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A Hardware architecture Design for High-Speed Vessel Orientation Recognition

IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 155287-155294页

作者： Han, Dongjun Xu, Ming Wu, Yuhang Zhou, Fuhui Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Dept Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

Vascular orientation recognition (VOR) holds widespread applications in biomedical domains such as vascular image processing. Although many methods based on deep learning (DL) running on CPUs have been proposed and achieved appreciable results, they encounter a speed bottleneck. Therefore, an FPGA-based hardware design scheme is proposed in this paper to achieve high-speed VOR using small circuits. The design employs a streaming processing.method for image thresholding and replaces static lookup tables (LUT) with the CORDIC algorithm to reduce resource consumption. Additionally, further compression of the angle mapping range is employed to achieve superior hardware resource optimization. Compared to purely software solutions, experimental results obtained with the simulated and actual vascular images demonstrate a 12.9x computational acceleration employing the proposed scheme. Moreover, the proposed scheme, in contrast to hardware implementations based on Lookup Table and Function Approximation, reduces LUT resource consumption by over 60%. Compared with two previous CORDIC algorithm studies, the proposed algorithm achieves a 14.6% and 20.5% reduction in LUT resource usage, thus showing enormous potential in real-time medical devices for tracking and computation of main vascular trajectory.

关键词： Hardware Real-time systems Field programmable gate arrays Computer architecture image analysis Approximation algorithms Optimization image edge detection Feature extraction Accuracy Biomedical monitoring Circulatory system Medical image processing vascular orientation recognition improved CORDIC algorithm

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Review-material degradation assessed by digital image processing.Fundamentals,progresses,and challenges

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第18期52卷 146-162页

作者： Da-Hai Xia Shizhe Song Lei Tao Zhenbo Qin Zhong Wu Zhiming Gao Jihui Wang Wenbin Hu Yashar Behnamian Jing-Li Luo Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin 300354China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research&Design Institute Co.Ltd Tianjin 300131China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 1H9Canada

Material degradation is accompanied by the changes in surface structure,morphology,and *** changes can be recorded by a variety of image acquisition devices that export digital images in grayscale or true color to a *** regarding corrosion type and extent can be extracted with image processing.*** paper provides a comprehensive review of material degradation assessed by digital image *** image processing.systems used to assess material degradation are briefly reviewed,and the algorithms developed to process metallic materials degradation images are *** and electrochemical methods that can be used to support digital image processing.results are summarized,and future work that will augment the present methods of evaluating material degradation are discussed.

关键词： image processing Material degradation Corrosion Pitting Fuzzy K-S entropy

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Filtering of point clouds acquired by mobile laser scanner for digital terrain model generation in densely vegetated green architectures

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PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORD 2025年第189期40卷

作者： Nardinocchi, Carla Esposito, Salvatore Sapienza Univ Rome DICEA Rome Italy IIS Einaudi Mattei Latina Italy

Protection and maintenance of green architecture such as parks, countryside villas, and historic gardens are a duty of our communities. Recently, hand-held or portable mobile laser scanner (MLS) systems exploiting simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) are becoming a promising alternative to terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in densely vegetated areas to efficiently collect information for site maintenance. The main goal for such surveys stands normally in tree parameter estimation, but getting a high-resolution, high-quality digital terrain model (DTM) is an objective worth pursuing as it is useful in later processing. This work presents a novel algorithm for terrain filtering of TLS point clouds and compares its performance with existing packages. To this aim, it compares and evaluates the accuracy of DTM produced by three well-established open-source packages and an in-house development on the test case of an ancient garden survey, where nine scans were executed using a ZEB-HORIZON scanner. The algorithm we developed is specifically designed for creating digital terrain models (DTMs) from TLS point clouds. In contrast, two of the three software packages we analysed were originally developed for processing.airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. As parameter setting significantly influenced the quality of the DTM generation we describe in detail this process for all three algorithms. Since the unavailability of ground truth data, we used the terrain points generated by all four algorithms to perform a cross-validation.

关键词： forestry area ground filtering MLS terrestrial scan alignment

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Design and Implementation of Optimized Resource Low-Power SoC Multi-Soft-Processor FPGA Hardware Acceleration architecture for Fast digital image processing

Design and Implementation of Optimized Resource Low-Power So...

