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applied computing 2004 - proceedings of the 2004 acm symposium on applied computing

作者： Carswell, James D. Gardiner, Keith Neumann, Marco Digital Media Centre Dublin Institute of Technology Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138122

Advances in spatially enabled semantic computing can provide situation aware assistance for mobile users. This intelligent and context-aware technology presents the right information at the right time, place and situation by exploiting semantically referenced data for knowledge discovery. The system takes advantage of new metadata standards to enable semantic, user, and device adapted transactions on multimedia datasets. Information accessed in the past and the activities planned by the user, the situation dependencies (e.g. location) of these activities are used to infer future information requirements. The focus of this paper describes an application of the above functionalities for performing mobile context-aware queries and updating of a multimedia spatial database of cultural heritage artifacts concerning early 20th century Dublin. It aims to exploit current consumer trends in mobile device usage by opening new markets for the increasing number of visitors to Dublin's streets. An on-going development of this technology, the project MoCHA (Mobile Cultural Heritage Adventures), will allow the mobile cultural heritage consumer to explore a personally tailored view of Dublin's treasured artefacts, historical events and districts in an interactive and intuitive way directly on their spatially enabled PDA.

关键词： Mobile computing

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Efficient management of XML contents over wireless environment by Xstream 04

Efficient management of XML contents over wireless environme...

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applied computing 2004 - proceedings of the 2004 acm symposium on applied computing

作者： Wong, Eugene Y.C. Chan, Alvin T.S. Leong, Hong-Va Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138122

In this paper we investigated the issues pertaining to streaming generalized XML documents over the wireless environment. We highlight the disadvantages of employing existing approach to fragment and manage the transfer of XML contents across a wireless environment. In particular, existing approach of fragmenting data takes no consideration of the structure and semantics of the XML data. Also, using the connection-oriented transport protocol, such as TCP, will result in lower throughput due to the head-of-line blocking and inefficient error control mechanisms operating in an error-prone environment. We proposed Xstream to focus on the flexible management of XML data operating over the wireless environment. Xstream leverages the structural characteristics of XML documents to fragment XML contents into autonomous units called Xstream Data Unit (XDU). Also, it incrementally sends fragments over a wireless link and performs look-ahead processing of the document. This facilitates the efficient use of scarce bandwidth, In this paper we describe the Xstream framework and the techniques involved. A complete deployment and setup of Xstream is discussed and the empirical performances are evaluated to verify the benefits of streaming XML documents using Xstream.

关键词： Wireless telecommunication systems

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An architecture for information retrieval over semi-collaborating peer-to-peer networks 04

An architecture for information retrieval over semi-collabor...

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applied computing 2004 - proceedings of the 2004 acm symposium on applied computing

作者： Klampanos, Iraklis A. Jose, Joemon M. Department of Computing Science University of Glasgow United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138122

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking is aimed at exploiting the potential of widely distributed information pools and its effortless access and retrieval irrespectively of underlying networking protocols, operating systems or devices. However, prohibiting limitations have been identified and perhaps the most important one is the successful location of relevant information sources and the efficient query routing in large, highly distributed P2P networks. In this paper, a novel, cluster-based architecture for IR over P2P networks is presented and its evaluation is focused on retrieval effectiveness. We reason in favour of using clustering for P2P IR, by considering two fundamental hypotheses drawn from current P2P file-sharing systems. We also study the potential usefulness of a simplified version of Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory of evidence combination for results fusion in the network. We simulated the IR behaviour of the system by using the TREC 6 and 7 ad-hoc track. The proposed architecture bears very promising results in terms of precision and recall.

关键词： Information retrieval

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Potential prevention of medical errors in casualty surgery by using information technology 04

Potential prevention of medical errors in casualty surgery b...

