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4th ISPRS International Workshop 3d-ARCH - 3d virtual reconstruction and visualization of complex architectures

作者： Rizzi, A. Baratti, G. Jimenez, B. Girardi, S. Remondino, F. Bruno Kessler Fdn FBK Opt Metrol Unit 3D Trento Italy Univ Milan I-20122 Milan Italy

In the last years, thanks to the advances of surveying sensors and techniques, many heritage sites could be accurately replicated in digital form with very detailed and impressive results. The actual limits are mainly related to hardware capabilities, computation time and low performance of personal computer. Often, the produced models are not visible on a normal computer and the only solution to easily visualized them is offline using rendered videos. This kind of 3d representations is useful for digital conservation, divulgation purposes or virtual tourism where people can visit places otherwise closed for preservation or security reasons. But many more potentialities and possible applications are available using a 3d model. The problem is the ability to handle 3d data as without adequate knowledge this information is reduced to standard 2d data. This article presents some surveying and 3d modeling experiences within the APSAT project ("Ambiente e Paesaggi dei Siti d'Altura Trentini", i.e. Environment and Landscapes of Upland Sites in Trentino). APSAT is a multidisciplinary project funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy) with the aim documenting, surveying, studying, analysing and preserving mountainous and hill-top heritage sites located in the region. The project focuses on theoretical, methodological and technological aspects of the archaeological investigation of mountain landscape, considered as the product of sequences of settlements, parcelling-outs, communication networks, resources, and symbolic places. The mountain environment preserves better than others the traces of hunting and gathering, breeding, agricultural, metallurgical, symbolic activities characterised by different lengths and environmental impacts, from Prehistory to the Modern Period. Therefore the correct surveying and documentation of this heritage sites and material is very important. Within the project, the 3dOM unit of FBK is delivering all the surveying and 3d material to t

关键词： Cultural Heritage Laser scanning Photogrammetry 3d modeling

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QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 8

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SUR...

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8th International Workshop on 3d virtual reconstruction and visualization of complex architectures (3d-ARCH)

作者： Barba, S. Barbarella, M. di Benedetto, A. Fiani, M. Limongiello, M. Univ Salerno Dept Civil Engn Fisciano SA Italy Univ Bologna Dept Civil Chem Environm & Mat Engn ARCES Bologna Italy Roma Tre Univ Dept Civil Engn Rome Italy

The paper reports the results of a photogrammetric survey made using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in the archaeological site of the Roman Amphitheatre in Avella (Avellino, Italy). The aim of the study is to verify which modality of image acquisition (if only nadiral images or nadiral plus Oblique images), together with the method of Global Positioning Satellite System (GNSS) survey of the Ground Control Points (GCP) is able to produce the better 3d model, in terms of accuracy, in order to extract traditional graphic drawings (plan, elevation and section), suited to the required representation scales (1: 100 and 1: 50). The accuracy in georeferencing was evaluated analysing the residues on the GCPs;subsequently, a more detailed analysis of the accuracy of the final 3d model was performed analysing the residuals on the image coordinates, also called re-projection error. The method developed is based on the statistical analysis of the different models, built changing the GCPs survey method and the photogrammetric shots acquired. The results of our analysis show that the photogrammetric survey is more 'stable' using only nadiral images and that the nRTK technique allows results comparable to those obtained with static measurements, both in precision and in reliability. Moreover, if the GCPs are measured in nRTK mode, taking into consideration the graphical error, the maximum representation scale is 1: 100, whereas the use of static technique makes it possible to describe major details, at a scale of 1:50.

关键词： Reprojection errors Amphitheatre of Avella 3d model GNSS measurement

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Research on 3d reconstruction of Chemical Pipeline Based on an Isometric drawing 6

Research on 3D Reconstruction of Chemical Pipeline Based on ...

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6th International conference on virtual Reality and visualization (ICVRV)

作者： Zhang Yan Zhang Xiaokai Li Nan Qu Qingying LNPU LIAONING SHIHUA Univ Fushun Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509051885

The isometric drawings of chemical pipelines extensively exist in the design and production of chemical enterprises. The isometric expressing method closes to human vision, usually applied in the pipeline construction as an aided drawing. However, the isometric drawing is still 2d projection essentially, which is difficult from different viewpoints to observe pipelines' layout, direction, interferences and collisions among pipelines. To begin with analyzing the relationship among different coordinate systems, it is studied to obtain data in the world coordinate system, judge the pipeline directions, deduce the coordinate transformation matrix, finally achieve 3d data reconstruction of chemical pipelines and build their 3d models. The validity of this algorithm has been verified through the practical examples, and some key problems of pipeline 3d reconstruction based on the isometric drawing have been solved effectively.

