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Measuring Arbitrary Physical Properties in Analog Quantum Simulation

Physical Review X 2023年第1期13卷 011049-011049页

作者： Minh C. Tran Daniel K. Mark Wen Wei Ho Soonwon Choi Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 117542

A central challenge in analog quantum simulation is to characterize desirable physical properties of quantum states produced in experiments. However, in conventional approaches, the extraction of arbitrary information requires performing measurements in many different bases, which necessitates a high level of control that present-day quantum devices may not have. Here, we propose and analyze a scalable protocol that leverages the ergodic nature of generic quantum dynamics, enabling the efficient extraction of many physical properties. The protocol does not require sophisticated controls and can be generically implemented in analog quantum simulation platforms today. Our protocol involves introducing ancillary degrees of freedom in a predetermined state to a system of interest, quenching the joint system under Hamiltonian dynamics native to the particular experimental platform, and then measuring globally in a single, fixed basis. We show that arbitrary information of the original quantum state is contained within such measurement data and can be extracted using a classical data-processing procedure. We numerically demonstrate our approach with a number of examples, including the measurements of entanglement entropy, many-body Chern number, and various superconducting orders in systems of neutral atom arrays, bosonic and fermionic particles on optical lattices, respectively, only assuming existing technological capabilities. Our protocol excitingly promises to overcome limited controllability and, thus, enhance the versatility and utility of near-term quantum technologies.

关键词： Cold and ultracold molecules Cold gases in optical lattices Quantum protocols Quantum simulation

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Antimonide-based high operating temperature infrared photodetectors and focal plane arrays: a review and outlook

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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS 2023年第43期56卷 433001-433001页

作者： Jia, Chunyang Deng, Gongrong Liu, Lining Zhao, Peng Song, Guofeng Liu, Jianguo Zhang, Yiyun Chinese Acad Sci Inst Semicond Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Kunming Inst Phys Kunming 650223 Yunnan Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Mat Sci & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Reduction in the size, weight, and power (SWaP) consumption of an infrared (IR) detection system is one of the critical challenges lying ahead for the development of IR detector technology, especially for mid-/long-wavelength IR wave bands, which calls for high operating temperature (HOT) IR photodetectors (PDs) with good sensitivity that would ease the burden for cooling systems. Emerging as strong competitors to HgCdTe detectors, antimonide (Sb)-based IR PDs and focal plane array (FPA) imagers have gradually stepped into real-world applications after decades of development thanks to their outstanding material properties, tunability of cutoff wavelengths, feasibility of device designs, and great potential for mass production with low costs. Meanwhile, the emerging demands of versatile applications seek fast, compact, and smart IR detection systems, in which the integration of Sb-based IR PDs on a Si platform enables direct information readout and processing with Si-based microelectronics. This paper reviews recent progress in Sb-based HOT IR PDs and FPAs, including the fundamental material properties and device designs based on bulk InAsSb, InAs/GaSb, and InAs/InAsSb type-ii superlattices, together with the cutting-edge performance achieved. This work also covers new trends of development in Sb-based IR PDs, such as optical engineering for signal harvesting, photonic integration techniques, as well as metal organic chemical vapor deposition growth of antimonides. Finally, challenges and possible solutions for future studies are provided from the perspectives of material growth, device design, and imaging systems. New advances in response to these existing challenges may cast light on designs and strategies for achieving HOT devices at thermoelectric cooling temperatures (yet with lower costs), and more extensive emerging applications may be found.

关键词： antimonides InAsSb InAs GaSb Type-ii superlattices InAsSb Type-ii superlattices high operating temperature infrared photodetectors focal plane arrays

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RTT Algorithm Optimization with Out-of-Order Retransmission Detection

RTT Algorithm Optimization with Out-of-Order Retransmission ...