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applied computing 2004 - proceedings of the 2004 acm symposium on applied computing

作者： Blaser, R. Schnabel, M. Mann, D. Jancke, P. Kuhn, K.A. Lenz, R. Institute of Medical Informatics Philipps-University Medical Center 35033 Marburg Germany Clinic for Casualty Surgery Philipps-University Medical Center 35033 Marburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138122

Recent studies on adverse events in medicine have shown that errors in medicine are not rare and may cause severe harm. Quality problems in discharge letters may be a source of medical error. We have analyzed 150 discharge letters of an outpatient clinic for casualty surgery in order to identify and to classify typical mistakes. A Failure Mode and Effect Analysis has been initiated in order to estimate the risk associated with different failure types. Possible IT solutions to prevent the identified problems have been assessed, focusing on expected effects and on feasibility. Our analyses have shown that there is a need to improve the quality of discharge letters, and that IT support based on the frequency and severity of certain error types has a good potential. We plan to introduce both pre-structured discharge letters and reminders in order to prevent the observed errors. They could improve both documentation quality and, if used during the patient visit, quality of treatment. Moreover, they could produce training effects on less experienced physicians. To be able to rapidly integrate such an adapted IT support into a comprehensive Healthcare Information System (HIS), it is important to establish a responsive IT infrastructure.

关键词： Medical computing

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The combinatorial approach yields an NC algorithm for computing Pfaffians

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DISCRETE applied MATHEMATICS 2004年第1-3期143卷 1-16页

作者： Mahajan, M Subramanya, PR Vinay, V Inst Math Sci Madras 600113 Tamil Nadu India Indian Inst Sci Dept Comp Sci & Automat Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

The Pfaffian of an oriented graph is closely linked to perfect matching. It is also naturally related to the determinant of an appropriately defined matrix. This relation between Pfaffian and determinant is usually exploited to give a fast algorithm for computing Pfaffians. We present the first NC algorithm for computing the Pfaffian. (Previous determinant-based methods computed it in NC only up to the correct sign, while previous polynomial-time algorithms did not lend themselves to parallelization.) Our algorithm is completely combinatorial in nature. Furthermore, it is division-free and works over arbitrary commutative rings. Over integers, we show that it can be implemented in the complexity class GapL. This upper bound was not known before, and establishes that computing the Pfaffian for integer skew-symmetric matrices is complete for GapL. Our proof techniques generalize the recent combinatorial characterization of determinant proceedings of the Eighth Annual acm-SIAM symposium o Discrete Algorithms, SODA, 1997, 730. As a corollary, we show that under reasonable encodings of a planar graph, Kasteleyn's algorithm [Graph Theory and Theoretical Physics, Academic Press, New York, 1967, 43] for counting the number of perfect matchings in a planar graph is also in GapL. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pfaffian matching combinatorics algorithm NC

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BioMap: Toward the development of a knowledge base of biomedical literature

BioMap: Toward the development of a knowledge base of biomed...

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applied computing 2004 - proceedings of the 2004 acm symposium on applied computing

作者： Kumar, Kamal Palakal, Mathew J. Mukhopadhyay, Snehasis Stephens, Mathew J. Li, Huian Department of Computer Science Indiana University Purdue University 723 W. Michigan St. SL 280 Indianapolis IN 46202 Center for Medical Genomics Indiana University School of Medicine 1345 W. 16th Street Indianapolis IN 46202 Research and Academic Computing Indiana University Purdue University 723 W. Michigan St. ET 012 Indianapolis IN 46202

Biological literature databases continue to grow rapidly with vital information that is important for conducting sound biomedical research. As data and information space continue to grow exponentially, the need for rapidly surveying the published literature, synthesizing, and discovering the embedded "knowledge" is becoming critical to allow the researchers to conduct "informed" work, avoid repetition, and generate new hypotheses. Knowledge, in this case, is defined as one-to-many and many-to-many relationships among biological entities such as gene, protein, drug, disease, etc. The knowledge discovery process basically involves identification of biological object names, reference resolution, ontology and synonym discovery, and finally extracting object-object relationships. The overall goal of this work is to investigate and develop a complete knowledge base, called BioMap, using the entire MEDLINE collection of (over 12 million) bibliographic citations and author abstracts from over 4600 biomedical journals worldwide and to develop an interactive knowledge network for users to access this secondary knowledge (BioMap) along with its primary databases such as the MEDLINE. In this paper we present the organization of a distributed database system to maintain the knowledge base of BioMap and some preliminary results on biological object name identification problem based on an initial set of 30,000 MEDLINE abstracts.

