienna Austria Natl Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Engn & Comp Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Tech Univ Wien Inst Comp Technol A-1040 Vienna Austria New York Univ Abu Dhabi Div Engn Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

Deep learning (DL) has been shown to be highly effective in solving various problems across numerous applications and domains, such as autonomous driving and image recognition. Due to the advent of DL, plenty of research works have explored the applicability of DL, more specifically deep neural networks (DNNs), to solve pattern recognition and computer vision challenges. More recently, researchers have focused on the topic of automated generation and exploration of DNN architectures, which tend to mostly focus on image recognition or visual data sets, primarily, due to the computer vision-related DL advancements. In this work, we propose the BioNetExplorer framework to systematically generate and explore multiple DNN architectures for biosignal processing in wearable devices. Our framework varies key neural architecture parameters to search for an embedded DNN architecture with a low hardware overhead, which can be deployed in wearable edge devices to analyze the biosignal data and to extract the relevant information, such as arrhythmia and seizure. Furthermore, BioNetExplorer reduces the exploration time by deploying genetic algorithms, such as NSGA-ii, SPEA-2, etc. Our framework also enables the hardware-aware DNN architecture search by imposing user requirements and hardware constraints (storage, FLOPs, etc.) during the exploration stage, thereby limiting the number of networks explored. Moreover, BioNetExplorer can also be used to search for DNNs based on the user-required output classes;for instance, a user might require a specific output class, attributed toward ventricular fibrillation, due to genetic predisposition or a preexisting heart condition. The use of genetic algorithms reduces the exploration time, on average, by 9x, compared to exhaustive exploration. We are successful in identifying Pareto-optimal designs, which can reduce the storage overhead of DNN by similar to 30 MB for a quality loss of less than 0.5%. To enable low-cost embedded DNNs, BioNet

关键词： Bio-signals convolution deep neural networks (DNNs) efficiency embedded systems exploration healthcare long short-term memory (LSTM) performance wearables

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Adding ears to intelligent connected vehicles by combining microphone arrays and high definition map

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT systems 2021年第10期15卷 1228-1240页

作者： Jiang, Kun Yang, Diange Wijaya, Benny Zhang, Bowei Yang, Mengmeng Zhang, Kai Tang, Xuewei Tsinghua Univ Sch Vehicle & Mobil Ctr Intelligent Connected Vehicles & Transportat State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Ears are responsible for the sense of hearing, which is indispensable for a human to understand the environment. It is similar to an intelligent vehicle where acoustical data contains useful and valuable information to comprehend the environment to enable autonomous driving. One important application of acoustical data processing is to localize sound sources. However, due to the complexity of microphone array setup and the unstable localization performance against noises, few research articles tried to localize surrounding vehicles based on on-board microphone arrays. The main contribution is the first implementation to combine roof-mounted microphones and high definition maps as vehicle' s ears for online 3D localization of surround vehicles. This article designed a six-microphones sensor array dedicated to the on-board application and improved sound source localization algorithms using the observer technique to adapt to dynamic driving scenarios. A map-based localization enhancement method is also proposed to make the system more robust to noises and model errors. Feasibility tests are conducted with real vehicles in the scenarios of pass-by and overtaking. Experimental results validate the feasibility of using microphones to localize surrounding vehicles with lane-level accuracy.

关键词： Speech and audio signal processing optical, image and video signal processing Signal processing and detection Sensing devices and transducers Digital signal processing Computer vision and image processing techniques

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Revolutionizing Waste Management: Harnessing the Power of IoT 7

Revolutionizing Waste Management: Harnessing the Power of Io...

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7th IET Smart Cities Symposium, SCS 2023

作者： Karale, Ankita Rajawat, Anand Singh Goyal, S.B. Computer Engineering Sandip Foundation’s Sandip Institute of Research Center Nashik School of Computer Science & Engineering Sandip University Nashik India Faculty of Information Technology City University Petaling Jaya Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539831

Waste management has become a pressing problem in a world that is becoming more and more urbanised. Traditional ways of dealing with trash are usually inefficient and bad, leading to pollution, health problems, and wasted resources. As an answer to these problems, the Internet of Things (IoT) has changed the way trash is handled in a big way. This abstract looks at how smart waste management based on the Internet of Things could totally change the business of garbage disposal. Through a network of sensors and devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) connects trash cans, garbage trucks, and waste processing facilities so that they can be monitored and improved in real time. A smart waste management system that is built on IoT has many benefits. With the real-time information it gives about how much trash is being made, routes for collecting trash can be made more efficient in terms of time and fuel use. This cuts down on the number of times trash needs to be picked up, reduces the amount of greenhouse gases released, and saves money. Sensors in trash cans can also find dangerous or flammable items, so they can be dealt with right away and any problems can be avoided. Also, the Internet of Things makes it possible for predictive analytics, which help waste management officials predict how much trash will be made and use their resources well. Using smart waste sorting methods like optical sensors and machine learning algorithms, recyclable and non-recyclable trash can be correctly found and sorted. This helps people recycle more and puts less pressure on landfills. Smart trash management systems that are based on the Internet of Things (IoT) get more people involved and help them understand. Mobile apps and smart devices can tell a person when their trash will be picked up, where the nearest recycling sites are, and how much trash they make. People are encouraged to act responsibly and throw away trash in ways that are good for the environment. Smart waste management base

关键词： Internet of things

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On Using the Raspberry Pi Camera to Receive 8-PAM Signals in optical Camera Communication

On Using the Raspberry Pi Camera to Receive 8-PAM Signals in...

