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Efficient image Re-Ranking Computation on GPUs

Efficient Image Re-Ranking Computation on GPUs

引用

International symposium on Parallel and Distributed processing with Applications, ISPA

作者： Daniel Carlos Guimarães Pedronette Ricardo da_S. Torres Edson Borin Mauricio Breternitz Institute of Computing (IC) State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Campinas Brazil Advanced Micro Devices Inc. Austin USA

The huge growth of image collections and multimedia resources available is remarkable. One of the most common approaches to support image searches relies on the use of Content-Based image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. CBIR systems aim at retrieving the most similar images in a collection, given a query image. Since the effectiveness of those systems is very dependent on the accuracy of ranking approaches, re-ranking algorithms have been proposed to exploit contextual information and improve the effectiveness of CBIR systems. image re-ranking algorithms typically consider the relationship among every image in a given dataset when computing the new ranking. This approach demands a huge amount of computational power, which may render it prohibitive on very large data sets. In order to mitigate this problem, we propose using the computational power of graphics processing Units (GPU) to speedup the computation of image re-ranking algorithms. GPUs are fast emerging and relatively inexpensive parallel processors that are becoming available on a wide range of computer systems. In this paper, we propose a parallel implementation of an image re-ranking algorithm designed to fit the computational model of GPUs. Experimental results demonstrate that relevant performance gains can be obtained by our approach.

关键词： Context Kernel Algorithm design and analysis graphics processing unit image processing image retrieval

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Parallel High Dimensional Self Organizing Maps Using CUDA

Parallel High Dimensional Self Organizing Maps Using CUDA

引用

IEEE Latin American Robotics symposium, LARS

作者： Felipe C. Moraes Silvia C. Botelho Nelson Duarte Filho Joel Felipe O. Gaya Centro de Ciências Computacionais(C3) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

A common neural network used for complex data clustering is the Self Organizing Maps(SOM). This algorithm have a expensive training step, that occur mainly on high dimensional applications like image clustering. This makes impossible for some of these applications to be run in real time or even in a feasible time. On this paper we explore the use of GPUs with the NVIDIA CUDA language to decrease computational cost of SOM. We propose a three steps implementation able to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm under SIMD paradigm and also making a good use of GPU's resources. At the end we were able to get a peak speed-up of 44 times against a C CPU implementation, fact that concludes about SOM's data parallelism.

关键词： graphics processing units Instruction sets Neurons Kernel Self organizing feature maps Parallel processing Real-time systems

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Video-Based Face Spoofing Detection through Visual Rhythm Analysis

Video-Based Face Spoofing Detection through Visual Rhythm An...

引用

brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： Allan da Silva Pinto Helio Pedrini William Schwartz Anderson Rocha Institute of Computing University of Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Computer Science Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Recent advances on biometrics, information forensics, and security have improved the accuracy of biometric systems, mainly those based on facial information. However, an ever-growing challenge is the vulnerability of such systems to impostor attacks, in which users without access privileges try to authenticate themselves as valid users. In this work, we present a solution to video-based face spoofing to biometric systems. Such type of attack is characterized by presenting a video of a real user to the biometric system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt of dealing with video-based face spoofing based in the analysis of global information that is invariant to video content. Our approach takes advantage of noise signatures generated by the recaptured video to distinguish between fake and valid access. To capture the noise and obtain a compact representation, we use the Fourier spectrum followed by the computation of the visual rhythm and extraction of the gray-level co-occurrence matrices, used as feature descriptors. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to distinguish between valid and fake users for video-based spoofing with near-perfect classification results.

关键词： Videos Visualization Rhythm Noise Face Biometrics (access control) Feature extraction

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Generating Device-specific GPU Code for Local Operators in Medical Imaging

Generating Device-specific GPU Code for Local Operators in M...

引用

International symposium on Parallel and Distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： Richard Membarth Frank Hannig Jürgen Teich Mario Körner Wieland Eckert Department of Computer Science University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany Siemens Healthcare Sector H IM AX Forchheim Germany

To cope with the complexity of programming GPU accelerators for medical imaging computations, we developed a framework to describe image processing kernels in a domain-specific language, which is embedded into C++. The description uses decoupled access/execute metadata, which allow the programmer to specify both execution constraints and memory access patterns of kernels. A source-to-source compiler translates this high-level description into low-level CUDA and Open CL code with automatic support for boundary handling and filter masks. Taking the annotated metadata and the characteristics of the parallel GPU execution model into account, two-layered parallel implementations - utilizing SPMD and MPMD parallelism - are generated. An abstract hardware model of graphics card architectures allows to model GPUs of multiple vendors like AMD and NVIDIA, and to generate device-specific code for multiple targets. It is shown that the generated code is faster than manual implementations and those relying on hardware support for boundary handling. Implementations from Rapid Mind, a commercial framework for GPU programming, are outperformed and similar results achieved compared to the GPU backend of the widely used image processing library Open CV.

关键词： graphics processing unit Kernel image processing Biomedical imaging Programming Hardware

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Scaling Data-Intensive Applications on Heterogeneous Platforms with Accelerators

Scaling Data-Intensive Applications on Heterogeneous Platfor...

