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Combining ethnography and object-orientation for mobile interaction design: Contextual richness and abstract models

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES 2012年第3期70卷 197-217页

作者： Kjeldskov, Jesper Stage, Jan Aalborg Univ Dept Comp Sci DK-9220 Alborg E Denmark

There has been a lot of interest in ethnography within human computer interaction over the last two decades, and its relevance within systems development is today beyond question. However, one of the challenges reported is that ethnography generates findings and knowledge with such contextual richness that it can be hard to transfer into system design. In the light of recent years' push for the use of ethnography within the area of mobile human computer interaction, this challenge has resurfaced and is of renewed importance to the research field. In this article we describe an interdisciplinary combination of ethnography with a structured software engineering method supporting the transition from collected data to design and implementation. We explore this combination through two case studies of mobile system development for supporting distributed work activities within industrial process control. We show that when developing mobile systems ethnographic data is a highly valuable source of input for developing object-oriented models by providing contextual richness, and that in turn, objected-oriented analysis is a highly valuable method for working with ethnographic field data in systems development by supporting the creation of abstract models. Combining the two, we have a method where ethnographic field studies inform core system design. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile interaction design Ethnography object-oriented analysis System development Mobile work Distributed collaboration

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An automated ontology generation technique for an emergent behavior detection system

An automated ontology generation technique for an emergent b...

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IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI)

作者： Beenish Khurshid Mohammad Moshirpour Armin Eberlein Behrouz H. Far Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

Due to the lack of central control in distributed systems, design and implementation of such systems is a challenging task. Interaction of multiple autonomous components can easily result in unwanted behavior in the system. Therefore it is vital to carefully review the design of distributed systems. Manual review of software documents is too inefficient and error prone. It would therefore be beneficial to have a systematic methodology to automatically analyze software requirements and design documents. However automating the process of software analysis is a challenging task because besides the design know-how, each software system requires its own domain knowledge. Existing approaches often require a great deal of input from system engineers familiar with the domain. Such information needs to be interpreted by the designer which is a time-consuming and error prone process. This research suggests the use of a scenario-based approach to represent system requirements. Scenarios are often depicted using message sequence charts (MSCs). Due to their formal notation, MSCs can be used to analyze software requirements in a systematic manner. In an earlier paper, it was demonstrated that ontologies can be used to effectively automate the construction of domain knowledge for the system. However the construction of ontologies remained a challenging task. This paper describes a process which infers ontology from the provided message sequence charts. Furthermore this paper introduces a software tool which automates the process of domain ontology construction. This methodology is demonstrated using a case study of a fleet-management software system.

关键词： Ontologies Software Unified modeling language object oriented modeling Meteorology Servers Systematics

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A user-Centered, object-oriented Methodology for Developing Health Information systems: A Clinical Information System (CIS) Example

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL systems 2012年第2期36卷 437-450页

作者： Konstantinidis, Georgios Anastassopoulos, George C. Karakos, Alexandros S. Anagnostou, Emmanouil Danielides, Vasileios Democritus Univ Thrace ENT Ear Nose Throat Dept Sch Med Alexandroupolis Greece Democritus Univ Thrace Med Informat Lab Sch Med Alexandroupolis Greece Democritus Univ Thrace Dept Elect & Comp Engn GR-67100 Xanthi Greece Nikaia Gen Hosp ENT Ear Nose Throat Dept Piraeus Greece

The aim of this study is to present our perspectives on healthcare analysis and design and the lessons learned from our experience with the development of a distributed, object-oriented Clinical Information System (CIS). In order to overcome known issues regarding development, implementation and finally acceptance of a CIS by the physicians we decided to develop a novel object-oriented methodology by integrating usability principles and techniques in a simplified version of a well established software engineering process (SEP), the Unified Process (UP). A multilayer architecture has been defined and implemented with the use of a vendor application framework. Our first experiences from a pilot implementation of our CIS are positive. This approach allowed us to gain a socio-technical understanding of the domain and enabled us to identify all the important factors that define both the structure and the behavior of a Health Information System.