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IEEE National Conference on Aerospace and Electronics (NAECON)

作者： L. Namou D.B Megherbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CMINDS Research Center University of Massachusetts Lowell MA

This paper focuses on designing, implementing, and optimizing a distributed multi-soft-processor SoC low-power FPGA-based software-hardware co-design architecture for fast digital image processing.computing acceleration. The paper demonstrates an on and off-the-chip augmented hardware architecture implementation to overcome Memory, Cost, Size, and Power prohibitive resource constraints. This implementation experimentally achieves an optimized accelerated digital image processing.and digital filtering execution time. The method achieves 80 times computational speedup with the proposed augmented hardware-accelerated optimization scheme compared to an initial practical implementation without hardware acceleration. This design is implemented on an SoC Altera Cyclone- V FPGA. In this design, an FPGA Multi Softcore Processor is instantiated in the fabric and interfaced with an external SDRAM via a 16-bit Memory Controller Intellectual Property (IP) core. An 8-bit intensity resolution image (up to 1280 x 1280 pixels, but not limited) was imported from a PC (via Serial Communication) to the FPGA for Sobel spatial filter processing. Each Soft Core was memory mapped to each image segment to create a parallel multiprocessing.architecture. Multiple Sobel Filters are written and synthesized in the fabric. The Register Transfer Logic (RTL) code is written in VHDL and Verilog as a Hardware Description Language (HDL) to accelerate the design implementation. A different number of Softcore Processors in conjuncture with accelerated hardware are tested to compare the resulting computational efficiency. The timings between accessing the on-chip SRAM and the off-chip SDRAM can also be compared. In the final analysis, understanding that the FPGA Softcore using C is quick to implement and flexible to interface with, but it is a non-deterministic and sequentially executed process, and that the FPGA Fabric using HDL is rigid and constraint-driven, but no overhead, implemented in fabric, det

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image enhancement algorithm combining histogram equalization and bilateral filtering

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SYSTEMS AND SOFT COMPUTING 2024年 6卷

作者： Wu, Mingzhu Zhong, Qiuyan Guangzhou Inst Technol Dept Informat Engn Guangzhou 510075 Peoples R China Guangzhou Railway Polytech Asset Management Div Guangzhou 511308 Peoples R China

In the process of image acquisition, transmission, and storage, the image quality is often degraded due to a variety of unfavorable factors, resulting in information loss, which poses certain difficulties for subsequent image processing.and analysis. How to enhance the visibility of image details and maintain the naturalness of the image is one of the important challenges in image processing. In response to this challenge, an image enhancement algorithm is proposed based on the advantages of histogram equalization and bilateral filtering. This algorithm organically integrates histogram equalization and bilateral filtering, aiming to improve image quality while reducing noise in the image. Specifically, the study first utilizes an improved histogram equalization strategy to preprocess the image and then applies a bilateral filter for further optimization. The experimental results showed that the optimized histogram equalization could effectively improve the global contrast of the image and avoid excessive enhancement and gray phenomenon of the image. Moreover, its peak signal-to-noise ratio could reach 0.71. However, bilateral filters showed significant advantages in processing.complex data sets, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio could reach 0.95. It illustrated that the optimal research method has obvious advantages in improving image quality and reducing noise. The new enhancement strategy not only significantly improves the global contrast of the image but also preserves the naturalness of the image, providing important technical support for image analysis, machine vision, and artificial intelligence applications.

关键词： image enhancement Bilateral filtering Histogram equalization Global histogram equalization Robustness

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Evolutionary Neural architecture Search Framework With Masked Encoding Mechanism for Point Cloud Registration

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 2025年

作者： Wu, Yue Gong, Peiran Yuan, Yongzhe Gong, Maoguo Ma, Wenping Miao, Qiguang Xidian Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Collaborat Intelligence Syst Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Elect Engn Minist Educ Key Lab Collaborat Intelligence Syst Xian 710071 Peoples R China Inner Mongolia Normal Univ Acad Artificial Intelligence Coll Math Sci Hohhot 010022 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Artificial Intelligence Minist Educ Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding Xian 710071 Peoples R China

Deep learning-based point cloud registration (PCR) has received increasing attention in the field of computer vision. However, the lack of expertise in deep neural network architecture design remains a large obstacle for end-users with registration needs. While neural architecture search (NAS) indeed addresses the architecture automation design problem and has undergone substantial development, the majority of existing NAS approaches are tailored for image processing. Because of significant differences in data characteristics and network structures, directly transferring the existing NAS approaches for PCR is infeasible. Hence, this work proposes an evolutionary neural architecture search framework for PCR, which can fit the different types of PCR networks. The framework, equipped with the designed masked encoding mechanism, can seamlessly integrate with the majority of evolutionary computation-based optimization algorithms, thereby reducing the additional cost of operator design. Based on the above framework, the users can freely select the advanced network components and optimization algorithms depending on their needs. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets, ModelNet40 and KITTI, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework in terms of registration precision and architecture complexity.

关键词： Feature extraction Point cloud compression Encoding Computer architecture Data mining Accuracy Three-dimensional displays Decoding Transformers Neural architecture search Point cloud registration evolutionary neural architecture search novel encoding mechanism

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Research on digital Economy Data processing.Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence algorithms 24

Research on Digital Economy Data Processing Systems Based on...

