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IEE colloquium on Distributed object Management

作者： Kramer, Jeff Imperial Coll London United Kingdom

The specification of system requirements can be construed as a set of tests which the design and subsequent implementation are expected to satisfy. Our approach is to adopt an architectural design methodology in which distributed systems are described, modelled and constructed in terms of their software structure. Descriptions of the constituent software components and their interconnection patterns provide a clear and concise level at which to specify, design and analyse systems, and can be used directly by construction tools to generate the system itself. The Architect's Assistant is intended to provide an environment for supporting this methodology.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Automatic program specialization for Java

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND systems 2003年第4期25卷 452-499页

作者： Schultz, UP Lawall, JL Consel, C Aarhus Univ DAIMI DK-8200 Aarhus N Denmark Univ Copenhagen DIKU DK-2100 Copenhagen O Denmark INRIA LaBRI Rennes France

The object-oriented style of programming facilitates program adaptation and enhances program genericness, but at the expense of efficiency. We demonstrate experimentally that state-of-the-art Java compilers fail to compensate for the use of object-oriented abstractions in the implementation of generic programs, and that program specialization can eliminate a significant portion of these overheads. We present an automatic program specializer for Java, illustrate its use through detailed case studies, and demonstrate experimentally that it can significantly reduce program execution time. Although automatic program specialization could be seen as being subsumed by existing optimizing compiler technology, we show that specialization and compiler optimization are in fact complementary.

关键词： design experimentation automatic program specialization object-oriented languages partial evaluation Java optimization

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WWW-based negotiation support: design, implementation, and use

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DECISION SUPPORT systems 1999年第2期25卷 135-154页

作者： Kersten, GE Noronha, SJ Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Decis Anal & Support Project A-2361 Laxenburg Austria Carleton Univ Ctr Comp Assisted Management Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada IBM Corp Div Res TJ Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Heights NY 10598 USA

Support for international negotiations requires integration of decision-theoretic approaches with communication facilities, and different visualization modes. In addition, negotiation support systems (NSS) should also be tailored to different cultural and educational backgrounds of their users. While there have been studies on cross-cultural negotiations involving simple game or economic models, there have been no experiments with NSS in international and cross-cultural contexts. At the same time the emergence and quickly spreading use of the World Wide Web (WWW) and electronic commerce indicates the potential of NSS supporting commercial transactions across borders. This paper presents INSPIRE, the first Web-based NSS that has been tested and used in teaching and training in several countries. Developed in the context of a cross-cultural study of decision making and negotiation, it has been primarily used to conduct and study negotiation via WWW as well as in teaching and training. The architecture of INSPIRE, which relies heavily on the net-centric computing paradigm and object oriented design, is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： negotiation analysis Web-based support systems negotiation support systems bilateral negotiations preference modeling conjoint analysis object-oriented design cross-cultural negotiation Net-centric computing

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object-oriented Web application development

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IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING 1999年第1期3卷 60-+页

作者： Gellersen, HW Gaedke, M Univ Karlsruhe Telecooperat Off TecO D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany

The Web has evolved into a global environment for delivering all kinds of applications, but their development andmaintenance remains largely ad hoc. The authors suggest that the Web's roots as an information medium establish a resource-based implementation model that is semantically too weak to support the lif cycle of complex applications. They describe new developments in an ongoing project, called WebComposition, for imposing object-orientation on the Web and thus facilitating the use of well-known software development tools. WebComposition is a method based on object-oriented decomposition of Web applications into fine-grained components, which serve as units for composition, sharing, abstraction, reuse, and evolution of Web-based applications. The method uses a Component Store for persistent storage of the component model, and a Resource Generator for automated mapping to an implementation in the Web. WebComposition uses an XML-based language to describe a markup notation for WebComposition concepts.

关键词： Application software object oriented modeling Software maintenance Programming Internet Software design Information systems Large-scale systems Costs Knowledge management

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Using viewpoints to derive object-oriented frameworks: a case study in the web-based education domain

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JOURNAL OF systems AND SOFTWARE 2000年第3期54卷 239-257页

作者： Fontoura, M Crespo, S Lucena, CJ Alencar, PSC Cowan, DD Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Dept Comp Sci BR-22453900 Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Waterloo Comp Syst Grp Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

This paper is an experience report that illustrates the applicability of a viewpoint-based design method for the Web-based education (WBE) domain. The method is a new approach for domain analysis that generates an object-oriented framework from a set of concrete applications. These applications are defined as viewpoints, since they provide different perspectives of the framework domain. Various existent WEE environments have been used as viewpoints in our case study. The design method has been successfully applied for these viewpoints generating the ALADIN framework. The analysed WEE environments are presented through object-oriented diagrams. The implementation and use of ALADIN is discussed to validate the results of the case study. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： viewpoints domain analysis object-oriented frameworks web-based education framework usability domain-specific language

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A purely object-oriented approach for rule-based paradigms

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EXPERT systems WITH APPLICATIONS 1998年第4期14卷 483-492页

作者： Boufriche-Boufaida, Z Univ Constantine Inst Informat Lab Lire Constantine 25000 Algeria

