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检索条件"任意字段=Algorithms and Systems for Optical Information Processing VI"

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Digital Image processing and visual Communications Technologies in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

Digital Image Processing and Visual Communications Technolog...

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Digital Image processing and visual Communications Technologies in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

作者： Janota, Paul Analytic Sciences Corp

The proceedings contains 17 papers. The papers were presented in 2 sessions. Session 1 dealt primarily with techniques and algorithms for extracting information from multisource and/or multispectral imagery. Session 2 was focused on systems (e.g. workstations) and was more of a hybrid in that the topics ranged from color enhancements for color-vision-impaired users to imagery analysis on a massively parallel supercomputer. This session also included papers on realistic scene simulation, which is a topic gaining importance due to the growing number of applications for simulators in training and operational readiness in the military. The power of modern PCs as workstations for real-time display, and hypermedia concepts for image analysis stations were also presented.

关键词： Image processing

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A class of decision policies for optical disc access and dynamic memory management during user interaction

A class of decision policies for optical disc access and dyn...

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作者： Rebane, George Jerry University of California Los Angeles

学位级别：Ph.D.

This thesis presents the results of research to improve the response time of multi-media, mass (optical) memory interactive systems. In these systems user-perceived latencies result from the collaboration of many factors inherent to magnetic and optical disc technologies, current operating systems, and the (lack of) information now provided during the dialog design process. The work offers a theoretical and algorithmic basis for reducing these latencies through a set of optical disc access and dynamic memory (RAM) management policies which can be implemented in the interactive control software. These policies are supported by new extensions to the dialog design formalism and are based on representing dialog structures as directed cyclic graphs. Specifically, estimates of a priori branching probabilities and user dwell time provided by the designer (and later verified by field data) are used to determine the runtime pre-fetch policy. As a near-optimal solution to the Look-Ahead processing (LAP) problem, the pre-computed policies take advantage of the relatively large intervals of time usually available to the computer during human-computer interaction. The LAP problem belongs to the class of large combinatorial problems. It is cast as a stochastic anticipatory knapsack problem the solution to which entails a stochastic optimization with an embedded deterministic optimization of competing tours over a complete graph. The post-branch (deterministic) solution is shown to belong to a family of interrupted Hamilton cycles which are discovered by means of the Minimum Read Cycle and the Greedy Gain algorithms. The procedure yields optimal read policies for known files stored in arbitrary (fragmented and overlapped) configurations on discs. The look-ahead (stochastic) solution takes a probabilistic approach based on the theory of genetic algorithms. The developed Generative Monotone Construction Algorithm probabilistically generates near-optimal pre-branch read policies from

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TRACKING CELLULAR-FEATURES USING MOTION CONSTRAINTS AND GLOBAL information

TRACKING CELLULAR-FEATURES USING MOTION CONSTRAINTS AND GLOB...

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CONF ON BIOIMAGING AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECTROSCOPY

作者： LIFSHITZ, L FAY, F GILBERT, S FOGARTY, K CARRINGTON, W Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940246X

This paper discusses research directions and results from a multidisciplinary effort to develop feature extraction tools for analysis of the changes in molecular distribution during cell movement. This work is part of a broader effort directed at developing hardware for a new digital imaging microscope, as well as image restoration algorithms which precede the extraction steps, making them simpler. New voxel based display techniques are also being developed for improved visualization of the two and three dimensional data sets. The most complete feature extraction algorithm developed so far analyzes a time sequence of two-dimensional phase contrast images of newt eosinophilic granulocytes (white blood cells). It tracks a moving cell and also identifies the lamellipods of the cell. This allows the extraction of quantitative information relating cell motility to lamellipod formation. The algorithm finds the cell by finding those pixels in the image which belong to the boundary of the cell . Potential boundary pixels are identified by locating intensity changes due to the phase contrast halo surrounding the cell. While most boundary based image segmentation algorthms form a closed boundary by moving from a starting boundary pixel along a path which locally or globally optimizes a cost function our algorithm does not trace a path from a starting point and does not minimize a cost function. Instead, we close the boundary by examining the geometrical and topological relationships among potential boundary pixels. Gaps in the boundary are closed by connecting gap points to the "closest" boundary point. "Close" is determined by a distance metric which combines Euclidean and other types of geometric information about the boundary pixels already found The position of the cell in the previous image is used both to constrain the location of the cell in the image being examined and to insure that the boundary eventually found is indeed closed.

关键词： Algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Phase contrast Spectroscopy Blood Image analysis Analytical research Image processing algorithms and systems Image segmentation Feature extraction

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PIGMENT PATTERN AND DEPTH OF INVASION ANALYSIS OF SKIN-LESIONS FOR MALIGNANT-MELANOMA DETECTION 4

PIGMENT PATTERN AND DEPTH OF INVASION ANALYSIS OF SKIN-LESIO...

