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information and computation: Classical and quantum aspects

Reviews of Modern Physics 2002年第2期74卷 347-347页

作者： A. Galindo M. A. Martín-Delgado Departamento de Fisica Teorica I Facultad de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain

quantum theory has found a new field of application in the realm of information and computation during recent years. This paper reviews how quantum physics allows information coding in classically unexpected and subtle nonlocal ways, as well as information processing with an efficiency largely surpassing that of the present and foreseeable classical computers. Some notable aspects of classical and quantum information theory will be addressed here. quantum teleportation, dense coding, and quantum cryptography are discussed as examples of the impact of quanta on the transmission of information. quantum logic gates and quantum algorithms are also discussed as instances of the improvement made possible in information processing by a quantum computer. Finally the authors provide some examples of current experimental realizations for quantum computers and future prospects.

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Fast invariant recognition for color 3D images based on Hurwitzon-valued moments and invariants

Fast invariant recognition for color 3D images based on Hurw...

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Conference on Wavelet and Independent Component Analysis Applications IX

作者： Labounets, V Labounets-Rundblad, E Astola, J Tampere Univ Technol Tampere Int Ctr Signal Proc FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)081944488X

There is currently a considerable interest in methods of invariant 3D image recognition. Indeed, very often information about 3D objects can be obtained by computer tomographic reconstruction, 3D magnetic resonance imaging, passive 3D sensors or active range finders. Due to that algorithms of systematic derivation of 3D moment invariants should be developed for 3D colour object recognition. In this work we proposed an elegant theory which allows to describe many such invariants. Our theory is based on the theory of triplet numbers and quaternions. We propose Hurwitzon valued invariants, which are related to the descriptions of objects as the zero sets of implicit polynomials. These are global invariants which show great promise for recognition of complicated objects. Hurwitzon-valued invariants have good discriminating power for computer recognition of 3D colour objects using statistical pattern recognition methods. For fast computation of Hurwitzon-valued invariants we us(, modular arithmetic of Galois fields and rings, which maps calculation of invariants to fast number theoretical Fourior-Galois-Hamilton transform.

关键词： 3D image processing RGB color model Atrial fibrillation Vector spaces Algorithm development Colorimetry quantum efficiency Detection and tracking algorithms Pattern recognition Sensors

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The realization of quantum complex-valued backpropagation neural network in pattern recognition problem

The realization of quantum complex-valued backpropagation ne...

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International Conference on Neural information processing

作者： J.L. Mitrpanont A. Srisuphab Department of Computer Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand

The paper presents the approach of the quantum complex-valued backpropagation neural network or QCBPN. The challenge of our research is the expected results from the development of the quantum neural network using complex-valued backpropagation learning algorithm to solve classification problems. The concept of QCBPN emerged from the quantum circuit neural network research and the complex-valued backpropagation algorithm. We found that complex value and the quantum states share some natural representation suitable for the parallel computation. The quantum circuit neural network provides a qubit-like neuron model based on quantum mechanics with quantum backpropagation-learning rule, while the complex-valued backpropagation algorithm modifies standard backpropagation algorithm to learn complex number pattern in a natural way. The quantum complex-valued neuron model and the QCBPN learning algorithm are described. Finally, the realization of the QCBPN is exploited with a simple pattern recognition problem.

关键词： Neural networks Intelligent networks Pattern recognition quantum computing Backpropagation algorithms Neurons quantum mechanics Computer networks Circuits Concurrent computing

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Arthur and Merlin in a quantum world

Arthur and Merlin in a quantum world

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Annual IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity

作者： J. Watrous Department of Computer Science University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada

Arthur does not have a lot of time to spend performing difficult computations. He's recently obtained a quantum computer, but often it seems not to help - he only has a few quantum algorithms, and Merlin maintains that there aren't any other interesting ones, so Merlin is forced to convince the untrusting Arthur of the truth of various facts. However, Arthur and Merlin have a new resource at their disposal: quantum information. Some relationships among complexity classes defined by quantum Arthur-Merlin games and other commonly studied complexity classes are known, but many open questions remain. In this paper, I discuss quantum Arthur-Merlin games in detail, with an emphasis on open problems.

