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Accelerating Falcon Post-quantum Digital Signature Algorithm on Graphic processing Units

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1963-1980页

作者： Seog Chung Seo Sang Woo An Dooho Choi Kookmin University Seoul02707Korea Telecommunications Technology Association(TTA) Gyeonggi-do13591Korea Korea University Sejong30019Korea

Since 2016,the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)has been performing a competition to standardize post-quantum cryptography(PQC).Although Falcon has been selected in the competition as one of the standard PQC algorithms because of its advantages in short key and signature sizes,its performance overhead is larger than that of other lattice-based *** study presents multiple methodologies to accelerate the performance of Falcon using graphics processing units(GPUs)for server-side *** GPU porting significantly degrades performance because the Falcon reference codes require recursive functions in its sampling ***,an iterative sampling approach for efficient parallel processing is *** this study,the Falcon software applied a fine-grained execution model and reported the optimal number of threads in a thread ***,the polynomial multiplication performance was optimized by parallelizing the number-theoretic transform(NTT)-based polynomial multiplication and the fast Fourier transform(FFT)-based ***,dummy-based parallel execution methods have been introduced to handle the thread divergence *** presented Falcon software on RTX 3090 NVIDA GPU based on the proposed methods with Falcon-512 and Falcon-1024 parameters outperform at 35.14,28.84,and 34.64 times and 33.31,27.45,and 34.40 times,respectively,better than the central processing unit(CPU)reference implementation using Advanced Vector Extensions 2(AVX2)instructions on a Ryzen 95900X running at 3.7 GHz in key generation,signing,and verification,***,the proposed Falcon software can be used in servers managing multiple concurrent clients for efficient certificate verification and be used as an outsourced key generation and signature generation server for Signature as a Service(SaS).

关键词： DSA Falcon GPU CUDA software optimization

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Exploring Data as quantum Bits: Analysis of quantum Image Encoding Patterns for NISQ era

Exploring Data as Quantum Bits: Analysis of Quantum Image En...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on quantum Technologies, Communications, Computing, Hardware and Embedded Systems Security, iQ-CCHESS 2023

作者： Gopakumar, Parvathy Rubell Marion Lincy, G. Indian Institute of Information Technology Kottayam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kerala Pala Kottayam India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350314946

The generall efficiency of a computational system, be it simple or complex, presentation of the data plays a crucial role in getting the most out of it. Classical information theory, quantum mechanics, and computer science collectively influence quantum information in comprehending how information can be encoded, transmitted, and modified using quantum systems. quantum mechanics allows quantum information to incorporate a variety of properties, such as quantum encoding of classical information, storing coherent details in quantum superpositions, quantum computations and entanglement, which occurs when two or more qubits become highly correlated and share an unbreakable quantum state. There are numerous barriers and constraints in the broad field of quantum computation, ranging from dealing with Decoherence to ensuring error correction. Moreover, the qubit, a fundamental computational unit, is challenging to create, manipulate, and store. To ensure the quality of the quantum algorithms, the area of quantum data encoding has been thoroughly researched and explored as relevant results can be obtained by adequate encoding. In this paper, we reviewed the terminology and physical modeling of qubits, as well as the encoding approaches used to transform data from classical to quantum models. Furthermore, different encoding schemes for quantum Image processing were explored to determine the efficiency of quantum pixel representation(QPIXL) framework for effective application in NISQ era. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Qubits

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quantum Cloud with Communication, Computing, Caching, and Cipher (4C) Resource Coordination

Quantum Cloud with Communication, Computing, Caching, and Ci...

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27th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM)

作者： Zhu, Qingcheng Zhao, Yongli Yu, Xiaosong Zhang, Jie Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Informat Photon & Opt Commun Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783903176546

The cloud services requiring communication, computing and caching (3C) resources are supported by datacenter networks (DCNs). The service security is threatened due to the development of quantum computers. quantum key distribution (QKD) technology promises to share secret keys as cipher resources between remote users with information-theoretic security. The quantum cloud is illustrated which is realized by the QKD-secured cloud datacenter network. In the quantum cloud, the communication, computing, caching and cipher (4C) resources are provided for data transmission, processing, storing and encryption. To solve the newly emerged 4C resource coordination problem, a 4C-oriented control architecture is designed and the heuristic algorithms for securing service function chains are innovatively proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can achieve the great service success ratio performance compared with the baseline.