关键词： isometric drawing 3d data reconstruction 3d modeling chemical pipelines

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PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY WITH FISHEYE LENS FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LA SASSA CAVE 8

PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY WITH FISHEYE LENS FOR THE CHARACTERIZ...

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8th International Workshop on 3d virtual reconstruction and visualization of complex architectures (3d-ARCH)

作者： Alessandri, L. Baiocchi, V. del Pizzo, S. Rolfo, M. F. Troisi, S. Univ Groningen GIA Poststr 6 NL-9712 ER Groningen Netherlands Sapienza Univ Rome DICEA Via Eudossiana 18 I-00184 Rome Italy Parthenope Univ Naples Ctr Direz Isola C4 Naples Italy Univ Tor Vergata Dept Hist Culture & Soc Via Columbia 1 I-00133 Rome Italy

The survey of ancient cave can generally be performed by traditional topographic methods that allow also its georeferencing in a global reference frame;some difficulties may arise when there are narrow tunnels that do not consent the use of a total station or a terrestrial laser scanner. In such cases a visual-based approach can be used to produce, both the followed path and the 3d model of the hypogeal environment. A prompt photogrammetric survey has been used to reconstruct the morphology of the La Sassa Cave, situated in the municipality of Sonnino (Latina), in the lower Lazio region. In this cave, a very large quantity of Pleistocene animal bones was found, together with several fragments of Copper Age human bones and Bronze Age impasto potsherds. The survey was carried out using a dSLR full frame camera Nikon d800E with a Nikkor 16 mm fisheye lens pre-calibrated. during the acquisition, several targets were measured in order to contain the deformations model. The photogrammetric model has been georeferenced using 3 GCPs positioned outside the cave entrance where a double frequency GNSS receiver has acquired data in static session mode.

关键词： Photogrammetry Structure from Motion Cultural Heritage 3d modeling Georeferencing Bronze Age Pleistocene

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3d STRUCTURE ANALYSIS: ARCHITECTURE AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE TIES BETWEEN GEOMETRY ANd PHILOSOPHY 8

3D STRUCTURE ANALYSIS: ARCHITECTURE AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE ...

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8th International Workshop on 3d virtual reconstruction and visualization of complex architectures (3d-ARCH)

作者： Bellone, Tamara Mussio, Luigi Porporato, Chiara Politecn Turino DIATI Turin Italy Politecn Milan DICA Milan Italy

In recent decades many Geomatics-based methods have been created to reconstruct and visualize objects, and these include digital photogrammetry, Lidar, remote sensing and hybrid techniques. The methods used to process such data are the result of research straddling the fields of Geomatics and Computer Vision, and employ techniques arising from approaches of analytical, geometric and statistical nature. One of the most fascinating fields of application concerns Architecture, which, moreover, has always depended on Mathematics generally and, more specifically, on Geometry. Throughout history the link between Geometry and Architecture has been strong and while architects have used mathematics to construct their buildings, geometry has always been the essential tool allowing them to choose spatial shapes which are aesthetically appropriate. Historically, mathematics and philosophy have been interrelated;many philosophers of the past were also mathematicians. The link between Philosophy and Architecture is twofold: on the one hand, philosophers have discussed what architecture is, on the other, philosophy has contributed to the development of architecture. We will deal with the ties between Architecture, Geometry and Philosophy over the centuries. Although there are artistic suggestions that go beyond time and space, and there are genial precursors, we can identify, in principle, some epochs: the ancient era, the modern era, and fmally the contemporary epoch, from the crisis of positivistic sciences to globalisation.