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International Symposium on Communication systems, Networks and Digital Signal processing, CNSDSP

作者： Miguel Rêgo Vicente Matus Othman Younus Alexis A. Dowhuszko Zabih Ghassemlooy Mónica Figueiredo Pedro Fonseca Luis Nero Alves Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Instituto de Telecomunicações Aveiro Portugal Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne U.K. Department of Information and Communications Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland School of Technology and Management Polytechnic of Leiria Leiria Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9798350348743

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348750

optical Camera Communication (OCC) has emerged as a way of implementing optical Wireless Communication (OWC) without the need of adding an additional interface to smart devices equipped with cameras, and is suitable for applications in Internet of Things (IoT), secure communications, indoor positioning and electromagnetic interference sensitive scenarios. Given the fact that a camera consists of an array of photodetectors connected to analog-to-digital converters, we can leverage this fact to implement not only binary signal reception, but also a multi-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) receiver. In this paper, we explore the usage of the Raspberry Pi Camera V2.1 as a receiver for implementing 8-PAM OCC, focusing on the technical characteristics of this camera and identifying the limitations that arise from its low cost. A decoder algorithm is proposed, aimed at circumventing the identified limitations with signal processing solutions. The proposed algorithm was experimentally validated in an indoor scenario and a Symbol Error Rate (SER) was measured for up to 1.8m, remaining under 1.3%.

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Symbols Cameras Amplitude modulation optical receivers Adaptive optics optical sensors

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Concentration prediction of binary mixed gases based on random forest algorithm in the electronic nose system 13

Concentration prediction of binary mixed gases based on rand...

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13th International Conference on Signal processing systems, ICSPS 2021

作者： Wang, Tao Wu, Yu Zhang, Yongwei Lv, Wen Chen, Xinwei Yang, Zhi Department of Micro/Nano Electronics School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510653184

ISBN: (纸本)9781510653177

The concentration prediction of mixed gases is crucial to the pattern recognition research of electronic nose (E-nose) systems. The response experiments of the E-nose towards the ethanol and propanol mixture with different concentrations are carried out. Five kinds of machine learning algorithms, including linear regression, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor, random forest, and decision tree, are used for training the multiple output regressors to predict the content of each component simultaneously. The R2 score, root mean squared error, and mean absolute error are used to evaluate the performance of these models. The relationship between prediction accuracy and concentration distribution has also been studied. The results show that the model based on the random forest has superior performance for forecasting the concentration of ethanol and propanol, with the R2 score more than 0.98 in the 5-fold cross-validation. This study provides a significant inspiration for designing a multi-output regression model to realize the quantitative prediction of mixed gases by the E-nose. © COPYRIGHT SPIE.

关键词： Electronic nose

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Enhancing the performance of optical camera communication via accumulative sampling

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第12期29卷 19015-19023页

作者： Zhang, Pinpin Wang, Qiuyu Yang, Yanbing Wang, Yunfeng Sun, Yimao Xu, Wenzheng Luo, Jun Chen, Liangyin Sichuan Univ Coll Comp Sci Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Inst Ind Internet Res Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China Nanyang Mchnol Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore 639798 Singapore

Deemed as a practical approach to realize Visible Light Communication on commercial-off-the-shelf devices, the optical Camera Communication (OCC) is attracting increasing attention, thanks to its readiness to be built purely upon ubiquitous LED illuminating infrastructure and handy smartphones. However, limited by the low sampling ability of the built-in camera on a smartphone, the performance of existing OCC systems is still far away from the requirements of practical applications. To this end, we further investigate the reception ability of the smartphone's camera and propose an accumulative sampling scheme to improve the performance of the OCC system. Essentially, the proposed scheme can use all the grayscale information of the pixels projected by the LED transmitter, whereas the conventional ones normally use single row (or column) pixels for demodulating. By implementing the lightweight demodulation algorithm with accumulative sampling, we experimentally verify its effectiveness for supporting higher transmission frequency hence better performance in terms of data rate. Extensive evaluations have shown the BERs of the proposed method are over 87% and 96% lower than that provided by the baselines at a maximum transmission frequency of 5 kHz for the Samsung S8 and iPhone 8 Plus receivers, respectively. (C) 2021 optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： CMOS cameras Image processing algorithms Machine vision Motion detection optical wireless communication Visible light communications

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Methods and algorithms for computer synthesis of holographic elements to obtain a complex impulse response of optical information processing systems based on modern spatial light modulators

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QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2020年第7期50卷 643-652页

作者： Zlokazov, E. Yu Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI Kashirskoe Sh 31 Moscow 115409 Russia

The possibilities of designing optical devices for data processing and imaging based on the manipulation of coherent light beams by means of spatial light modulators (SLMs) are investigated. A review of commercially available SLMs is presented and the limitations of their complex modulation characteristics are analysed. The main problem of using present-day SLMs is the lack of the ability to modulate directly all states within a unit circle in the complex plane. In this regard, the characteristics of current methods for the synthesis of holographic elements are described that implement a given complex impulse response of the optical system and are optimal for using SLMs with purely amplitude, purely phase, and hybrid amplitude - phase modulation.