In this paper, I describe an approach for rule-based systems exploiting a purely object-oriented approach. The innovative idea is to consider a new kind of relation between knowledge objects which are believed to model implication relations of production rules. A knowledge base consisting of such objects can be conveniently represented as a Marker Propagating Graph (MPG), which provides rule-based-like representation features. The inference is seen as a marking propagation through the graph. This approach preserves the best of both the object orientation features and expert system functionality. This experimental study concerns the design and the implementation of a medical system for automatic interpretation of biological tests in Preventive Medicine Centers. Because the use of such a system is planned for many years, the possibilities for its future extensions are seriously considered. This would not be possible without a good appreciation of object orientation features. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： object orientation Implication relations Marker propagation-based inference Extensibility Medical systems

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object-oriented design OF OUTPUT ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SIMULATION LANGUAGES

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SIMULATION 1993年第1期60卷 6-16页

作者： MOLLAMUSTAFAOGLU, L GURKAN, G OZGE, AY UNIV WISCONSIN DEPT IND ENGNMADISONWI 53706

Contrary to the importance given to simulation modeling, output analysis has seen little implementation effort. Most of the simulation systems and programs have very primitive forms of output analysis facilities. This might result in either statistically insignificant results, if the analyst does not have correct assumptions about the system and uses a very simple output analysis method, or it can discourage the analyst from using the methods because it will be very hard to use them without ready computer help. This paper analyzes the output analysis methods in literature and reports ways to include them in simulation environments. A generic object-oriented design for output analysis methods is also described. A critical comparison of object-oriented and traditional methods is included.

关键词： OUTPUT ANALYSIS object-oriented PROGRAMMING

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A METRICS SUITE FOR object-oriented design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1994年第6期20卷 476-493页

作者： CHIDAMBER, SR KEMERER, CF Massachusetts Institute of Technology E53-315 30 Wadsworth Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Given the central role that software development plays in the delivery and application of information technology, managers are increasingly focusing on process improvement in the software development area. This demand has spurred the provision of a number of new and/or improved approaches to software development, with perhaps the most prominent being object-orientation (OO). In addition, the focus on process improvement has increased the demand for software measures, or metrics with which to manage the process. The need for such metrics is particularly acute when an organization is adopting a new technology for which established practices have yet to be developed. This research addresses these needs through the development and implementation of a new suite of metrics for OO design. Metrics developed in previous research, while contributing to the field's understanding of software development processes, have generally been subject to serious criticisms, including the lack of a theoretical base. Following Wand and Weber, the theoretical base chosen for the metrics was the ontology of Bunge. Six design metrics are developed, and then analytically evaluated against Weyuker's proposed set of measurement principles. An automated data collection tool was then developed and implemented to collect an empirical sample of these metrics at two field sites in order to demonstrate their feasibility and suggest ways in which managers may use these metrics for process improvement.

关键词： CLASS COMPLEXITY design MANAGEMENT MEASUREMENT METRICS object ORIENTATION PERFORMANCE

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CartaBlanca - a pure-Java, component-based systems simulation tool for coupled nonlinear physics on unstructured grids - an update

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2003年第3-5期15卷 431-458页

作者： VanderHeyden, WB Dendy, ED Padial-Collins, NT Los Alamos Natl Lab Div Theoret Los Alamos NM 87545 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

This paper describes a component-based nonlinear physical system simulation prototyping package written entirely in Java using object-oriented design. The package provides scientists and engineers with a 'developer-friendly' software environment for large-scale computational algorithm and physical model development. The software design centers on the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov solution method surrounding a finite-volume treatment of conservation equations. This enables a clean component-like implementation. We first provide motivation for the development of the software and then discuss software structure. The discussion includes a description of the use of Java's built-in thread facility that enables parallel, shared-memory computations on a wide variety of unstructured grids with triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral and hexahedral elements. We also discuss the use of Java's inheritance mechanism in the construction of a hierarchy of physics systems objects and linear and nonlinear solver objects that simplify development and foster software re-use. We provide a brief review of the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov nonlinear system solution method and discuss how it fits into our design. Following this, we show results from example calculations and then discuss plans including the extension of the software to distributed-memory computer systems. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Java high performance computing object oriented design finite volume nonlinear solver development environment

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Combining ethnography and object-orientation for mobile interaction design: Contextual richness and abstract models

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES 2012年第3期70卷 197-217页

作者： Kjeldskov, Jesper Stage, Jan Aalborg Univ Dept Comp Sci DK-9220 Alborg E Denmark

There has been a lot of interest in ethnography within human computer interaction over the last two decades, and its relevance within systems development is today beyond question. However, one of the challenges reported is that ethnography generates findings and knowledge with such contextual richness that it can be hard to transfer into system design. In the light of recent years' push for the use of ethnography within the area of mobile human computer interaction, this challenge has resurfaced and is of renewed importance to the research field. In this article we describe an interdisciplinary combination of ethnography with a structured software engineering method supporting the transition from collected data to design and implementation. We explore this combination through two case studies of mobile system development for supporting distributed work activities within industrial process control. We show that when developing mobile systems ethnographic data is a highly valuable source of input for developing object-oriented models by providing contextual richness, and that in turn, objected-oriented analysis is a highly valuable method for working with ethnographic field data in systems development by supporting the creation of abstract models. Combining the two, we have a method where ethnographic field studies inform core system design. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile interaction design Ethnography object-oriented analysis System development Mobile work Distributed collaboration

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