关键词： Euclidean Geometry Projective Geometry Non Euclidean Geometries Mathematics and Philosophy Mathematics and Architecture Philosophy of Architecture

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3d immersive visualization of micro-computed tomography and XRd texture datasets

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POWdER dIFFRACTION 2019年第2期34卷 97-102页

作者： Rodriguez, M. A. Amon, T. T. Griego, J. J. M. Brown-Shaklee, H. Green, N. Sandia Natl Labs POB 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185 USA Dept Energys Kansas City Natl Secur Campus Honeyw Kansas City MO 64147 USA

Advancements in computer technology have enabled three-dimensional (3d) reconstruction, data-stitching, and manipulation of 3d data obtained on X-ray imaging systems such as micro-computed tomography (mu-CT). Likewise, intuitive evaluation of these 3d datasets can be enhanced by recent advances in virtual reality (VR) hardware and software. Additionally, the generation, viewing, and manipulation of 3d X-ray diffraction datasets, such as pole figures employed for texture analysis, can also benefit from these advanced visualization techniques. We present newly-developed protocols for porting 3d data (as TIFF-stacks) into a Unity gaming software platform so that data may be toured, manipulated, and evaluated within a more-intuitive VR environment through the use of game-like controls and 3d headsets. We demonstrate this capability by rendering mu-CT data of a polymer dogbone test bar at various stages of in situ mechanical strain. An additional experiment is presented showing 3d XRd data collected on an aluminum test block with vias. These 3d XRd data for texture analysis (chi, phi, 2 theta dimensions) enables the viewer to visually inspect 3d pole figures and detect the presence or absence of in-plane residual macrostrain. These two examples serve to illustrate the benefits of this new methodology for multidimensional analysis.

关键词： 3d immersive visualization micro-computed tomography XRd texture datasets

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An Effective Scheme to Accelerate NeRF for Web Applications Using Hash-based Caching and Precomputed Features

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JOURNAL OF WEB ENGINEERING 2024年第7期23卷 1041-1056页

作者： Bae, Okhwan Hong, Chung-Pyo Hoseo Univ Div Comp Engn Cheonan South Korea

In recent years, 3d reconstruction and rendering technologies have become increasingly important in various web-based applications within the field of web technology. In particular, with the emergence of technologies such as WebGL and WebGPU, which enable real-time 3d content rendering in web browsers, immersive experiences and interactions on the web have been significantly enhanced. These technologies are widely used in applications such as 3d visualization of virtual products or 3d exploration of building interiors on real estate websites. Through these advancements, users can experience 3d content directly in their browsers without the need to install additional software, greatly expanding the possibilities of the web. Amidst this trend, the neural radiance field (NeRF) has garnered attention as a cutting-edge technology that improves the accuracy of 3d reconstruction and rendering. NeRF is a technique widely used in computer vision and graphics for reconstructing 3d spaces from 2d images taken from multiple viewpoints. By predicting the color and density of each pixel, NeRF captures the complex 3d structure and optical properties of a scene, enabling highly accurate 3d reconstructions. However, NeRF's primary limitation is the time-consuming nature of both the training and inference processes. Research efforts to address this issue have focused on two key areas: optimizing network architectures and training procedures to accelerate scene learning, and improving inference speed for faster rendering. While progress has been made in enhancing training speed, challenges remain in improving the inference process. To address these limitations, we propose a two-step approach to significantly improve NeRF's performance. First, we optimize the training phase through a multi-resolution hash encoding technique, reducing the computational complexity and speeding up the learning process. Second, we accelerate the inference phase by caching the input data of the NeRF MLP, wh

关键词： Neural radiance field multiresolution hash encoding 3d recon- struction cache

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3d virtual reconstruction and Augmented Reality visualization of damaged Stone Sculptures

3D Virtual Reconstruction and Augmented Reality Visualizatio...

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conference on Florence Heri-Tech - The Future of Heritage Science and Technologies

作者： Gherardini, Francesco Santachiara, Mattia Leali, Francesco Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia Dept Engn Enzo Ferrari Via Pietro Vivarelli 10 I-41125 Modena Italy Santasco Via Dardano Fenulli 19 I-42123 Reggio Emilia Italy