引用

IEEE International symposium on Parallel and Distributed processing Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW)

作者： Ana Balevic Bart Kienhuis Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309745

Heterogeneous parallel systems including accelerators such as graphics processing Units (GPUs), are expected to play a major role in architecting the largest systems in the world, as well as the most powerful embedded devices. Impressive computational speedups have been reported for numerous algorithms in fields of medical image processing, digital signal processing, astrophysics, modeling and simulations. However, it is frequently assumed that the working data set of the application fits in the memory of the accelerator. In this paper, first we elevate this constraint by presenting a simple and scalable compile-time approach for processing large data sets based on I/O tiling. Second, we combine tiling with streaming in our asynchronous execution model, which enables efficient data-driven processing of large data sets on heterogeneous platforms with accelerators. Finally, we present results for several micro benchmarks and three data parallel kernels.

关键词： graphics processing unit Tiles Computational modeling Arrays Vectors Random access memory

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Rendering-trajectory-based hole filling in free view generation

Rendering-trajectory-based hole filling in free view generat...

引用

IEEE International symposium on Intelligent Signal processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Ting Lan Lin Uday Singh Thakur Rayhong Syu Department of Electronic Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467350839

High quality view generation and interpolation is a crucial problem for the success of 3D video systems. It is known that interpolation artifacts especially occur along object boundaries where depth values fluctuate. We therefore present a novel view interpolation algorithm that introduces specific processing without producing any geometric distortion. The paper also describes the method to solve the problem of wrongly exposed pixels in depth image based rendering (DIBR) which degrade the quality of intermediate view.

关键词： Interpolation Filling Signal processing algorithms Trajectory Streaming media Rendering (computer graphics) TV

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Performance-analysis-based acceleration of image quality assessment

Performance-analysis-based acceleration of image quality ass...

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IEEE Southwest symposium on image Analysis and Interpretation

作者： Thien Phan Sohum Sohoni Damon M. Chandler Eric C. Larson Laboratory of Computational Perception and Image Quality Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA Laboratory of Computer Architecture Education Simulation and Research School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA DUB Group Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Two stages are commonly employed in modern algorithms of image/video quality assessment (QA): (1) a local frequency-based decomposition, and (2) block-based statistical comparisons between the frequency coefficients of the reference and distorted images. This paper presents a performance analysis of and techniques for accelerating these stages. We specifically analyze and accelerate one representative QA algorithm recently developed by the authors (Larson and Chandler, 2010). We identify the bottlenecks from the abovementioned stages, and we present methods of acceleration using integral images, inline expansion, a GPGPU implementation, and other code modifications. We show how a combination of these approaches can yield a speedup of 47×.

关键词： Acceleration Algorithm design and analysis Application software Performance analysis graphics processing unit Timing image quality

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Towards High-Level Programming of Multi-GPU Systems Using the SkelCL Library

Towards High-Level Programming of Multi-GPU Systems Using th...

引用

IEEE International symposium on Parallel and Distributed processing Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW)

作者： Michel Steuwer Philipp Kegel Sergei Gorlatch Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Münster Munster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309745

Application programming for GPUs (graphics processing Units) is complex and error-prone, because the popular approaches - CUDA and OpenCL - are intrinsically low-level and offer no special support for systems consisting of multiple GPUs. The SkelCL library presented in this paper is built on top of the OpenCL standard and offers pre-implemented recurring computation and communication patterns (skeletons) which greatly simplify programming for multi-GPU systems. The library also provides an abstract vector data type and a high-level data (re)distribution mechanism to shield the programmer from the low-level data transfers between the system's main memory and multiple GPUs. In this paper, we focus on the specific support in SkelCL for systems with multiple GPUs and use a real-world application study from the area of medical imaging to demonstrate the reduced programming effort and competitive performance of SkelCL as compared to OpenCL and CUDA. Besides, we illustrate how SkelCL adapts to large-scale, distributed heterogeneous systems in order to simplify their programming.

关键词： Vectors graphics processing unit Skeleton Programming image reconstruction Kernel

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Encoder control for renderable regions in high efficiency multiview video plus depth coding

Encoder control for renderable regions in high efficiency mu...

引用

Picture Coding symposium, PCS

作者： Sebastian Bosse Heiko Schwarz Tobias Hinz Thomas Wiegand Image Processing Department Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications (Heinrich Hertz Institut) Berlin Germany Image Communication Chair Technical University of Berlin Germany

This paper describes a new encoder control method for multiview video plus depth coding. Since large parts of a multiview scenery are present in more than one of the captured video sequences, a depth-aware encoder control is introduced, which identifies those regions based on given depth maps and omits the coding of the residual signal for those regions. Experimental results indicate that bit rate reductions of about 5-9 %, depending on the bit rate, can be achieved for the 2-view case at a constant subjective quality.

关键词： Encoding Bit rate Three dimensional displays Rendering (computer graphics) image coding Decoding Video coding

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Polyphase components of an image as video frames: A way to code still images using H.264

Polyphase components of an image as video frames: A way to c...

引用

Picture Coding symposium, PCS

作者： Marek Parfieniuk Department of Digital Media and Computer Graphics Bialystok University of Technology Bialystok Poland

This paper shows that the principles of video coding that are related to removing temporal redundancy by means of motion estimation and compensation can be successfully used to compress still images. If all polyphase components of an image are identified with correlated video frames, only one of them needs to be intra-coded, as the rest can be encoded using mainly bidirectional prediction. Using the H.264 reference software, it has been experimentally verified that the approach offers compression comparable to intra-coding the whole image as a single video frame, the common way of applying the H.264 standard to still pictures. As the H.264 encoder is not optimized for processing polyphase components, the results suggest that, based on the presented idea, it is possible to develop a new image codec that could compete with the state-of-art algorithms.

关键词： image coding PSNR Transform coding Standards Encoding Bit rate Video sequences

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