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International Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and information processing (ICWAMTIP)

作者： Jiang Wei Zhang Bin Wang Wenyong Zhu Qixun School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China China Telecom Sichuan Branch Chengdu Sichuan China International Institute of Next Generation Internet Macau University of Science and Technology Macau Sichuan Communication Research Planning & Designing Co. Ltd

ISBN: (数字)9798331519254

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519261

Traditional Round-Trip Time (RTT) algorithms often struggle with maintaining accuracy under conditions of packet retransmissions and disorder, resulting in RTT estimations that fall outside the expected range. This can lead to misinterpretations of network health and performance. In response to this challenge, our research introduces an enhanced RTT calculation method designed for implementation within network devices. Our approach involves a bidirectional monitoring mechanism for detecting packet retransmissions during the process of traffic interception. By doing so, we aim to refine the precision of RTT estimations through meticulous packet inspection. Our novel algorithm is rigorously tested under simulated environments that mimic fluctuating network conditions. The outcomes clearly indicate that our methodology successfully screens out anomalous RTT values, which are typically introduced by packet retransmissions or disorder. Consequently, this leads to a substantial enhancement in the accuracy of RTT calculations. Our findings suggest that the adoption of this optimized RTT algorithm could significantly improve the reliability of network performance monitoring systems, making it a promising solution for real-world network management applications. The comparative experimental results of RTT optimization before and after simulating abnormal network environments show that the peak value of sudden abnormal RTT over the family side and the network side after optimization is reduced by about 75.8% and 99.5%, respectively.

关键词： Out of order Accuracy Refining Estimation Market research optical network units Real-time systems Reliability Optimization Monitoring

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PhaseGAN: a deep-learning phase-retrieval approach for unpaired datasets

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第13期29卷 19593-19604页

作者： Zhang, Yuhe Noack, Mike Andreas Vagovic, Patrik Fezzaa, Kamel Garcia-Moreno, Francisco Ritschel, Tobias Villanueva-Perez, Pablo Lund Univ Synchrotron Radiat Res & NanoLund Box 118 S-22100 Lund Sweden Tech Univ Berlin D-10623 Berlin Germany DESY Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci D-22607 Hamburg Germany Argonne Natl Lab Xray Sci Div Adv Photon Source Lemont IL 60439 USA Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie D-14109 Berlin Germany UCL London WC1E 6BT England

Phase retrieval approaches based on deep learning (DL) provide a framework to obtain phase information from an intensity hologram or diffraction pattern in a robust manner and in real-time. However, current DL architectures applied to the phase problem rely on i) paired datasets, i. e., they arc only applicable when a satisfactory solution of the phase problem has been found, and ii) the fact that most of them ignore the physics of the imaging process. Here, we present PhaseGAN, a new DL approach based on Generative Adversarial Networks, which allows the use of unpaired datasets and includes the physics of image formation. The performance of our approach is enhanced by including the image formation physics and a novel Fourier loss function, providing phase reconstructions when conventional phase retrieval algorithms fail, such as ultra-fast experiments. Thus, PhaseGAN offers the opportunity to address the phase problem in real-time when no phase reconstructions but good simulations or data from other experiments are available. (C) 2021 optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Image processing Imaging systems Imaging techniques Medical imaging Phase retrieval X ray imaging

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FASENet: A Two-Stream Fall Detection and Activity Monitoring Model Using Pose Keypoints and Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks 14th

FASENet: A Two-Stream Fall Detection and Activity Monitoring...

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14th Asian Conference on Intelligent information and Database systems (ACiiDS)

作者： Suarez, Jessie James P. Orillaza, Nathaniel S. Naval, Prospero C., Jr. Univ Philippines Diliman Dept Comp Sci Quezon City Philippines Univ Philippines Manila Coll Med Manila Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9783031219665;9783031219672