This paper proposes the integration of photogrammetric reconstruction, 3d modelling and augmented reality application in order to achieve the complete visualization of a stone sculpture even if highly damaged or fragmentary. The first part of the research aims to the reconstruction of the original appearance of an incomplete sculpture, by using photogrammetric techniques based on standard resolution photos and, if possible, free software in order to obtain a digital model;then, we integrate this model with other 3d digital data (from other sculptures of the same period) or by 3d modelling in accordance with art-historical and archaeological studies. The second part of the research consists of embedding the 3d model in a custom Android application able to render in real-time the reconstructed parts of the damaged sculpture. Then, the rendering is overlaid on the video stream of the real scene and, as a result, a complete 3d digital model of the sculpture is achieved and could be visualized through a virtual Reality viewer. As a case study, we focus on a Roman stone funerary sculpture of a male lion conserved in the Museo Lapidario Estense of Modena (Italy), which lacks of its muzzle and its four legs. The original appearance of the lion may be supposed by modelling and integrating the damaged sculpture with other photogrammetric details of funerary lion sculptures of the same period, according to art-historical sources. Finally, the lion is visualized through an augmented reality application which digitally overlays the reconstructed parts on the real sculpture.

关键词： Photogrammetry Augmented Reality virtual modelling Real-time visualization Cultural heritage

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The 3d reconstruction and visualization of Seokguram Grotto World Heritage Site 20

The 3D reconstruction and visualization of Seokguram Grotto ...

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20th International conference on virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM)

作者： Park, Jin-ho Muhammad, Tufail Jae-hong, Ahn Korea Culture Technol Res Inst Gwangju 500712 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Grad Sch Culture Technol Daejeon 305701 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781479972272

Seokguram Grotto is the most notable heritage site of the Shilla dynasty, representing the Buddhist rock art with various architectural, mathematical and geometrical skills. Owing to its universal value and a representative masterpiece of Buddhist culture around the world, it was listed as a World Heritage Site in december 1995 under the UNESCO World Heritage Criteria for Selection. due to its enormous cultural significance and diverse location, the site witnesses various environmental conditions and tourism pressure which affects its prestigious status and sustainability. This raises the need of a 3d reconstruction and visualization, and presentation. 3d scanning approach is a generally accepted technique for the collection of 3d representation of heritage sites. For this reason, the laser scan technology was extensively used by measuring 3d surface coordinates to produce a complete 3d digital replica of Seokguram Grotto. Particularly, laser scanning technique was used to collect various 3d scan data, featuring high data acquisition rates, good accuracy and high 3d data density. The scan data were then optimized to produce geometric accuracy and visual quality of the collected textured 3d models. Our approach has enabled us to produce a complete 3d stereoscopic exhibition of Seokguram Grotto.

关键词： Seokguram Grotto 3d reconstruction 3d visualization 3d scanning

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INTEGRATION OF SURVEYING TECHNIQUES TO dETECT THE IdEAL SHAPE OF A dOME: THE CASE OF THE ESCUELAS PIAS CHURCH IN VALENCIA 8

INTEGRATION OF SURVEYING TECHNIQUES TO DETECT THE IDEAL SHAP...

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8th International Workshop on 3d virtual reconstruction and visualization of complex architectures (3d-ARCH)

作者： Artese, Serena Lerma, Jose Luis Molla, Juan Aznar Sanchez, Rafael Marin Zinno, Raffaele Univ Calabria Dept Civil Engn Cubo 45-BVia Pietro Bucci I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende CS Italy Univ Politecn Valencia Photogrammetry & Laser Scanner Res Grp GIFLE Dept Cartog Engn Geodesy & Photogrammetry C VeraS-NBldg 7i E-46022 Valencia Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Architectural Construct C VeraS-NBldg 1b E-46022 Valencia Spain Univ Calabria Dept Informat Modeling Elect & Syst Engn Via P Bucci Cubo 42C I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende Italy

The three-dimensional (3d) documentation and surveying of cultural heritage can be carried out following several geomatics techniques such as laser scanning and thermography in order to detect the original 3d shape after applying reverse engineering solutions. In almost all cases, the integration of data collected by different instruments is needed to achieve a successful and comprehensive 3d model of the as-built architectural shape of the historical building. This paper describes the operations carried out by the authors to determine the as-built 3d model of the Escuelas Pias Church, related namely to the dome and circular nave. After the description of the church and historical notes, attention will be driven to the indirect registration results obtained with three different laser scanning software packages, highlighting similarities and differences, and the consequences while generating meshes. The 3d model carried out will then be described and the results of some investigations with regard to the hypotheses about the design of the dome and the origin of the alterations will be presented.

关键词： Laser scanner Cultural heritage Thermal camera 3d modelling

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