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CONF ON MEDICAL IMAGING 4 : IMAGE information

作者： DHAWAN, AP KINI, P Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819402753

A clinical instrument called a "Nevoscope" is used to image skin-lesions. The lesion is transilluminated by a fiber-optic annular ring light source that directs light into the skin area surrounding the lesion and thus forming a virtual source just beneath the lesion. Mirrors uniformly spaced around the lesion and tilted at various angles, provide orthographic projections of the skin lesion. Additional views are obtained by rotating the mirror assembly. These multiple views are used in a direct 3-D reconstruction of the lesion to estimate its depth of penetration. A pigment pattern analysis is performed on the direct view. This includes both color and texture segmentation. In this paper, we present preliminary results of our 3-D reconstruction and pigment pattern analyses of some lesions.

关键词： Image segmentation Skin Mirrors Melanoma Medical imaging Image acquisition Image processing algorithms and systems 3D image processing Fiber optics Image analysis

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TACTICAL IMAGING-SYSTEM

TACTICAL IMAGING-SYSTEM

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13TH AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE CONF

作者： MOCENTER, M Naval Air Development Center (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819401927

The ability to send photographic information to command centers is a vital element in performing effective near real-time reconnaissance and surveillance operations. This imagery, in conjunction with other battlefield data, provides the battlefield commander with up-to-date intelligence for making decisions. Until recently, the ability to provide this real-time information was severely restricted by the logistics of physically moving, developing, and then disseminating the film. This time delay resulted in out-of-date, stale intelligence. This problem situation has eased recently due to technological developments that have been instrumental in facilitating the dissemination of near real-time information to forward operating areas and behind enemy lines. The Naval Air Development Center (NAVAIRDEVCEN) has capitalized on these developments and established the Tactical Imaging System (TIS). This miniaturized, man-pack, SATCOM/HF transmitting system provides near real-time tactical imagery. It consists of an image sensor, image intensifier, zoom lens, and image transmission processor. This paper provides an overview of the TIS components, specifications, operations, and future developments and applications. The TIS will have potential application in areas such as identification (friend or foe), reconnaissance, surveillance, and battlefield assessment. Under the TIS program, NAVAIRDEVCEN has developed hands-on experience in still video images and related technologies, including fleet satellite communications, HF transmission, image compression algorithms, VSLI integrated circuitry design, and day/night imagery techniques. NAVAIRDEVCEN has developed a complete, miniaturized system to conduct operational demonstrations, and to demonstrate operational tactics and utilization concepts. This paper provides an overview of the TIS components, specifications, operations, and future developments and applications.

关键词： video Image processing Imaging systems video processing Analog electronics Airborne reconnaissance Image intensifiers Image sensors Reconnaissance Surveillance

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A comparison of the optical projection lithography simulators in sample and prolith

A comparison of the optical projection lithography simulator...

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Dry processing for Submicrometer Lithography 1989

作者： Crisalle, O.D. Keifling, S.R. Seborg, D.E. Mellichamp, D.A. Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

SAMPLE and PROLITH are two computer programs widely available for simulating the optical projection photolithography process. Both programs use a combination of physical and empirical models to determine the profile in a developed resist given various imaging, exposure, and development data. Although both programs perform basically the same functions, they rely on different models and numerical algorithms for the calculation of aerial and latent images, and differ in the method adopted for propagating the development front A notable difference to the user is that the programs also use different development-rate models. This paper documents algorithmic details not available in the open literature on these programs, and presents simulation results of representative lithography systems to illustrate differences and similarities in the developed photoresist profiles and in relevant intermediate steps. Numerical comparison demonstrates that aerial images calculated by SAMPLE and PROLITH are in generally good agreement. It is found that resist cross-sectional profiles produced by the programs at high numerical resolution provide the same qualitative lithography information for representative systems;however, a significant disagreement is found in the output of the post-exposure bake algorithms since SAMPLE predicts much lower standing-wave amplitude attenuation effects. It is argued that the dissimilar development-rate models used by each simulator do not contribute significantly to differences observed in the cross-sectional profile output. A noteworthy difference is that PROLITH is capable of predicting the asymmetric behavior observed in experimental data relating critical dimensions to defocus, whereas SAMPLE predicts completely symmetric behavior. The band algorithm used in SAMPLE for the calculation of linewidths is found to be an adequate method for estimating critical dimensions. © 1990 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antennas

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PROTOTYPE OF IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL IMAGES

PROTOTYPE OF IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL IMAGES

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CONF ON MEDICAL IMAGING 4 : PACS SYSTEM DESIGN AND EVALUATION

作者： NAKAGAWA, Y YOSHITAKE, T OHTA, Y GOTOH, T YOSHIDA, M Fujitsu Labs. Ltd. (Japan)