Numerous frameworks have already been proposed for vision-based fall detection and activity monitoring. These works have leveraged state-of-the-art algorithms such as 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks in order to analyze and process video data. However, these models are computationally expensive which prevent their use at scale for low-resource devices. Moreover, previous works in literature have not considered modelling features for simple and complex actions given a video segment. This information is crucial when trying to identify actions for a given task. Hence, this work proposes an architecture called FASENet, a 1D convolutional neural network-based two-stream fall detection and activity monitoring model using squeeze-and-excitation networks. By using pose keypoints as inputs for the model instead of raw video frames, it is able to use 1D convolutions which is computationally cheaper than using 2D or 3D convolutions, thereby making the architecture more efficient. Furthermore, FASENet primarily has two streams to process pose segments, a compact and dilated stream which aims to extract features for simple and complex actions, respectively. Furthermore, squeeze-and-excitation networks are used in between these streams to recalibrate features after their combination based on their importance. The network was evaluated in three publicly available datasets, the Adhikari Dataset, the UP-Fall Dataset, and the UR-Fall Dataset. Through the experiments, FASENet was able to outperform prior state-of-the-art work on the Adhikari Dataset for accuracy, precision, and F1. The model was shown to have the best precision on the UP-Fall and UR-Fall Datasets. Finally, it was also observed that FASENet was able to reduce false positive rates compared to a previously related study.

关键词： Computer vision Activity monitoring Deep learning Video processing

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深度学习策略下光纤中超短脉冲非线性传输过程表征及控制研究进展

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中国激光 2023年第11期50卷 162-170页

作者：隋皓朱宏娜贾焕玉欧洺余李祺罗斌邹喜华西南交通大学物理科学与技术学院成都四川610031 西南交通大学信息科学与技术学院成都四川610031

常规数值求解方法在表征光纤中超短脉冲的非线性传输过程时存在计算量大、效率低等局限。随着人工智能的快速发展,深度学习技术展现出了强大的计算能力、广泛的适用范围、良好的硬件移植性,在光纤中超短脉冲非线性传输过程表征和控制研... 详细信息

常规数值求解方法在表征光纤中超短脉冲的非线性传输过程时存在计算量大、效率低等局限。随着人工智能的快速发展,深度学习技术展现出了强大的计算能力、广泛的适用范围、良好的硬件移植性,在光纤中超短脉冲非线性传输过程表征和控制研究中具有巨大潜力。本文概述了深度学习技术及其在预测光纤中超短脉冲传输、超短脉冲重构及参数估计方面的研究进展,同时展望了深度学习与光纤中超短脉冲非线性传输这一新兴交叉技术的发展方向和挑战。

关键词：光纤光学超短激光脉冲传输非线性薛定谔方程光纤非线性效应深度学习

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基于非线性超表面的多任务光电混合神经网络(特邀)

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光学学报 2024年第10期44卷 314-321页

作者：罗栩豪董思禹魏泽勇王占山程鑫彬同济大学物理科学与工程学院精密光学工程技术研究所上海200092 先进微结构材料教育部重点实验室上海200092 上海市数字光学前沿科学研究基地上海200092 上海市全光谱高性能光学薄膜器件及应用专业技术服务平台上海200092

提出一种新型的光电混合神经网络计算模型,通过非线性超表面对线性和非线性光波进行多维度光场调控,并行处理多个通道的信息。非线性超表面采用U型纳米天线,基于自旋和几何相位对基频和倍频光波的相位进行编码和复用,结合后端的浅层电... 详细信息

提出一种新型的光电混合神经网络计算模型,通过非线性超表面对线性和非线性光波进行多维度光场调控,并行处理多个通道的信息。非线性超表面采用U型纳米天线,基于自旋和几何相位对基频和倍频光波的相位进行编码和复用,结合后端的浅层电子神经网络分别实现对手写数字图像输入的高精度分类(盲测准确率为95.53%)和高质量重建(平均峰值信噪比大于26 dB)。所提方法为发展光学、光电、电子模拟和数字计算技术提供了新思路,从而实现大规模并行、高通量和更广泛的人工智能系统。

关键词：物理光学光电计算人工智能非线性超表面并行处理数字分类图像重建

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Adapting Open-source Multimodal Large Language Models for Enhanced Vision Assistants

Adapting Open-source Multimodal Large Language Models for En...

