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Post-quantum Delegated Proof of Luck for Blockchain Consensus Algorithm

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2024年第18期14卷 8394页

作者： Kim, Hyunjun Kim, Wonwoong Kang, Yeajun Kim, Hyunji Seo, Hwajeong Hansung Univ Div IT Convergence Engn Seoul 02876 South Korea

The advancements in quantum computing and the potential for polynomial-time solutions to traditional public key cryptography (i.e., Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC)) using Shor's algorithm pose a serious threat to the security of pre-quantum blockchain technologies. This paper proposes an efficient quantum-safe blockchain that incorporates new quantum-safe consensus algorithms. We integrate post-quantum signature schemes into the blockchain's transaction signing and verification processes to enhance resistance against quantum attacks. Specifically, we employ the Falcon signature scheme, which was selected during the NIST post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standardization process. Although the integration of the post-quantum signature scheme results in a reduction in the blockchain's transactions per second (TPSs), we introduce efficient approaches to mitigate this performance degradation. Our proposed post-quantum delegated proof of luck (PQ-DPoL) combines a proof of luck (PoL) mechanism with a delegated approach, ensuring quantum resistance, energy efficiency, and fairness in block generation. Experimental results demonstrate that while post-quantum cryptographic algorithms like Falcon introduce larger signature sizes and slower processing times, the PQ-DPoL algorithm effectively balances security and performance, providing a viable solution for secure blockchain operations in a post-quantum era.

关键词： post-quantum blockchain consensus algorithm quantum computing post-quantum cryptography

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Post-quantum cryptographic key distribution for autonomous systems operating in contested areas

Post-quantum cryptographic key distribution for autonomous s...

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Autonomous Systems: Sensors, processing, and Security for Ground, Air, Sea, and Space Vehicles and Infrastructure 2023

作者： Partridge, Michael Jain, Saloni Garrett, Michael Cambou, Bertrand School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems 1295 S. Knoles Dr. FlagstaffAZ86011 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510661974

ISBN: (纸本)9781510661967

The deployment of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms currently under standardization by NIST have the potential to mitigate quantum computer based attacks, which present a whole new range of cybersecurity challenges. We recognize post-quantum cryptography (PQC) key distribution, across autonomous systems operating in contested areas, as a particularly difficult problem to solve. Verifying the origin and integrity of mission instructions is of extreme importance, especially in the context of autonomous vehicles, missiles, and drones;the lack of which can enable opponents to leverage attacks effecting catastrophic damage to life, property, and strategy. This work proposes a protocol for controlled key distribution through the use of PQC algorithms, strengthened by fingerprints of embedded devices. With this framework, we can assure the origin and correctness of digital information sent to autonomous systems, and enforce that only authorized members can send instructions to these devices. This protocol replaces the deterministic, pseudo-random seed in these PQC protocols with a fingerprint derived from the physical disorder of the embedded device to enhance security and maintain the integrity of the system. We demonstrate how this system can be used to send instructions, verify the origin of the instructions upon receipt, and certify the integrity of the instruction packet received. We also discuss situations in which an attacker attempts to falsify information and how to detect that malicious action. We measure the quality and performance of this prototype system by measuring the latency and bit error rates. We demonstrate this prototype system using the CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM digital signature algorithm (DSA). © 2023 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum cryptography

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Homomorphic Encryption Based Privacy Protection Techniques for Cloud Computing 2

Homomorphic Encryption Based Privacy Protection Techniques f...

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2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing, Big Data Application and Software Engineering, CBASE 2023

作者： Wei, Tianxiang Lv, Zhenhao Jin, Ruihan Di, Wenkai Yang, Li Yang, Xiaoliang SSF IEU Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography Zhengzhou450001 China SSF IEU Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptograph Zhengzhou450001 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331448

In modern information technology, the rapid development of cloud computing has brought convenience and improved office efficiency for various fields and users. But it also brings up all kinds of data security issues. One of the prominent problems is the privacy and security issue, some of the cloud computing systems are not trustworthy, with all kinds of users' private data vulnerable to leakage and illegal tampering incidents, the privacy protection of cloud computing has attracted widespread attention. To face this problem, this article proposes a cloud computing privacy technique based on homomorphic encryption. Homomorphic encryption algorithms are encryption techniques with special properties that enable third parties to efficiently compute the ciphertext without decrypting it. This means that data can still be encrypted in the encrypted state to achieve computational processing, while using the corresponding state secret algorithms to ensure the non-repudiation of the data generated by the cloud computing servers, which substantially reduces the risk of data leakage while improving the efficiency of computing by cloud computing. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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quantum computation and simulation with vibrational modes of trapped ions