关键词： user-centered object-oriented methodology UML Clinical information system Multi-layer architecture

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Lips: An IDE for model driven engineering based on natural language processing

Lips: An IDE for model driven engineering based on natural l...

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International Workshop on Natural Language Analysis in Software Engineering (NaturaLiSE)

作者： Oliver Keszocze Mathias Soeken Eugen Kuksa Rolf Drechsler Institute of Computer Science University of Bremen Bremen Germany Universitat Bremen Bremen Bremen DE

ISBN: (纸本)9781467362702

Combining both, state-of-the art natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and semantic information offered by a variety of ontologies and databases, efficient methods have been proposed that assist system designers in automatically translating text-based specifications into formal models. But due to ambiguities in natural language, these approaches usually require user interaction. Following these achievements, we consider natural language as a further input language that is used in the design flow for systems and software. Consequently, concepts from integrated development environments (IDE) as they can be found for programming languages such as Java need to be made available for natural language specifications as well. In this paper, we propose lips, an integrated development environment that is seamlessly implemented on top of Eclipse. It contains recent NLP algorithms that extract formal models suited for the Eclipse Modeling Framework and therefore provide a starting point for an ongoing implementation. Whenever user interaction is required, lips makes use of well-known IDE concepts such as markers and quick fixes thereby enabling a holistic user experience.

关键词： Unified modeling language Lips Natural language processing Servers Instruction sets object oriented modeling

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Comparing maintainability evolution of object-oriented and aspect-oriented software product lines

Comparing maintainability evolution of object-oriented and a...

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2012 8th International Conference on Informatics and systems, INFOS 2012

作者： Abdelmoez, W. Khater, Hatem El-Shoafy, Noha Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport P.O. Box 1029 Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9789774035067

Software Product Line aims at improving productivity and decrease realization times by gathering the analysis, design and implementation activities of a family of systems. Evaluating the quality attributes for SPL architectures is very crucial especially architecture maintainability as SPL are expected to have longer lifetime span. Aspect-orientation offers a modularization way by separating crosscutting concerns from noncrosscutting ones. Aspect-oriented programming is assumed to endorse better modularity and changeability of product lines than traditional variability mechanisms. In this paper, we show that change propagation probability (CP) is helpful and effective in assessing the design quality of software architectures. We propose to use the CP to assess the evolution of the architecture of software product lines through different releases. We use CP to investigate whether aspect oriented SPL has better maintainability evolution than object-oriented SPL. © 2012 Cairo University.

关键词： Maintainability

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Mining object-oriented design models for detecting identical design structures

Mining object-oriented design models for detecting identical...

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2012 6th International Workshop on Software Clones, IWSC 2012

作者： Tekin, Umut Erdemir, Ural Buzluca, Feza Center of Research for Advanced Technologies of Informatics and Information Security Kocaeli Turkey Computer Engineering Department Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317955

The object-oriented design is the most popular design methodology of the last twenty-five years. Several design patterns and principles are defined to improve the design quality of object-oriented software systems. In addition, designers can use unique design motifs which are particular for the specific application domain. Another common habit is cloning and modifying some parts of the software while creating new modules. Therefore, object-oriented programs can include many identical design structures. This work proposes a sub-graph mining based approach to detect identical design structures in object-oriented systems. By identifying and analyzing these structures, we can obtain useful information about the design, such as commonly-used design patterns, most frequent design defects, domain-specific patterns, and design clones, which may help developers to improve their knowledge about the software architecture. Furthermore, problematic parts of frequent identical design structures are the appropriate refactoring opportunities because they affect multiple areas of the architecture. Experiments with several open-source projects show that we can successfully find many identical design structures in each project. We observe that usually most of the identical structures are an implementation of common design patterns;however we also detect various anti-patterns, domain-specific patterns, and design-level clones. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cloning

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An analysis of anti-micro-patterns effects on fault-proneness in large Java systems 12

An analysis of anti-micro-patterns effects on fault-pronenes...

