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image Reconstruction and Signal Detectability in Dual-Head Small Animal PET

Image Reconstruction and Signal Detectability in Dual-Head S...

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IEEE Nuclear Science symposium / Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC) / 19th Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detector Workshop

作者： Kao, Yu-Jiun Kao, Chun-Hao Dong, Yun Kao, Chien-Min Chen, Chin-Tu Wang, Weichung Chou, Cheng-Ying Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn Taipei 10764 Taiwan IIT Dept Biomed Engn Chicago IL 60616 USA IIT Dept Radiol Chicago IL 60616 USA Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Math Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320306;9781467320283

Dual-head flat-panel positron emission tomography (PET) is the dedicated system for small-animal imaging because of its high spatial resolution and detection sensitivity. Unlike the conventional ring-based PET system, the dual-head system is versatile and can be reconfigured readily to accommodate different sample sizes and/or to achieve an optimal system performance. However, the unique imaging geometry also leads to severe depth-of-interaction (DOl) blurring. Monte Carlo simulation has been employed to account for DOl effects in the system response matrix with high accuracy, but the long simulation times make routine search for an optimal configuration impractical. To facilitate the system optimization while considering the parallax error, we employ an efficient numerical method to model the DOl effect in the system matrix for image reconstruction and accelerate the computation with the graphics processing units (GPUs). Among the system response matrices corresponding to different geometric configurations, a favorable one can be selected by exploiting the statistical detection theory. computer simulation studies were carried out to validate and quantitatively evaluate the proposed method.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods graphics processing units image processing image reconstruction medical image processing medical signal detection positron emission tomography

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image micro-pattern analysis using fuzzy numbers

Image micro-pattern analysis using fuzzy numbers

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25th Conference on graphics, Patterns and images, SIBGRAPI 2012

作者： Vieira, Raissa T. De Oliveira Chierici, Carlos Eduardo Ferraz, Carolina T. Gonzaga, Adilson Department of Electrical Engineering University of São Paulo São Carlos Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548296

This paper proposes a new methodology for micro pattern analysis in digital images based on fuzzy numbers. A micro-pattern is the structure of the gray-level pixels within a neighborhood and can describe the spatial context of the image, such as edge, line, spot, blob, corner, texture, and more complex patterns. By treating a pixel neighborhood as a fuzzy set and each pixel gray-level as a fuzzy number, we can evaluate the membership degree of the central pixel to the others. We have called this method the Local Fuzzy Pattern (LFP). Using a sigmoid membership function, we proved that the proposed methodology surpasses the Hit-rate of the Local Binary Pattern (LBP), for texture classification. The LFP proved to be robust to image rotation. Moreover, our proposed formulation for the LFP is a generalization of previously published techniques, such as Texture Unit, LBP, FUNED, and Census Transform. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Local binary pattern

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Computing gender difference using fisher-rao metric from facial surface normals

Computing gender difference using fisher-rao metric from fac...

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25th Conference on graphics, Patterns and images, SIBGRAPI 2012

作者： Ceolin, Simone Regina Hancock, Edwin R. Centro Universitário Franciscano UNIFRA Santa Maria - RS Brazil Computer Science Department University of York York United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548296

The aim in this paper is to explore whether the Fisher-Rao metric can be used to characterise the shape changes due to gender difference. We work using a 2.5D representation based on facial surface normals (or facial needle-maps) for gender classification. The needle-map is a shape representation which can be acquired from 2D intensity images using shape-from-shading (SFS). Using the von-Mises Fisher distribution, we compute the elements of the Fisher information matrix, and use this to compute geodesic distance between fields of surface normals to construct a shape-space. We embed the fields of facial surface normals into a low dimensional pattern space using a number of alternative methods including multidimensional scaling, heat kernel embedding and commute time embedding. We present results on clustering the embedded faces using the Max Planck and EAR database. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fisher information matrix

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Real-time gesture recognition from depth data through key poses learning and decision forests

Real-time gesture recognition from depth data through key po...