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第6期30卷 1-17页

作者： Wentao Chen Jaren Gan Jing-Ning Zhang Dzmitry Matuskevich Kihwan Kim Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 2117543 SingaporeSingapore Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of Physics National University of Singapore2 Science Drive 3117551 SingaporeSingapore

Vibrational degrees of freedom in trapped-ion systems have recently been gaining attention as a quantum resource,beyond the role as a mediator for entangling quantum operations on internal degrees of freedom,because of the large available Hilbert *** vibrational modes can be represented as quantum harmonic oscillators and thus offer a Hilbert space with infinite *** we review recent theoretical and experimental progress in the coherent manipulation of the vibrational modes,including bosonic encoding schemes in quantum information,reliable and efficient measurement techniques,and quantum operations that allow various quantum simulations and quantum computation *** describe experiments using the vibrational modes,including the preparation of non-classical states,molecular vibronic sampling,and applications in quantum *** finally discuss the potential prospects and challenges of trapped-ion vibrational-mode quantum information processing.

关键词： quantum computation quantum simulation trapped ions vibrational modes

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Sudden death of quantum advantage in correlation generations

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SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024年第47期10卷 eadr5002页

作者： Sun, Weixiao Wei, Fuchuan Shao, Yuguo Wei, Zhaohui Tsinghua Univ Inst Interdisciplinary Informat Sci Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Yau Math Sci Ctr Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Math Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Yanqi Lake Beijing Inst Math Sci & Applicat Beijing 101407 Peoples R China

quantum noise is one of the most profound obstacles to implementing large-scale quantum algorithms and schemes. In particular, the dynamical process by which quantum noise, varying in strength from 0 to critical levels, affects and destroys quantum advantage has not been well understood. Meanwhile, correlation generation serves as a precious theoretical model for information processing tasks, where quantum advantage can be precisely quantified. In this study, we show that this model provides valuable insights into the understanding of this dynamical process. We prove that, as the strength of quantum noise continuously increases from 0, the quantum advantage diminishes gradually and eventually vanishes. Unexpectedly, in some cases, we observe the phenomenon of a sudden death of quantum advantage: When the noise strength exceeds a certain threshold, the quantum advantage abruptly disappears from a substantial level. This phenomenon, once again, reveals the tremendous impact of noise on quantum information processing tasks.

关键词： quantum noise

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Synthesis of quantum circuits based on supervised learning and correlations

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quantum information processing 2024年第6期23卷 204-204页

作者： Allende, Carolina de Olivera, Andre Fonseca Buksman, Efrain Univ ORT Uruguay Cuareim 1451 Montevideo 11100 Uruguay

This work introduces the use of a variational quantum circuit in order to perform unitary decomposition of a quantum operator. By use of classical optimization techniques and exploiting correlations and entanglement, the variational quantum circuit is able to translate a wide range of quantum algorithms, including the Toffoli gate and random unitary. A case study is also presented, where this decomposition is used to decompose a unitary matrix arise from a classification task.

关键词： quantum circuit synthesis Unitary decomposition quantum neural network quantum correlations

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Predicting Gibbs-State Expectation Values with Pure Thermal Shadows

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PRX quantum 2023年第1期4卷 010305-010305页

作者： Luuk Coopmans Yuta Kikuchi Marcello Benedetti Quantinuum Partnership House Carlisle Place London SW1P 1BX United Kingdom Quantinuum K.K. Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube 3F 1-9-2 Otemachi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan

The preparation and computation of many properties of quantum Gibbs states is essential for algorithms such as quantum semidefinite programming and quantum Boltzmann machines. We propose a quantum algorithm that can predict M linear functions of an arbitrary Gibbs state with only O(log M) experimental measurements. Our main insight is that for sufficiently large systems we do not need to prepare the n-qubit mixed Gibbs state explicitly but, instead, we can evolve a random n-qubit pure state in imaginary time. The result then follows by constructing classical shadows of these random pure states. We propose a quantum circuit that implements this algorithm by using quantum signal processing for the imaginary time evolution. We numerically verify the efficiency of the algorithm by simulating the circuit for a ten-spin-1/2 XXZ-Heisenberg model. In addition, we show that the algorithm can be successfully employed as a subroutine for training an eight-qubit fully connected quantum Boltzmann machine.