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4th International Conference on Internet of Things and Machine Learning

作者： Mao, Ganfeng EAC Emilio Aguinaldo Coll Manila Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710353

In the context of the rapid development of the digital economy, data processing.technology has become a crucial means for enterprises and organizations to gain competitive advantages. This paper aims to study a digital economy data processing.system based on artificial intelligence algorithms, exploring how advanced machine learning and deep learning technologies can efficiently process and analyze large volumes of heterogeneous data. By analyzing existing data processing.challenges and designing and implementing system architecture and core algorithms, this paper proposes an innovative system solution. Experimental results show that the system excels in data preprocessing. analysis, and prediction, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of data processing. This research not only provides new insights into data processing.in the context of the digital economy but also offers valuable references for academic research and practical applications in related fields.

关键词： digital Economy Artificial Intelligence algorithms Data processing Machine Learning

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Improving Utilization of Dataflow Unit for Multi-Batch processing

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON architecture AND CODE OPTIMIZATION 2024年第1期21卷 1-26页

作者： Fan, Zhihua Li, Wenming Wang, Zhen Yang, Yu Ye, Xiaochun Fan, Dongrui Sun, Ninghui An, Xuejun Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Processors Inst Comp Technol Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol 6 South Sci Acad Rd Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci 19A Yuquan Rd Beijing Peoples R China

Dataflow architectures can achieve much better performance and higher efficiency than general-purpose core, approaching the performance of a specialized design while retaining programmability. However, advanced application scenarios place higher demands on the hardware in terms of cross-domain and multi-batch processing. In this article, we propose a unified scale-vector architecture that can work in multiple modes and adapt to diverse algorithms and requirements efficiently. First, a novel reconfigurable interconnection structure is proposed, which can organize execution units into different cluster typologies as a way to accommodate different data-level parallelism. Second, we decouple threads within each DFG node into consecutive pipeline stages and provide architectural support. By time-multiplexing during these stages, dataflow hardware can achieve much higher utilization and performance. In addition, the task-based program model can also exploit multi-level parallelism and deploy applications efficiently. Evaluated in a wide range of benchmarks, including digital signal processing.algorithms, CNNs, and scientific computing algorithms, our design attains up to 11.95x energy efficiency (performance-per-watt) improvement over GPU (V100), and 2.01x energy efficiency improvement over state-of-the-art dataflow architectures.

关键词： Utilization network-on-chip decoupled architecture batch processing

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Cost-efficient algorithm for autonomous cultivators: Implementing template matching with field digital twins for precision agriculture

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2024年 227卷

作者： De Bortoli, Luca Marsi, Stefano Marinello, Francesco Gallina, Paolo Univ Trieste Engn & Architecture Dept Image Proc Lab IPL Via A Valerio 10 Trieste Italy Univ Padua Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry Biosyst Engn Viale Univ 16 Legnaro PD Italy Univ Trieste Engn & Architecture Dept Appl Mech Machinery Via A Valerio 10 Trieste Italy

The paper focuses on the development of a vision system to automate the position control of a cultivator used for crop weeding. The vision algorithm allows monitoring of the cultivator's misalignment with respect to crop rows, with real-time processing. The key content includes the introduction of a self-generated digital twin of the field model for numerical validation of different computer vision solutions and a comparison of three vision algorithms for measuring deviation. The objectives of the study are to improve the precision of misalignment measurements and ensure safe and accurate movement of the cultivator. The rationale behind the study is to address constraints such as camera installation and crop color, and to emphasize the importance of a confidence estimation feature for accurate measurement. The paper also provides an overview of related works in the literature, highlighting the two phases of plant identification and deviation measurement. Tests carried out on soybean and maize crops demonstrate the improvements allowed by the proposed algorithm in terms of higher measurement precision, even in the presence of high weed infestation or a significant number of missing plants. Additionally, the paper suggests analysis simplifications to enhance the algorithm's speed while maintaining satisfactory measurement accuracy.

关键词： Precision agriculture Cultivator Crop row detection Machine vision Real-time tracking digital twin

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Design of digital beamforming for 5G access point applications

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MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2024年第1期66卷 e33744-e33744页

作者： Drissi, Meriem Benjelloun, Nabil Descamps, Philippe Gharsallah, Ali Univ Tunis El Manar Fac Sci Tunis Microwave Elect Res Lab Tunis Tunisia Univ Rouen Normandie IRSEEM Lab ESIGLEC Rouen France Univ Caen Normandie CNRS Lab ENSICAEN Caen France

Since the software-defined radio digital beamforming (DBF) system is the newest tendency in fifth-generation (5G) development and based on its flexibility applied to antenna arrays, this research paper presents a smart antenna array architecture operating in C-band (3.48 GHz). In developing DBF for 5G access points with beamforming capacities, it is first necessary to perform an accurate approach that identifies the position of the desired user and affects the beamforming processing. In this article, a feasible approach is represented to evaluate and test three angle-of-arrival algorithms. To ensure the robustness of the system, the system structure with its four main components, the transmit subsystem, the synchronization subsystem, the receive subsystem, and data processing.are described in detail. This article presents a reasonably inexpensive prototype DBF in conjunction with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral B210 board. Experimental measurements and results confirm the suggested methodology.

关键词： 5G AM demodulation AM modulation digital beamforming DOA SDR USRP B210

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