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International Conference on Computer and information Technology (ICCIT)

作者： Md. Repon Islam Muhammad Sheikh Sadi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna Bangladesh

ISBN: (数字)9798331519094

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519100

This paper presents a novel wearable system designed to enhance the lives of visually impaired individuals by integrating advanced vision understanding through Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and optical Character Recognition (OCR). An open-source 8 billion parameters MLLM has been deployed on a consumer-grade GPU-enabled server which excels in interpreting visual data and delivering intelligent responses. The wearable device, powered by an Orange Pi 5B single-board computer (SBC), incorporates advanced OCR, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Text-to-Speech (TTS), and an on-device 0.5B Large Language Model (LLM) for real-time interaction. Text recognition is achieved using PaddleOCR lite, optimized through a series of algorithms for edge performance. The on-device LLM handles offline question-answer or summarization tasks, while server integration provides a more powerful, multimodal understanding of the environment, based on user queries. This hybrid approach balances low-latency, real-time processing with the computational demands of advanced multimodal models, offering a scalable, cost-effective solution. Experimental evaluations demonstrate character recognition accuracy of 95.55% for OCR and efficient response generation at 18 tokens per second for LLM on the edge. The deployed MLLM scores 9.1 out of 10 on a carefully curated subset of the VizWiz VQA dataset, which consists of real-world image-question pairs captured by blind individuals across the globe based on their actual needs. The system represents a significant advancement in assistive technologies for the visually impaired community, leveraging a hybrid computing framework and state-of-the-art LMMs for robust, real-time support.

关键词： Visualization Accuracy Large language models optical character recognition Assistive technologies Real-time systems Servers Character recognition Wearable devices Thermal stability

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Artificial Neural Network Training on an optical Processor via Direct Feedback Alignment

Artificial Neural Network Training on an Optical Processor v...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO EUROPE)

作者： Kilian Müller Julien Launay Iacopo Poli Matthew Filipovich Alessandro Capelli Daniel Hesslow Igor Carron Laurent Daudet Florent Krzakala Sylvain Gigan LightOn Paris France École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Information Learning and Physics lab. Lausanne Switzerland Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ENS-Universite PSL CNRS Sorbonne Universite College de France Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are habitually trained via the back-propagation (BP) algorithm. This approach has been extremely successful: Current models like GPT-3 have O(10 11 ) parameters, are trained on O(10 11 ) words and produce awe-inspiring results. However, there are good reasons to look for alternative training methods: With current algorithms and hardware constraints sometimes only half the available computing power is actually used. This is due to a complicated interplay between the size of the ANN, the available memory, throughput limitations of interconnects, the architecture of the network of computers, and the training algorithm. Training a model like the aforementioned GPT-3 takes months and costs millions. A different training paradigm, which could make clever use of specialized hardware, may train large ANNs more efficiently.

关键词： Neural networks optical neural systems optical signal processing devices

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Quantum key distribution over 100 km of underwater optical fiber assisted by a fast-gated single-photon detector

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第4期20卷 044052-044052页

作者： Domenico Ribezzo Mujtaba Zahidy Gianmarco Lemmi Antoine Petitjean Claudia De Lazzari Ilaria Vagniluca Enrico Conca Alberto Tosi Tommaso Occhipinti Leif K. Oxenløwe André Xuereb Davide Bacco Alessandro Zavatta Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO) Firenze 50125 Italy Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy Centre of Excellence for Silicon Photonics for Optical Communications (SPOC) Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark QTI S.r.l. Firenze 50125 Italy Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milano 20133 Italy Center for Silicon Photonics for Optical Communication (SPOC) Department of Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Department of Physics University of Malta Msida MSD 2080 Malta Merqury Cybersecurity Limited Malta Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy

Nowadays quantum key distribution (QKD) represents the most mature quantum technology, and multiple countries as well as private institutions are building their quantum network. However, QKD devices are still far from representing a product within everyone’s reach. Indeed, limitations in terms of compatibility with existing telecom infrastructure and limited performances in terms of secret key rate, using noncryogenic detection systems, are still critical. In this work, we implemented a quantum key distribution link between Sicily (Italy) and Malta utilizing two different single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors. The performances of a standard commercial SPAD have been compared with the results achieved with an alternative prototype of fast-gated system in a package (SIP) SPAD; the SIP detector has shown to be able to accomplish a 14 times higher key rate compared with the commercial device over the channel showing 20 dB of losses.

关键词： optical quantum information processing Optoelectronics Photonics Quantum communication Quantum cryptography optical fibers Photodiodes Single-photon detectors

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