关键词： quantum algorithms quantum computation quantum correlations in quantum information quantum gates quantum information processing quantum information theory quantum thermodynamics quantum tomography Thermal properties Thermal & statistical models

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QPROM: quantum Nanotechnology for Data Storage Using Programmable Read Only Memory 1st

QPROM: Quantum Nanotechnology for Data Storage Using Program...

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1st International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Emerging Technologies, MIET 2022

作者： Tabassum, Tamanna Akter, Fatema Uddin, Mohammed Nasir Jagannath University Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9783031346217

quantum computing has the features of parallel and fast processing capability that makes it unique from other conventional computing systems. It has various peculiar properties, like entanglement, that can be leveraged as a resource to build technology. It is a nanotechnology-based qubit programming where different types of electromagnetic interactions are performed for basic operations as qubits and process information as single photons by recreating the quantum state. quantum computers are more powerful than classical Turing machines because of their coherent superposition of states. quantum memories would make massive photonic quantum computing systems possible by allowing coherent manipulation, buffering, and retiming of photonic signals. Though traditional PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) is a slower memory, quantum computing enables the creation of new types of computers capable of operating with qubits as input states, increasing storage capacity. In this paper, a quantum-based PROM architecture is proposed using algorithms of quantum-based basic operations. © 2023, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

关键词： Memory architecture

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Structure and Features of the Software and information Environment of the HybriLIT Heterogeneous Platform 27th

Structure and Features of the Software and Information E...

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27th International Conference on Distributed Computer and Communication Networks, DCCN 2024

作者： Anikina, Anastasia Belyakov, Dmitry Bezhanyan, Tatevik Kirakosyan, Magrarit Kokorev, Aleksand Lyubimova, Maria Matveev, Mikhail Podgainy, Dmitry Rahmonova, Adiba Shadmehri, Sara Streltsova, Oksana Torosyan, Shushanik Vala, Martin Zuev, Maxim Meshcheryakov Laboratory of Information Technologies Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie 6 Moscow Region Dubna141980 Russia Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice Šrobárova 2 Košice041 80 Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031808524

The heterogeneous computing platform HybriLIT (MLIT JINR) is a multi-component system consisting of the "Govorun" supercomputer, education and testing polygon, network data storage systems, as well as a number of specialized services. The Platform is designed for application development, high-performance computing, data processing and storage. The Platform appears to be a fast developing system due to constant addition of new computing resources, data processing and storage systems, as well as specialized services based on new IT solutions and computing paradigms. Using the resources of the ecosystem for tasks of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and data analysis on high-performance computing (HPC) systems (ML/DL/HPC ecosystem), the polygon for quantum computing has been developed and is being developed to solve problems related to the development of quantum algorithms. In addition to that, an information service for radiobiological research project has been developed based on ML/DL methods for analyzing the behavior and pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system of small laboratory animals exposed to ionizing radiation. Moreover, HybriLIT platform provides resources for hosting Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) EventDisplay, Parametric Database and other services for the MPD NICA mega-science project. To carry out the calculations, the resources of the "Govorun" supercomputer were integrated into the DIRAC interware distributed system for performing computing tasks. The article presents a description of the software and information environment of the HybriLIT heterogeneous computing platform, and specialized services for solving JINR scientific and applied tasks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Supercomputers

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Polarization and Orbital Angular Momentum Encoded quantum Toffoli Gate Enabled by Diffractive Neural Networks

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第14期133卷 140601页

作者： Qianke Wang Dawei Lyu Jun Liu Jian Wang <a href="https://***/03c9ncn37">Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics</a> and School of Optical and Electronic Information <a href="https://***/00p991c53">Huazhong University of Science and Technology</a> Wuhan 430074 Hubei China and Optics Valley Laboratory Wuhan 430074 Hubei China.

Controlled quantum gates play a crucial role in enabling quantum universal operations by facilitating interactions between qubits. Direct implementation of three-qubit gates simplifies the design of quantum circuits, thereby being conducive to performing complex quantum algorithms. Here, we propose and present an experimental demonstration of a quantum Toffoli gate fully exploiting the polarization and orbital angular momentum of a single photon. The Toffoli gate is implemented using the polarized diffractive neural networks scheme, achieving a mean truth table visibility of 97.27±0.20%. We characterize the gate’s performance through quantum state tomography on 216 different input states and quantum process tomography, which yields a process fidelity of 94.05±0.02%. Our method offers a novel approach for realizing the Toffoli gate without requiring exponential optical elements while maintaining extensibility to the implementation of other three-qubit gates.

关键词： Interference & diffraction of light Machine learning Optical quantum information processing quantum algorithms & computation quantum gates quantum states of light Artificial neural networks

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