关键词： quantum computing quantum entanglement Quadrature amplitude modulation Protocols Polynomials Computer science information processing Computational modeling Computational complexity

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Parallel solving symmetric eigenproblems

Parallel solving symmetric eigenproblems

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IEEE International Conference on algorithms and Architectures for Parallel processing (ICAP)

作者： Xing-qin Cao Xue-bin Chi Ming Gu Department of Computer Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Supercomputing Center Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy and Sciences Beijing China Department of Mathematics University of California Berkeley USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769515126

In this paper parallel solving symmetric eigenproblems, which include standard and generalized eigenvalue problems, is discussed. For standard eigenvalue problem and tridiagonal eigenvalue problem is not the key point. For symmetric-definite generalized eigenvalue problem, which arises in solving many actual application problems, we give a new parallel computational method for reducing the generalized eigenproblem to standard one. The parallel algorithm is fully considered in reducing the communications. The numerical measurement is given in SGI/Cray T3E and Hitachi SR2201. Some computational results are compared with ScaLAPACK.

关键词： Symmetric matrices Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Concurrent computing Physics computing quantum computing algorithms Standardization Computer science Computer networks Mathematics

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Evolutionary self-adaptive multimodel prediction algorithms of the fetal magnetocardiogram

Evolutionary self-adaptive multimodel prediction algorithms ...

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International Conference on Digital Signal processing (DSP)

作者： A.V. Adamopoulos P.A. Anninos S.D. Likothanassis G.N. Beligiannis L.V. Skarlas E.N. Demiris D. Papadopoulos Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics Laboratory of Pattern Recognition University of Patras Patras Greece Department of Medicine Medical Physics Laboratory Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece Computer Technology Institute Patras Greece

A novel technique for the analysis, nonlinear model identification and prediction of the fetal magnetocardiogram (f-MCG) is presented. f-MCGs can be recorded with the use of specific totally non-invasive superconductive quantum interference devices (SQUID). For the analysis and classification of the f-MCG signals we introduce an intelligent method that combines the following well known advanced signal processing techniques: the genetic algorithms (GA), the multimodel partitioning (MMP) theory and the extended Kalman filters (EKF). Simulations illustrate that the proposed method is selecting the correct model structure and identifies the model parameters in a sufficiently small number of iterations and tracks successfully changes in the signal, in real time. The information provided by the proposed analysis is easily interpreted and assessed by gynecologists and consist of the clinical status of the fetus. The proposed algorithm can be parallel implemented and also a VLSI implementation is feasible.

关键词： Prediction algorithms Signal processing algorithms Superconducting magnets Magnetic analysis Signal processing Predictive models Magnetic devices Superconductivity Interference SQUIDs

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On the distinction between entangled and separable states of quantum registers

On the distinction between entangled and separable states of...

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IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology

作者： P. Jorrand M. Mhalla Leibniz Laboratory Grenoble France

quantum computing operates in three stages: (i) preparation of the initial states of the n qubits of a register, (ii) step by step transformation of the state of this register by unitary operators which compose the quantum program, and (iii), measurement of all or some of the qubits of the register. The existence of quantum algorithms which are exponentially less complex than their classical counterparts for some classes of problems, stems from entangled states established by multi-qubit unitary operators within the quantum program. A register of n qubits is a quantum system composed of n quantum subsystems. The state |/spl psi/> of a quantum system composed of two quantum subsystems A and B is said to be entangled when |/spl psi/> is not reducible to a pair composed of a state |/spl psi/> of A and a state |/spl psi//sub B/> of B: such situations have no counterpart in the classical world. In quantum theory, such a pair of states is denoted by a tensor product: |/spl psi/> is entangled if it cannot be factorized into the tensor product |/spl psi//sub A/>/spl ominus/|/spl psi//sub B/>. This paper establishes conditions according to which it is possible to tell whether or not the state of a register of n qubits is entangled. The state of a single qubit is a vector /spl alpha/|0>+/spl beta/|1> of unit norm in a 2-dimensional vector space, where |0> and |1> are the two basis states and where a and are complex amplitudes. Then, if both A and B are qubits, the most general form of the state of a register composed of the 2 qubits A and B is also a vector of unit norm, but now in a 4-dimensional space: |/spl psi/>=/spl alpha/|00>+/spl beta/|01+/spl gamma/|10>+/spl sigma/|11>. It is straightforward to prove that |/spl psi/> can be factorized into |/spl psi//sub A/>/spl ominus/|/spl psi//sub B/> if and only if /spl alpha//spl delta/=/spl beta//spl gamma/. In such a case, |/spl psi/> is said to be separable, i.e. not entangled. This paper generalizes this form of condition to