关键词： computer holographic synthesis optical processing of information spatial light modulators

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Mining Alarm Association Rules in optical Transmission Networks Using a Statistical Approach 24

Mining Alarm Association Rules in Optical Transmission Netwo...

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24th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, 8th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and systems, 20th IEEE International Conference on Smart City and 8th IEEE International Conference on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud and Big Data systems and Application, HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys 2022

作者： Deng, Miao Li, Peng Liu, Yu Zhu, Rongjing Zhang, Yujie School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350319934

Due to the interconnection between devices in the optical transmission network (OTN), when one device fails and generates alarm information, a large number of other invalid alarms are generated in OTN. How to mining association rules in alarm data is an important problem. In this paper, we investigate the association rules mining problem based on a statistical method. First, we remove the chattering alarm in preprocess to reduce data redundancy. Second, we propose a statistics-based association rule mining algorithm. We use a sliding time window to scan the alarm data, and we exploit the matrix to record the corresponding results. According to the matrix, we calculate the support and confidence of association rules. Compared with other traditional association rule mining algorithms, the proposed algorithm does not need to set the minimum support artificially, and the obtained association rules have strong causality. Through extensive experiments on syn-thetic and real OTN alarm datasets, we verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and the correctness of the obtained association rules. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Association rules

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Editorial Introduction to JSTQE Special Issue on optical Computing

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2023年第2期29卷

作者： Shastri, Bhavin J. Buckley, Sonia Van Vaerenbergh, Thomas Lin, Xing Offrein, Bert Queens Univ Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron Kingston K7L 3N6 ON Canada Natl Inst Stand & Technol Appl Phys Div Boulder CO 80305 USA HPE Belgium Hewlett Packard Labs B-1831 Diegem Belgium Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Zurich Res Lab IBM Res Europe CH-8803 Ruschlikon Switzerland

The twenty-eight papers included in this special section focuses on optical computing. There is a renaissance in the research of photonic computing driven by the demands of artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing on current digital electronic hardware (which has a central processor and separated memory for sequential processing). optical physics could enable non-von Neumann computing and potentially enable new applications that require low latency, high bandwidth, and low energies. This special issue will cover the current status, prospects, and challenges of the field in using light for neuromorphic computing, machine learning, and quantum information processing. The purpose of this special section is to provide a glimpse of the current status and future trends, as well as provide original results and recent developments in the field of optical computing, from devices, integration technology, system architectures, and algorithms, to applications.

关键词： Special issues and sections optical computing Quantum computing Photonics Neuromorphic engineering Computer architecture systems architecture Semiconductor device manufacture

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Microscopic analysis of the energy, momentum, and spin distributions in a surface plasmon-polariton wave

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optical MATERIALS EXPRESS 2021年第7期11卷 2165-2191页

作者： Bekshaev, A. Y. Angelsky, O., V Zheng, J. Hanson, S. G. Zenkova, C. Yu II Mechnikov Natl Univ Phys Res Inst Odessa Ukraine Zhejiang Univ Taizhou Res Inst Taizhou Peoples R China Chernivtsi Natl Univ Chernovtsy Ukraine DTU Foton Dept Photon Engn DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark

We analyze the electromagnetic field near a plane interface between a conductive and a dielectric media, under conditions supporting surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) propagation. The conductive medium is described by the hydrodynamic electron-gas model that enables a consistent analysis of the field-induced variations of the electron density and velocity at the interface and its nearest vicinity. The distributions of electromagnetic dynamical characteristics: energy, energy flow, spin and momentum are calculated analytically and illustrated numerically, employing silver-vacuum interface as an example. A set of the "field" and material contributions to the energy, spin and momentum are explicitly identified and classified with respect to their physical origins and properties, and the orbital (canonical) and spin (Belinfante) momentum constituents are separately examined. In this context, a procedure for the spin-orbital momentum decomposition in the presence of free charges is proposed and substantiated. The microscopic results agree with the known phenomenological data but additionally show specific nanoscale structures in the near-interface behavior of the SPP energy and momentum, which can be deliberately created, controlled and used in nanotechnology applications. (c) 2021 optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement Localized light fields attract significant attention due to their impressive abilities within optical nano-probing, precise optical manipulation and optical data processing. Especially, the surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves emerging near the interface between dielectric and conductive media are intensively investigated in connection with nano- and micro-optical means for light guiding, switching and controlling, which is crucial for further microminiaturizing of optical information devices and systems [1-6]. Many stimulating and promising applications are related with unique geometro-dynamical properties o

关键词： Electric fields Field enhancement Light fields optical data processing optical fields Surface waves

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