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The 3DOM object model for the design of manufacturing systems

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 1997年第1-4期10卷 51-60页

作者： Guetari, R Nguyen, GT INRIA Rhäne-Alpes Montbonnot 38330 655 Avenue de l’Europe France

Most real-world systems are usually characterized by complex interactions between a variety of components that include distributed and parallel software, hardware and communication components. In particular, a manufacturing system consists of a group of interaction subsystems. However, the architecture of a manufacturing system requires money and time when organization, products market constraints must change. This conclusion is due to the fact that the classical architectures of manufacturing systems is for representing static relationships, but it is not suitable for representing dynamic relationships. Advanced tools for design and simulation are required to help implement such systems. object-oriented methodologies are becoming the mainstream approach for software development in general because they enable software houses to develop applications in a manpower effective way. This applies all the way down from analysis and design to implementation, testing and maintenance (the latter includes the evolution that is caused by ever changing requirements). The increased modularity that is inherent to the use of objects is a crucial advantage when modifying specific parts of the product, when porting applications with respect to varying infrastructure, when isolating errors, etc. However, the design and implementation of concurrent programs has proven to be extremely difficult. Concurrent programs are difficult to design, implement and maintain because changes in a concurrent program (adding new components, modification of existing components) requires re-implementation of some or all components. The problem can be summarized by the fact that if the interaction constraints are implemented in the methods of an object, these methods may not be inherited because subclasses may not interact in the same way and with the same objects as their super-classes. To solve this problem, we propose to distinguish and to separate two behaviours: the behaviour which specifies the opera

关键词： COMPUTER integrated manufacturing systems object-oriented programming (Computer science)

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Consolidated object repository for civil engineering (CORCE)

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 1997年第1期11卷 70-73页

作者： deMonsabert, S Lemmer, H APPL ENGN MANAGEMENT CORP FAIRFAX VA USA

object-oriented systems are emerging within civil engineering. One of the primary advantages of the use of object-oriented analysis, design, and programming practices is the reuse potential of the developed code. To maximize the reuse potential of civil engineering classes, the requirements for the Consolidated object Repository for Civil Engineering (CORCE) are defined. CORCE information regarding object-oriented applications, class identification, methods, and attributes are listed. The relationship between CORCE and the problem domain component within an application is analyzed. CORCE implementation considerations concerning development and management of the repository are addressed.

关键词： Civil engineering

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CCUBE constraint object-oriented database system

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Constraints 1997年第3-4期2卷 245-277页

作者： Brodsky, Alexander Segal, Victor E. Chen, Jia Exarkhopoulo, Pavel A. George Mason Univ Fairfax United States

Constraints provide a flexible and uniform way to represent diverse data capturing spatio-temporal behavior, complex modeling requirements, partial and incomplete information etc, and have been used in a wide variety of application domains. Constraint databases have recently emerged to deeply integrate data captured by constraints in databases. This paper reports on the development of the first constraint object-oriented database system, CCUBE, and describes its specification, design and implementation. The CCUBE system is designed to be used for the implementation and optimization of high-level constraint object-oriented query languages as well as for directly building software systems requiring extensible use of constraint database features. The CCUBE data manipulation language, Constraint Comprehension Calculus, is an integration of a constraint calculus for extensible constraint domains within monoid comprehensions, which serve as an optimization-level language for object-oriented queries. The data model for the constraint calculus is based on constraint spatio-temporal (CST) objects that may hold spatial, temporal or constraint data, conceptually represented by constraints. New CST objects are constructed, manipulated and queried by means of the constraint calculus. The model for the monoid comprehensions, in turn, is based on the notion of monoids, which is a generalization of collection and aggregation types. The focal point of our work is achieving the right balance between the expressiveness, complexity and representation usefulness, without which the practical use of the system would not be possible. To that end, CCUBE constraint calculus guarantees polynomial time data complexity, and, furthermore, is tightly integrated with the monoid comprehensions to allow deeply interleaved global optimization.