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25th Conference on graphics, Patterns and images, SIBGRAPI 2012

作者： Miranda, Leandro Vieira, Thales Martinez, Dimas Lewiner, Thomas Vieira, Antonio W. Campos, Mario F.M. Mathematics UFAL Brazil Mathematics PUC-Rio Brazil Computer Science UFMG Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548296

Human gesture recognition is a challenging task with many applications. The popularization of real time depth sensors even diversifies potential applications to end-user natural user interface (NUI). The quality of such NUI highly depends on the robustness and execution speed of the gesture recognition. This work introduces a method for real-time gesture recognition from a noisy skeleton stream, such as the ones extracted from Kinect depth sensors. Each pose is described using a tailored angular representation of the skeleton joints. Those descriptors serve to identify key poses through a multi-class classifier derived from Support Vector learning machines. The gesture is labeled on-the-fly from the key pose sequence through a decision forest, that naturally performs the gesture time warping and avoids the requirement for an initial or neutral pose. The proposed method runs in real time and shows robustness in several experiments. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Gesture recognition

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Spill code placement for SIMD machines

Spill code placement for SIMD machines

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16th brazilian symposium on Programming Languages, SBLP 2012

作者： Sampaio, Diogo Nunes Gedeon, Elie Pereira, Fernando Magno Quintão Collange, Sylvain Departamento de Ciência Da Computação UFMG Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783642331817

The Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) execution model has been receiving renewed attention recently. This awareness stems from the rise of graphics processing units (GPUs) as a powerful alternative for parallel computing. Many compiler optimizations have been recently proposed for this hardware, but register allocation is a field yet to be explored. In this context, this paper describes a register spiller for SIMD machines that capitalizes on the opportunity to share identical data between threads. It provides two different benefits: first, it uses less memory, as more spilled values are shared among threads. Second, it improves the access times to spilled values. We have implemented our proposed allocator in the Ocelot open source compiler, and have been able to speedup the code produced by this framework by 21%. Although we have designed our algorithm on top of a linear scan register allocator, we claim that our ideas can be easily adapted to fit the necessities of other register allocators. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： graphics processing unit

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Exploration of motion estimation algorithm in graphics processing environment 12

Exploration of motion estimation algorithm in graphics proce...

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18th brazilian symposium on Multimedia and the Web, WebMedia 2012

作者： Husemann, Ronaldo Lenz, Augusto L. Gobbi, Marco Roesler, Valter Lima, José Valdeni DELET - UFRGS Av. Osvaldo Aranha 103 Porto Alegre - RS Brazil UNIVATES Av. Alberto Tallini 171 Lajeado - RS Brazil II - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 B. IV Porto Alegre - RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450317061

Currently, even considering the recent advances in the microprocessor power computing, high definition multimedia applications still require very complex demands to allow real-time video encoding. Particularly, modern video encoders (MPEG/ITU H.26x series) depend of complex and computationally exhaustive motion estimation algorithms to identify and remove temporal redundancy among consecutive (or not) frames inside a video sequence, as strategy to reduce the final compressed bit rate. In fact, the mechanism of block matching can be considered the most critical encoder algorithm, in terms of computational demands, like it is responsible for searching, in distinct reference frames, for similar pixel blocks related with each one of the input image blocks. The number of required block comparisons for high definition videos represents a clear and important restriction for real-time implementations. This paper introduces an improved strategy of block matching method, which was optimized for multiprocessing execution, mainly focusing in implementation over general purpose graphical processing unit technologies, as the NVidia CUDA® GPUs. The improved motion estimation solution was implemented in the JSVM reference code (scalable version of H.264 video encoder), when it was registered a speed up gain of more than 350% in average for 4CIF videos. Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. (ACM).

