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Comparison of DSP, risc and transputer based systems for real time digital control implementation

Systems Analysis Modelling Simulation 2003年第11期43卷 1545-1568页

作者： Ramos-Hernandez, D.N. Tokhi, M.O. Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom

An investigation into the performance evaluation of sequential and parallel computing has been carried out. Performance metrics, on the basis of maximum efficiency, have been proposed for parallel architectures, These apply to both homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures and are consistent with those of traditional architectures. These have been verified through implementation of several algorithms on uni- and multi-processor architectures. Based on the proposed concept of speedup a task allocation strategy for heterogeneous architectures has been developed. It has been demonstrated that, with such a strategy, the efficiency achieved with a heterogeneous architecture is near to its maximum value. Moreover, it has been shown that to achieve maximum efficiency a large proportion of tasks must be allocated to the faster processor of the architecture. However, due to the disparity in capabilities of the processors, communication overhead becomes a dominant factor in the implementation. Thus, to obtain a better task allocation and minimum communication overhead, high performance processors must be selected carefully. Compiler efficiency and code optimisation have been investigated showing that these affect the performance of the processors in real-time applications. The code optimisation experiments have also shown that the regularity or irregularity of the algorithm, as well as the code itself affect the performance of the processor. It has accordingly been demonstrated that different processor capabilities, communication overhead and an inappropriate task allocation can affect dramatically the performance of the application. On the other hand, a poor performance of the processor can result due to the regularity or irregularity of the application, compiler and optimisation levels of the compiler. The applications considered have varying computing requirements due to their different characteristics and different sizes. The heterogeneity present in these architectures

关键词： Digital signal processing

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Interactive medical image processing system based on a hybrid computer architecture

Interactive medical image processing system based on a hybri...

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Proceedings of the 1998 IEE colloquium on High Performance architectures for Real-Time Image processing

作者： O'Connor, K.B.R. Stewart, W.R. Ware, J.A. Univ Hospital of Wales United Kingdom

The paper presents an interactive segmentation system that uses a parallel processing architecture. Poor contrasts, variable tissue properties and complex-shaped structures make the isolation of meaningful regions of interest difficult. The interactive approach uses the human user's knowledge base to assist in image segmentation. The measurement of regions of interest enable the resultant output image to be quantified for clinical purposes. The graphical user interface - developed under Microsoft Windows - incorporates a mouse driven interactive display. A transputer based parallel processing engine is provided for the computationally intensive tasks of the system. These modules of the system communicate with each other using the Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) model.

关键词： Image segmentation

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An interactive medical image processing system based on a hybrid computer architecture

An interactive medical image processing system based on a hy...

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IEE colloquium on High Performance architectures for Real-Time Image processing

作者： K.B.R. O'Connor W.R. Stewart J.A. Ware Department of Medical Physics University of Hospital of Wales UK Division of Mathematics and Computing University of Glamorgan UK

The paper presents an interactive segmentation system that uses a parallel processing architecture. Poor contrasts, variable tissue properties and complex-shaped structures make the isolation of meaningful regions of interest difficult. The interactive approach uses the human user's knowledge base to assist in image segmentation. The measurement of regions of interest enable the resultant output image to be quantified for clinical purposes. The graphical user interface-developed under Microsoft Windows-incorporates a mouse driven interactive display. A transputer based parallel processing engine is provided for the computationally intensive tasks of the system. These modules of the system communicate with each other using the Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) model.

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parallel Off-Line Training of Multilayer Perceptrons

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第5期28卷 3-11页

作者： Seán Mc Loone George Irwin Control Research Group Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast BT9 5AH

This paper discusses the possibilities for parallel processing of the Full- and Limited-Memory BFGS training algorithms, two powerful second-order optimization techniques used to train Multilayer Perceptrons. The step size and gradient calculations are identified as the critical components in both. The matrix calculations in the Full-Memory algorithm are also shown to be significant for larger problems. Various strategies are considered for parallelisation, the best of which is implemented on PVM and transputer based architectures. The generation of a neural predictive model for a nonlinear chemical plant is used as a control case study to assess parallel performance in terms of achievable speed-up. The transputer implementation is found to give excellent speed-ups but the size of problem that can be trained is limited by memory constraints. On the other hand speed-ups achievable with the PVM implementation are much poorer because of inefficient communication, but memory does not pose a problem.