关键词： quantum cloud communication computing caching cipher quantum key distribution

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Secure encryption system based on quantum access network 4

Secure encryption system based on quantum access network

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Liu, Yuchao Wang, Tao Xu, Yuehan Zeng, Guihua State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Center of Quantum Sensing and Information Processing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai201315 China Hefei National Laboratory CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Hefei230026 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

quantum secure communication technology, grounded in the principles of quantum mechanics, has revolutionized traditional cryptographic methods, which predominantly rely on mathematical algorithms and logical transformations. quantum key distribution (QKD) facilitates the secure sharing of symmetric keys between legitimate parties, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of information in communication channels. Among various QKD schemes, continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has emerged as a viable alternative to the more established discrete variable quantum key distribution (DV-QKD). CV-QKD boasts several advantages, including straightforward deployment, reduced operational costs, and stable signal quality, positioning it as a significant component of the quantum communication *** noise stream cipher (QNSC) represents a technique that employs redundant data streams to encrypt plaintext. Notably, QNSC shares structural similarities with the optical path used in quantum key distribution, allowing for compatibility with existing QKD infrastructure. Furthermore, the keys generated through quantum key distribution ensure absolute security, enabling them to substitute the data streams produced by pseudo-random sequences traditionally used in classical encryption schemes. This substitution enhances the overall security framework of the quantum noise stream encryption *** quantum access network (QAN) extends quantum key distribution capabilities from point-to-point connections to point-to-multipoint configurations, thereby becoming an essential component of contemporary network architectures. By interlinking multiple end users with a network backbone, quantum access networks can seamlessly integrate with quantum key distribution protocols. This integration offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for user access to the *** experimental verifications have demonstrated the viability of downstream access networks,

关键词： quantum noise

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Hardware architecture for CRYSTALS-Kyber post-quantum cryptographic SHA-3 primitives 18

Hardware architecture for CRYSTALS-Kyber post-quantum crypto...

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18th International Conference on Ph.D Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)

作者： Dolmeta, Alessandra Martina, Maurizio Masera, Guido Politecn Torino Dept Elect & Telecommun Turin Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303209

Once powerful enough quantum computers become feasible, many of the regularly used cryptosystems will be completely useless. Thus, designing quantum-safe cryptosystems to replace current algorithms is more crucial than ever. This paper presents the hardware implementation of one of the fundamental building blocks of all post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms, which are PQC-primitives, having NIST-PQC-finalists CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm as a target. This work analyzes Keccak sponge function and the four SHA-3 algorithms used in CRYSTALS-Kyber, realizing the correct processing and handling of input information and integrating the four standards into one implementation for Kyber-III level of security. The synthesis results are provided for 65-nm technology, while Artix-7 XC7A75-3 is chosen as the implementation platform. The efficiency and the performance of the proposed architecture are compared in terms of area, frequency, clock cycles, and efficiency with the state-of-the-art.

关键词： Hardware Design FPGA ASIC PQC CRYSTALS-Kyber Cryptography

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A novel quantum color image steganography algorithm based on turtle shell and LSB

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quantum information processing 2022年第4期21卷 1-32页

作者： Wang, Meng-Xi Yang, Hong-Mei Jiang, Dong-Huan Yan, Bin Pan, Jeng-Shyang Liu, Tao Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Comp Sci & Engn Qingdao 266590 Shandong Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Math & Syst Sci Qingdao 266590 Shandong Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Elect & Informat Engn Qingdao 266590 Shandong Peoples R China

quantum image steganography has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The majority of existing algorithms do not simultaneously have excellent imperceptibility, high embedding capacity, and good security. Therefore, a novel quantum color image steganography scheme is researched based on turtle shell and least significant bit (LSB) replacement. Human vision system (HVS) model and check codes are introduced into the proposed scheme to improve visual quality and security. According to the theory that HVS has different sensitivities to various colors, two channels are randomly selected with different probabilities to hide secret information from the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels of each color carrier pixel. Grayscale values of the two chosen channels correspond to a point in the turtle shell-based reference matrix. Depending on whether the point is at the boundary of the reference matrix or not, the LSB substitution method or turtle shell algorithm is utilized to embed the secret information. Dedicated quantum circuits are presented to better describe the procedure of the novel scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and has superior performance in imperceptibility, embedding capacity, and security.

关键词： quantum image steganography Data hiding Turtle shell HVS LSB

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Universal Photonic quantum Gate by Cooper-pair-based Optical Nonlinearity

Universal Photonic Quantum Gate by Cooper-pair-based Optical...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023

作者： Bouscher, Shlomi Hayat, Alex Department of Electrical Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

quantum information processing (QIP) can provide exponential speed-up of various computational algorithms physically proven data security. Many realizations of QIP employ photons as qubits in applications such as cryptography [1], computing [2,3], and teleportation [4]. Despite their many uses, implementing photon-based quantum gates is extremely challenging due to the very weak photon-photon interaction in practical materials [5]. Lately, a field of superconducting optoelectronics emerged, investigating light-matter interaction in semiconductor-superconductor structures [6,7]. Such interactions were shown to result in novel processes based on strongly-enhanced optical nonlinearities, including spontaneous two-photon emission [8] and two-photon gain [9], enabling various aspects of QIP such as full Bell state analysis [10] and entangled-photon generation [11]. Nevertheless, a complete infrastructure for superconductor-based photonic quantum information processing requires quantum gate schemes, which have not been studied so far. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Photons

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quantum Technology Fueling the Next Generation Optical Communication: Challenges and Pathways 5th

Quantum Technology Fueling the Next Generation Optical Commu...