ISBN: (纸本)0819402788

We previously developed an image reconstruction display for reconstructing images compressed by our hybrid compression algorithm. The hybrid algorithm, which improves image quality, applies Discrete Cosine Transform coding (DCT) and Block Truncation Coding (BTC) adaptively to an image, according to its local properties. This reconstruction display receives the compressed data from the host computer through a BMC channel and quickly reconstructs good quality images using a pipeline-based microprocessor. This paper describes a prototype of a system for compression and reconstruction of medical images. It also describes the architecture of the image compression processor, one of the components of the system. This system consists of the image compression processor, a host main-frame computer and reconstruction displays. Under this system, distributed processing in the image compression processor and the image reconstruction displays reduces the load on the host computer, and supplies an environment where the control routines for PACS and the hospital information system (HIS) can co-operate. The compression processor consists of a maximum of four parallel compression units with communication ports. In this architecture, the hybrid algorithm, which includes serial operations, can be processed at high speed by communicating the internal data. In experiments, the compression system proved effective: the compression processor compressed a 1k x 1k image in about 2 seconds using four compression units. The three reconstruction displays showed the image at almost the same time. Display took less than 7 seconds for the compressed image, compared with 28 seconds for the original image.

关键词： Image compression Image processing Medical imaging Computing systems Reconstruction algorithms Digital signal processing Image quality Image restoration Picture Archiving and Communication System Imaging systems

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Simple stretching and compression algorithm using lagrange's polynomials

Simple stretching and compression algorithm using lagrange's...

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Applications of Digital Image processing XIII

作者： Ramirez, Alfredo J. Memphis State Univ Memphis United States

Most implementations of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms available in software packages and libraries require the number of points on the input to be an integral power of two. However, most digital images, especially those obtained in PC based systems, will seldom meet this requirement. This paper will present a simple computational technique to adjust image dimensions to an appropriate size. Non-linear polynomials are used as the basis for the scheme. The derivation of the basic interpolation functions is presented and a basic three by three mask is obtained. Observations regarding properties of image and mask are made which lead to the reduction of the mask to a three by one. An optimal procedure for utilizing the mask is also presented.

关键词： information Theory

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Effect of noise and MTF on the compressibility of high resolution color images

Effect of noise and MTF on the compressibility of high resol...

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Image processing algorithms and Techniques

作者： Melnychuck, Paul W. Barry, Michael J. Mathieu, Michael S. Eastman Kodak Co Rochester United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819402915

There are an increasing number of digital image processing systems that employ photographic image capture;that is, a color photographic negative or transparency is digitally scanned, compressed, and stored or transmitted for further use. To capture the information content that a photographic color negative is capable of delivering, it must be scanned at a pixel resolution of at least 50 pixels/mm. This type of high quality imagery presents certain problems and opportunities in image coding that are not present in lower resolution systems. Firstly, photographic granularity increases the entropy of a scanned negative, limiting the extent to which entropy encoding can compress the scanned record. Secondly, any MTF-related chemical enhancement that is incorporated into a film tends to reduce the pixel-to-pixel correlation that most compression schemes attempt to exploit. This study examines the effect of noise and MTF on the compressibility of scanned photographic images by establishing experimental information theoretic bounds. Images used for this study were corrupted with noise via a computer model of photographic grain and an MTF model of blur and chemical edge enhancement. The measured bounds are expressed in terms of the entropy of a variety of decomposed image records (e.g., DPCM predictor error) for a zeroeth-order Markov-based entropy encoder, and for a context model used by the Q-coder. The results show that the entropy of the DPCM predictor error is 3-5 bits/pixel, illustrating a 2 bits/pixel difference between an ideal grain-free case, and a grainly film case. This suggests that an ideal noise filtering algorithm could lower the bitrate by as much as 50%.

关键词： Image processing

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Design of a multi-function video decoder based on a motion-compensated predictive. Interpolative coder

Design of a multi-function video decoder based on a motion-c...

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visual Communications and Image processing '90

作者： Yang, Kun-Min Singhal, Sharad LeGall, Didier Bellcore Morristown United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819404217

It is now possible to encode VCR quality video and stereo audio at only 1.5 Mbit/s. In addition, standards have been defined for compressing full color still images and and teleconferencing video at bit rates of 64 to 1920 kbit/s. Finally there is great interest in the next generation of PCs which will incorporate multimedia displays and have capabilities to edit, store and transmit video and images over communication networks. Although the standards defined for video teleconferencing and those being defined for storage of video and images are different, they still have substantial parts that are common. In this paper, we describe the design of a multi-function decoder that is capable of decoding bit streams from the different encoders. By sharing functional modules that are common to the different algorithms, the decoder can cope with the different standards with only a minimal increase in complexity required over that needed for any one standard. In addition, it allows transparent display of video information coded at different frame rates and using different aspect ratios, thus facilitating exchange of information between NTSC and PAL-based systems as well as film material.

关键词： Signal processing

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