关键词： quantum entanglement quantum computing Registers quantum mechanics Tensile stress information processing Laboratories Teleportation Cryptography Computer hacking

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Focus on quantum Cryptography

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New Journal of Physics 2002年第1期4卷

作者： Paul G Kwiat

In our modern era of telecommunications and the Internet, information has become a valuable commodity. Sometimes it must therefore be protected against theft - in this case, loss of secret information to an eavesdropper. Most of today's transactions are protected using encryption unproven to be secure against a computational attack by a classical computer and, in fact, the standardly used encryption algorithms are provably vulnerable to the mind-boggling parallelism of a quantum computer, should one ever be physically realized. Enter quantum cryptography. Underlying nearly all forms of encryption is the necessity for a truly secret key, a random string of zeros and ones; the basic notion of quantum cryptography is to employ single photon transmissions (or the closest attainable approximation to these) to distribute the random key material, while removing the threat of an undetected eavesdropper. Now, nearly twenty years since the seminal quantum cryptography paper by Bennett and Brassard (Bennett C H and Brassard G 1984 Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Computers, Systems, and Signal processing (Bangalore) (New York: IEEE) pp 175-9), we take a look at several state-of-the-art implementations, and glimpse how future quantum cryptosystems might look. We start with papers from three of the world's leading experimental quantum cryptography efforts: Stucki et al and Bethune and Risk describe working systems for quantum key distribution (QKD) over telecommunications fibres (at 1550 nanometres and 1300 nanometres, respectively). The former's achievement of quantum key exchange over 67 kilometres of optical fibre is a world record, as is the experimental demonstration by Hughes et al of daylight free-space QKD over a 10km atmospheric range. Next, Lütkenhaus and Jahma explore the possible vulnerabilities of such systems (which employ attenuated laser pulses instead of actual single photon states) to conceivable future eavesdropping technologies. Enzer et al have implemented a totally

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Toward quantum computation: A five-qubit quantum processor

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IEEE MICRO 2001年第2期21卷 24-34页

作者： Steffen, M Vandersypen, LMK Chuang, IL Stanford Univ Dept Elect Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA IBM Corp Almaden Res Ctr San Jose CA 95120 USA

quantum PHYSICS PRESENTS INTRIGUING POSSIBILITIES FOR ACHIEVING COMPUTATIONAL GAINS AFTER CONVENTIONAL MINIATURIZATION REACHES ITS LIMITS. ACCORDINGLY, WE DESCRIBE A NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE quantum COMPUTER DEMONST... 详细信息

关键词： quantum computing quantum mechanics Concurrent computing Physics computing Parallel processing Complexity theory Computational modeling Polynomials Distributed computing information processing

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quantum photonic informatics: an overview of theoretical development and implementation via integrated photonics

Quantum photonic informatics: an overview of theoretical dev...

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Conference on Photonics Technology in the 21st Century

作者： Binh, LN Monash Univ Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn Lab Opt Commun & Appl Photon Clayton Vic 3800 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)081944328X

quantum photonic informatics involves manipulation and processing of information at a photon energy level. The qu-bit with optical modes containing one photon energy is described and photonic gates representing its quantum states are given and expanded into quantum systems and networks for computing and information processing. Integrated photonic devices are proposed for implementation of the quantum gates and networks and case studies are examined for further expansion and implementation of quantum algorithms.

关键词： quantum computing quantum information processing integrated photonics integrated optics informatics

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