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5th EAI International Conference on Cognitive Computing and Cyber Physical Systems, IC4S 2024

作者： Venkateswara Rao, Ch. Pareek, Prakash Mishra, Jitendra K. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Ranchi Jharkhand834010 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vishnu Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Bhimavaram534202 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031770777

information transmission through light has attained significant advancements in the fields of both optical fiber communication (OFC) and optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. These advancements have been examined by numerous researchers by employing pioneering modulation schemes, adaptive optics, advanced signal processing algorithms, advancement in materials, and employing sophisticated network architectures for wide variety of applications such as: military;defense;healthcare;satellite;internet of things;and telecommunications. However, the primary factors which affecting the OFC systems are signal attenuation, dispersion, reliability, robustness, and security even though there exists a predominant development. In addition, atmospheric attenuation (due to absorption and scattering), turbulences, climate conditions (fog, rain, snow, dense fog etc,.), alignment and tracking, interference, range constraints, and security are the major challenges in OWC systems in spite of having advanced approaches from past few decades. Hence, these challenges are need to be addressed in order to achieve reliable and high-speed data transmission. This could be possible with the integration of OFC and OWC with emerging quantum communication technologies (quantum key distribution, quantum entanglement, quantum repeaters, quantum sensing, and quantum secured OWC links). Therefore, this work presents the recent advancements in the fields of OFC and OWC systems with the state-of-art-of techniques and approaches. The primary research challenges related to security, speed, range, capacity and adaptability of both OWC and OFC are outlined. In addition, the possible integration of these systems with quantum communication technologies and the recent progression have been outlined. Finally, the possibility of future research direction towards the quantum OFC, quantum OWC have been discussed for ensuring and revealing the full potential of quantum enhanced optical communication systems.

关键词： Adaptive optics

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Diagnosis, Prediction, and Risk Factor Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Disease using quantum Machine Learning Classifier

Diagnosis, Prediction, and Risk Factor Analysis of Multiple ...

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2025 International Conference on Pervasive Computational Technologies, ICPCT 2025

作者： Garg, Jyoti Wadhwa, Vaishali Mehta Kaur, Harminder Tiwari, Rohak Mittal, Vasu Sharma, Avinash Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to Be University Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg Ambala India Sharda University Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg UP Greater Noida India Rk Puram Dept. Comp. Sc New Delhi India Nsuit Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg New Delhi India Cec Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg Jhanjeri Mohali India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508685

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that affects the brain or central nervous system, which can result in issues with the optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis is thought to affect 2.8 million people. This research focuses on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis using quantum machine learning (QML) classifiers. Several models have been created utilizing various data sets, such as clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The quantum machine learning has emerged by the merging of classical machine learning and quantum information processing as a result of the superiority and advancement of quantum computing in various fields (such as encryption, machine learning, and healthcare). The experimental results present a comparative analysis of classical machine learning and quantum machine learning algorithms for the problem under consideration. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Limitations of Deep Learning for Inverse Problems on Digital Hardware

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON information THEORY 2023年第12期69卷 7887-7908页

作者： Boche, Holger Fono, Adalbert Kutyniok, Gitta Tech Univ Munich Inst Theoret Informat Technol D-80333 Munich Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum BMBF Res Hub 6G Life Excellence Cluster Cyber Secu D-44801 Bochum Germany Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol MCQST D-80799 Munich Germany Munich Quantum Valley MQV D-80807 Munich Germany Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen Dept Math D-80539 Munich Germany Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen Dept Math D-80539 Munich Germany Munich Ctr Machine Learning MCML D-80538 Munich Germany

Deep neural networks have seen tremendous success over the last years. Since the training is performed on digital hardware, in this paper, we analyze what actually can be computed on current hardware platforms modeled as Turing machines, which would lead to inherent restrictions of deep learning. For this, we focus on the class of inverse problems, which, in particular, encompasses any task to reconstruct data from measurements. We prove that finite-dimensional inverse problems are not Banach-Mazur computable for small relaxation parameters. Even more, our results introduce a lower bound on the accuracy that can be obtained algorithmically.

关键词： Neural networks Computational modeling Hardware Inverse problems Deep learning Approximation algorithms Task analysis Computing theory deep learning signal processing turing machine

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