关键词： Knowledge based systems

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proceedings - 1st symposium on applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, APGV 2004

Proceedings - 1st Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphic...

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proceedings - 1st symposium on applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, APGV 2004

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

The proceedings contain 45 papers from the 1st symposium on applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, APGV 2004. The topics discussed include: recalibration of rotational locomotion in immersive virtual environments;distance perception in real and virtual environments;vision realistic rendering: simulation of the scanned foveal image from wavefront data on human subjects;enhancing perceived depth in images via artistic matting;selective rendering of task related scenes;effective color coding of menu design for movie genres;observations of visual and audio coaching methods in a virtual laparoscopic training environment;selective rendering of task related sceness and causes of depth perception errors.

关键词： Virtual reality

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The effects of head-mounted display mechanics on distance judgments in virtual environments 04

The effects of head-mounted display mechanics on distance ju...

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proceedings - 1st symposium on applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Willemsen, Peter Colton, Mark B. Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. Thompson, William B. School of Computing University of Utah United States Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah United States Dept. of Psychology University of Utah United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

In virtual environments that use head-mounted displays (HMD), distance judgments to targets on the ground are compressed, at least when indicated through visually-directed walking tasks. The same tasks performed in the real world yield veridical results over distances ranging from 2m to 25m. This paper describes experiments aimed at determining if mechanical aspects of HMDs such as mass and moments of inertia are responsible for the apparent distortion of distance. Our results indicate that the mechanical aspects of HMDs cannot explain the full magnitude of distance underestimation seen in HMD-based virtual environments, though they may account for a portion of the effect.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Throwing vs. walking as indicators of distance perception in real and virtual environments 04

Throwing vs. walking as indicators of distance perception in...

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proceedings - 1st symposium on applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Sahm, Cynthia S. Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. Thompson, William B. Willemsen, Peter Department of Psychology University of Utah United States School of Computing University of Utah United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

The influence of the response measure, rather than perceptual variables, on absolute distance perception in real and virtual environments (VE) were examined. Two environments such as a real and virtual hallway and two measures such as throwing and walking in a mixed between- and within- subject design were used for examination. It was found that both throwing and walking measures were compressed in the VE but accurate in the real world. Results demonstrated that two different visually directed actions showed similar results in real and virtual environments. It was suggested that distance compression found in VEs could be the result of a general perceptual bias rather than specific to the response measure.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Ubiquitous computing design principles: Supporting human-human and human-computer transactions

Ubiquitous computing design principles: Supporting human-hum...

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Conference on Human Factors in computing Systems, CHI EA 2004

作者： Salvador, Tony Barile, Steve Sherry, John Intel Corporation 2111 NE 25th Ave. Hillsboro OR 97229 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581137036

In this paper, we discuss the results from ethnographic and informance work related to transactions in retail settings as related to the design of interactive ubiquitous computing systems. We find that - for practical considerations of design and implementation - transactions can be represented as balanced exchanges in the context of a trust relationship. We've proposed that such exchanges become trusted - and that trust must be accommodated - through at least three characteristics of social systems as applied to transactions: accountability, real-time inspectability and the capacity to exercise recourse. In this paper, we extend further recent work on designing for accountability (Eriksén, 2002). We suggest that ubiquitous computing technologies applied to transactions in general and, retail transactions more specifically, need to explicitly consider these characteristics in their design to support trusted, balanced exchanges. © 2004 acm.

关键词： Ubiquitous computing

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