关键词： Neural networks parallel algorithms parallel processors

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parallel DSP for real-time control

Parallel DSP for real-time control

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IEE colloquium on Multiprocessor DSP (Digital Signal processing) - Applications, Algorithms and architectures (Digest No.1995/116)

作者： M.O. Tokhi M.A. Hossain Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UK

The nature of several algorithms from the active vibration control domain is discussed and the issues of algorithm parallelisation and mapping are introduced. The algorithms have been implemented on the network of C40s and the real-time performance evaluated. In all the cases, a single C40 has shown enough processing power for the real-time implementation of the algorithms. Multiprocessor implementation did not offer very impressive performances as compared to ideal speedup, due to communication overhead, run-time memory management and some other unpredictable features of the architecture. However, the obtained real time performances of the uni-processor and the multi-processor architectures are quite reasonable.< >

关键词： Adaptive control Digital control Microcomputer applications Multiprocessing parallel algorithms parallel architectures Real time systems Signal processing Vibration control

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A modular decentralized architecture for multi-sensor data fusion

A modular decentralized architecture for multi-sensor data f...

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IEE colloquium on Intelligent Measuring Systems for control Applications

作者： H.F. Durrant-Whyte Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford UK

This paper describes a fully decentralized, transputer-based architecture for data fusion problems. This architecture takes the form of a network of sensor nodes, each with its own processing facility, which together do not require any central processor or any central communication facility. In this architecture, computation is performed locally and communication occurs between any two nodes. Such an architecture has many desirable properties including robustness to sensors failure, and flexibility to the addition or loss of one or more sensors. We first describe the decentralized data fusion algorithm and some of its consequences. We then describe a number of implementations of this algorithm: on a vision-based surveillance network, on a large process control rig comprising some 150 sensors, and on a modular mobile robot.< >

关键词： Machine vision Mobile robots parallel architectures Multisensor systems

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IEE colloquium on High Performance Applications of parallel architectures

IEE Colloquium on High Performance Applications of Parallel ...

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IEE colloquium on High Performance Applications of parallel architectures

The proceedings contains 10 papers. Some of the specific topics discussed are: animation using accelerated ray tracing on a hypercube;SPARC-GAP- a parallel genetic algorithm processing;a transputer based parallel DSP ... 详细信息

关键词： parallel processing systems

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transputers for produce inspection

Transputers for produce inspection

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Proceedings of the IEE colloquium on parallel architectures for Image processing

作者： Onyango, C.M. Marchant, J.A. Tillett, R.D.

A parallel color image processing system for grading fresh agricultural products is described in this paper. The system uses a transputer array to process data at a rate of 80 objects per second. It is also provided with debug buffer which allows uninterrupted systems operation. Some of the system's other features are a data magazine module, a chaincoder module, a task allocation module and a postal service module.

关键词： Color image processing

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An expandable distributed DSP computer

An expandable distributed DSP computer

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IEE colloquium on General-Purpose Signal-processing Devices

作者： G.J. Porter N.O. Van Haght Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Parallel and Novel Architectures Research Group University of Bradford UK

A distributed computer containing DSP devices as the computational elements is presented. The computer is based on multiple processor modules (TM5320CXX series), interconnected via a time division multiplexed transputer link channel to a central control unit. Some simulation performance results for the communication mechanism are also presented.< >

关键词： Digital signal processors Distributed computing parallel architectures parallel machines Data buses Time division multiaccess

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Edge and region image segmentation processes on the parallel vision machine: Transvision

Edge and region image segmentation processes on the parallel...

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1993 Computer architectures for Machine Perception, CAMP 1993

作者： Dérutin, J.P. Canals, R. Legrand, P. Laboratoire d'Electronique URA 830 CNRS Université Blaise Pascal de Clerniont-Ferrand Aubière Cedex63177 France

ISBN: (纸本)0818654201

The authors present a method of setting up image processing chains for applications with strict temporal constraints. The method is based on the concept of a modular parallel vision machine, also called an evaluation machine. Starting from this concept, the authors define the most suitable target machine for helping with a real time application. This "evaluation machine", which is called Transvision, is based on two operation models: the first, of pipeline type, is based on real time video models and deals with a certain amount of low level processings. The second, of MIMD distributed memory type, is based on the transputer. It deals with low, medium and high level algorithms. A modular bridge called a video node makes exchange and control possible between the two worlds. The procedure is described for two examples of image segmentation chains;one of them is the contour type and the other the region type. The authors present parallelization schemes and the temporal performances obtained for each of the chains. © 1993 IEEE.

关键词： transputers

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