关键词： Motion estimation

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Divergence analysis with affine constraints

Divergence analysis with affine constraints

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24th International symposium on computer Architecture and High Performance Computing, SBAC-PAD 2012

作者： Sampaio, Diogo Martins, Rafael Collange, Sylvain Pereira, Fernando Magno Quintão Departamento de Ciência Da Computação Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467347907

The rising popularity of graphics processing units is bringing renewed interest in code optimization techniques for SIMD processors. Many of these optimizations rely on divergence analyses, which classify variables as uniform, if they have the same value on every thread, or divergent, if they might not. This paper introduces a new kind of divergence analysis, that is able to represent variables as affine functions of thread identifiers. We have implemented this analysis in Ocelot, an open source compiler, and use it to analyze a suite of 177 CUDA kernels from well-known benchmarks. We can mark about one fourth of all program variables as affine functions of thread identifiers. In addition to the novel divergence analysis, we also introduce the notion of a divergence aware register allocator. This allocator uses information from our analysis to either rematerialize affine variables, or to move uniform variables to shared memory. As a testimony of its effectiveness, our divergence aware allocator produces GPU code that is 29.70% faster than the code produced by Ocelot's register allocator. Divergence analysis with affine constraints is publicly available in the Ocelot compiler since June/2012. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： graphics processing unit

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Retinal image quality analysis for automatic diabetic retinopathy detection

Retinal image quality analysis for automatic diabetic retino...

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25th Conference on graphics, Patterns and images, SIBGRAPI 2012

作者： Pires, Ramon Jelinek, Herbert F. Wainer, Jacques Rocha, Anderson Institute of Computing University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas Brazil Centre of Research of Complex Systems Charles Sturt University CSU Albury Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548296

Sufficient image quality is a necessary prerequisite for reliable automatic detection systems in several healthcare environments. Specifically for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) detection, poor quality fund us makes more difficult the analysis of discontinuities that characterize lesions, as well as to generate evidence that can incorrectly diagnose the presence of anomalies. Several methods have been applied for classification of image quality and recently, have shown satisfactory results. However, most of the authors have focused only on the visibility of blood vessels through detection of blurring. Furthermore, these studies frequently only used fund us images from specific cameras which are not validated on datasets obtained from different retinographers. In this paper, we propose an approach to verify essential requirements of retinal image quality for DR screening: field definition and blur detection. The methods were developed and validated on two large, representative datasets collected by different cameras. The first dataset comprises 5,776 images and the second, 920 images. For field definition, the method yields a performance close to optimal with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) of 96.0%. For blur detection, the method achieves an area under the ROC curve of 95.5%. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： image quality

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A GPGPU Accelerated Descriptor for Mobile Devices

A GPGPU Accelerated Descriptor for Mobile Devices

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11th IEEE and ACM International symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)

作者： Hofmann, Robert Seichter, Hartmut Reitmayr, Gerhard Univ Koblenz Landau Landau Germany Graz Univ Technol Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346627

We present a modified upright SURF feature descriptor for mobile phone GPUs. Our implementation called uSURF-ES is multiple times faster than a comparable CPU variant on the same device. Our results proof the feasibility of modern mobile graphics accelerators for GPGPU tasks especially for the detection phase in natural feature tracking used in Augmented Reality applications.

关键词： H.5.1 [INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION]: Multimedia Information Systems—Artificial augmente K.7.m [image processing AND computer VISION]: Segmentation—Edge and feature detection Mobile devices Descriptors planetary(Earth)features augmented reality Accelerators graphics accelerator Mobile phones graphic images

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GPU Acceleration of Saliency Detection Algorithm

GPU Acceleration of Saliency Detection Algorithm

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11th International symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science (DCABES)

作者： Xiong, Zhenhai Chi, WanQing Lu, Kai Wang, Xiaoping Li, Gen Natl Univ Def Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548180

Saliency detection is an important step in image processing on computer, which has been widely used in network graphics, fingerprint recognition and other fields. The method of saliency detection based on structural similarity theory uses the structural similarity to abstract high-level human visual system, measuring the saliency of images through a new Center-Surround operator. It overcomes the mosaic phenomenon of Itti algorithm caused by near interpolation. However, the computational overhead is very large as each pixel needs to be processed. In this paper, we adopt GPU to accelerate this algorithm, which speeds up over 90X compared with original method running on CPU. To the best of our knowledge, the approach we proposed that using GPU to accelerate the saliency detection algorithm is the first one in the field of image processing.

关键词： Saliency detection Center-Surround operator image processing structural similarity GPU

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