关键词： Constraint theory

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Maximizing object reuse with a biological metaphor

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Theory and Practice of object systems 1997年第4期3卷 235-251页

作者： Astudillo, Hernan MCI Systemhouse Atlanta United States

Reusable objects components are usually organized in libraries. Improving the reusability of such libraries passes by recognizing that there are two parties to component reuse, with different (sometimes conflicting) interests: reuse providers, who privilege optimality of implementation (e.g., to minimize redundancy, or to maximize domain content), and reusers, who privilege identification of assets (by optimal domain representation). These conflicting optimality criteria can be mirrored by having separate hierarchies for types (interfaces) and classes (implementation code). In this paper, we propose a `biological metaphor' for object-oriented hierarchies, borrow some taxonomic numerical techniques for hierarchy construction, and apply them to organize classes and types separate and optimally. In particular, we present a mapping mechanism between types and classes;introduce a set of criteria to minimize the number of classes needed to implement a given set of types;use cladistic algorithms to construct minimal hierarchies of either types or classes;and combine these strands into an iterative type/class co-design process. The application of the approach is illustrated by its equivalence in several object-oriented languages. To provide necessary background, we include a brief introduction to biological classification and to cladistics, specially techniques for hierarchy deduction and minimality criteria.

关键词： Computer aided software engineering

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Issues with exception handling in object-oriented systems 11th

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11th European Conference on object-oriented Programming (ECOOP 97)

作者： Miller, R Tripathi, A Univ Minnesota Dept Comp Sci Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

ISBN: (纸本)3540630899

The goals of exception handling mechanisms are to make programs more reliable and robust. The integration of exception handling mechanisms with object-oriented languages raises some unique issues. The requirements of exception handling often conflict with some of the goals of object-oriented designs, such as supporting design evolution, functional specialization, and abstraction for implementation transparency. This paper demonstrates these conflicts, illustrates that the use of exception handling in object-oriented systems poses potential pitfalls, and suggests that their resolution is one of the first steps necessary to make exception handling robust in object-oriented designs and languages.

关键词： object oriented programming

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A C++ simulator generator from graphical specifications

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1997年第4期27卷 395-423页

作者： Shanbhag, VK Gopinath, K CSA Dept IISc Bangalore 560012 India (email: viveks@*** gopi@csa.iisc.ernet.in) CSA Dept IISc Bangalore 560012 India (email: viveks@*** gopi@csa.iisc.ernet.in)

Many languages for computer systems simulation (like GPSS and CSim) use a stochastic model of systems with the provision of adding procedural code for those aspects of the system that cannot be captured easily by a stochastic model. However, they do not support the hierachical simulation of complex systems well. Complex computer systems may have to be simulated at various levels of abstraction in the interests of tractability: the flexibility of being able to freely move between the different levels of abstraction is very desirable. For example, in the area of computer architecture, one might have analytical models, detailed simulation models and trace-driven models. In addition, these languages do not have user-friendly interfaces for specification of the simulated system. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a simulation package for hierachical simulation of non-real-time computer systems: a Simulator Generator from a Graphical System Specification (SIGGSYS). A new language for system specification has been designed. In addition, the package has the following components: A graphical user interface to aid specification of the system to be simulated. A rear end that generates C++ code that implements a simulator for the specified system. A complete object library along with the header files that implement a functionally complete set of C++ base classes which can be built upon. C++ has been chosen as the intermediate language so that the modeller can use its support for object oriented programming. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： discrete event system simulation object-oriented programming C++ computer architecture

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On the design of a flexible image processing library in C++

On the design of a flexible image processing library in C++

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Conference on Machine Vision Applications, Architectures, and systems Integration VI

作者： Sacha, JP Shabestari, BN Kohler, TA Advanced Imaging Group Edison Industrial Systems Center Toledo OH 43607 1700 N. Westwood Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819426377

There are two crucial, complementary, issues faced during design and implementation of practically any but a simple image processing library. First is an ability to represent a variety of image types, typically the discriminate feature being the pixel type, e.g. binary, short integer, long integer, or floating point. The second issue is implementation of image processing algorithms that will be able to operate on each of the supported image representations. In many traditional library designs this leads to reimplementation of the same algorithm many times, once for each possible image representation. Some attempts to alleviate this problem introduce elaborate schemes of dynamic pixel representation and registration. This results in single algorithm implementation, however, due to dynamic pixel registration, efficiency of these implementations is poor. In this paper, we investigate use of parameterized algorithms and design issues involved in implementing them in C++. We permit single expression of the algorithm to be used with any concrete representation of an image. use of advanced features of C++ and object-oriented programming allow us to use static pixel representations, where pixel types are resolved during compile time instead of run time. This approach leads to very flexible and efficient implementations. We have both advantages: single algorithm implementation for numerous image representations, and best possible speed of execution.