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27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC 2012

作者： Destefanis, Giuseppe Tonelli, Roberto Concas, Giulio Marchesi, Michele University of Cagliari DIEE Cagliari 09123 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450308571

Micro patterns are similar to design patterns, but are at a lower level of abstraction, closer to the implementation. Anti patterns are micro patterns not respecting the prescriptions of good object oriented programming practices. In this paper, we use the definitions introduced by Arcelli and Maggioni [3] in order to study the evolution of five particular micro patterns (anti patterns) in different releases of the Eclipse and NetBeans systems, and the correlations between anti patterns and faults. Our analysis confirms previous findings regarding the high coverage of micro patterns onto the system classes, and show that anti patterns not only represent bad object oriented programming practices, but may also be associated to the production of lower quality software, since they present a fault proneness significantly enhanced. © 2012 Authors.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Generating reusable test cases for object-oriented framework interface classes from UML specifications

Generating reusable test cases for object-oriented framework...

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6th IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications, SEA 2002

作者： Al Dallal, Jehad Sorenson, Paul Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2H1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0889863237

An application framework provides a reusable design and implementation for a family of software systems. Application developers may extend the framework to build their particular applications using hooks. Hooks are the places identified to show how to use and customize the framework. Hooks define the Framework Interface Classes (FICs) and their possible specifications, which helps in building reusable test cases for the implementations of these classes. Based on specific requirements of an application, an application developer may choose not to implement all of the specifications of the FICs, which can then affect the reusability of the already generated test cases. This paper introduces a novel technique called all paths-state to generate test cases from UML statecharts of the FICs. The technique solves the problem caused by not fully implemented FICs specifications and, therefore, it increases the reusability of the test cases. The technique is experimentally evaluated. The empirical evaluation shows that all paths-state technique produces test cases with a high degree of coverage for the specifications of the implemented FICs comparing to test cases generated using round-trip path and all-transition techniques.

关键词： Specifications

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Mining object-oriented design models for detecting identical design structures

Mining object-oriented design models for detecting identical...

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International Workshop on Software Clones (IWSC)

作者： Umut Tekin Ural Erdemir Feza Buzluca Center of Research for Advanced Technologies of Informatics & Information Security Kocaeli Turkey

The object-oriented design is the most popular design methodology of the last twenty-five years. Several design patterns and principles are defined to improve the design quality of object-oriented software systems. In addition, designers can use unique design motifs which are particular for the specific application domain. Another common habit is cloning and modifying some parts of the software while creating new modules. Therefore, object-oriented programs can include many identical design structures. This work proposes a sub-graph mining based approach to detect identical design structures in object-oriented systems. By identifying and analyzing these structures, we can obtain useful information about the design, such as commonly-used design patterns, most frequent design defects, domain-specific patterns, and design clones, which may help developers to improve their knowledge about the software architecture. Furthermore, problematic parts of frequent identical design structures are the appropriate refactoring opportunities because they affect multiple areas of the architecture. Experiments with several open-source projects show that we can successfully find many identical design structures in each project. We observe that usually most of the identical structures are an implementation of common design patterns; however we also detect various anti-patterns, domain-specific patterns, and design-level clones.

关键词： Software Unified modeling language Cloning Data mining object oriented modeling Partitioning algorithms Algorithm design and analysis

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Comparing maintainability evolution of object-oriented and aspect-oriented software product lines

Comparing maintainability evolution of object-oriented and a...

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The International Conference on Informatics and systems (INFOS)

作者： W. Abdelmoez Hatem Khater Noha El-shoafy Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria Egypt

Software Product Line aims at improving productivity and decrease realization times by gathering the analysis, design and implementation activities of a family of systems. Evaluating the quality attributes for SPL architectures is very crucial especially architecture maintainability as SPL are expected to have longer lifetime span. Aspect-orientation offers a modularization way by separating crosscutting concerns from non-crosscutting ones. Aspect-oriented programming is assumed to endorse better modularity and changeability of product lines than traditional variability mechanisms. In this paper, we show that change propagation probability (CP) is helpful and effective in assessing the design quality of software architectures. We propose to use the CP to assess the evolution of the architecture of software product lines through different releases. We use CP to investigate whether aspect oriented SPL has better maintainability evolution than object-oriented SPL.

关键词： Computer architecture Programming Unified modeling language Informatics Software engineering Software systems

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