关键词： image processing library parametric algorithms generalized image processing notation object-oriented programming

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Frigate: An object-oriented file system for ordinary users 3

Frigate: An object-oriented file system for ordinary users

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3rd useNIX Conference on object-oriented Technologies, COOTS 1997

作者： Kim, Ted H. Popek, Gerald J. Department of Computer Science UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Vendors cannot provide all the operating system services that users demand. As a result, there has been a persistent desire to make operating systems more flexible and customizable. It is natural that object-oriented technology would come to bear on this area. However, many solutions have been disappointing when it comes to ease of use. This paper describes the design and implementation of Frigate, an object-oriented file system. The goal of Frigate is to provide a modular, extensible framework. The framework allows new extensions to be "plugged-in" on the fly. Frigate's focus differs from most other file system designs in that it is targeted for use by ordinary users rather than by sophisticated operating system gurus. Thus, ease of use is a very important concern in the design. Frigate is fully implemented and supports a set of example file system extensions. © COOTS *** right reserved.

关键词： File organization

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object-oriented design and implementation of an optimizing run-to-run quality controller for semiconductor manufacturing processes

Object-oriented design and implementation of an optimizing r...

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作者： Yeh, Jinn-Yi The University of Texas at Arlington

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation presents a new run-to-run (R2R) multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) controller for semiconductor manufacturing processes. The controller, termed Optimizing Adaptive Quality Controller (OAQC), can act both as an optimizer--in case equipment models are not available--or as a controller for given models. Recursive estimation techniques are utilized for the on-line estimation of the parameters of a MIMO model of the Hammerstein type. This model allows control of linear and nonlinear systems. An object-oriented design (OOD) is developed in this dissertation for the software implementation of the new R2R controller. The OOD is generic and can be utilized for the integration of any MIMO Engineering Process Control (EPC) scheme with any multivariate Statistical Process Control (SPC) chart. The SPC chart can be used to detect deviations from target or act as a deadband on the EPC scheme. By applying this OOD method, the software design of the OAQC is described. The software implementation of the OAQC using the NeXTSTEP object-oriented operating system is described. The NeXTSTEP OAQC can run in "standalone" form or integrated with the University of Michigan's Generic Cell Control (GCC), a discrete-event controller for use in semiconductor manufacturing processes. For testing purposes, four Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) processes were simulated based on real equipment models provided by SEMATECH and other semiconductor companies. Both the open loop and closed loop behaviors of the proposed R2R controller were studied. It is shown that under the presence of noise and drift disturbances of different magnitudes, the OAQC allows to keep adequate control of the responses even if the input-output transfer function is severely nonlinear.

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Guidelines for automated implementation of executable object oriented models for real-time embedded control systems

Guidelines for automated implementation of executable object...

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18th IEEE Real-Time systems Symposium

作者： Saksena, M Freedman, P Rodziewicz, P Concordia Univ Dept Comp Sci Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0818682698

In this paper we present our experiences in applying real-time scheduling theory to embedded control systems designed using ROOM (Real-time object oriented Modeling) methodology. ROOM has originated from the telecommunications community, and has been successfully applied to many commercial systems through the supporting case tool objectime. It is particularly suitable for modeling reactive real-time behavior. Furthermore, it provides many other advantages through the use of object-orientation, and the use of executable models from which code may be generated quickly and efficiently. Since many real-time embedded control systems have significant reactive, event-driven, behavior;it is attractive to use ROOM methodology to develop such systems. However, the ROOM methodology does not provide tools to specify and analyze the temporal behavior as is required for the hard real-time components of embedded systems, and for which the real-time scheduling theory provides an analytical basis. In this paper we show how real-time scheduling theory may be applied to ROOM models using a cruise control example to illustrate. The biggest challenge comes from minimizing the adverse effects of priority inversions. Our results are very encouraging, and we show that not only is it possible to apply real-time scheduling theory, but that it can be done very efficiently provided certain guidelines are followed in the design and implementation of the ROOM model.

关键词： Real time systems

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