Over the last decades 3d modelling has been a fast growing field in Geographic Information Science, extensively applied in various domains including reconstruction andvisualization of cultural heritage, especially mo...
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Over the last decades 3d modelling has been a fast growing field in Geographic Information Science, extensively applied in various domains including reconstruction andvisualization of cultural heritage, especially monuments and traditional settlements. Technological advances in computer graphics, allow for modelling of complex3d objects achieving high precision and accuracy. Procedural modelling is an effective tool and a relatively novel method, based on algorithmic modelling concept. It is utilized for the generation of accurate 3d models and composite facade textures from sets of rules which are called Computer Generated Architecture grammars (CGA grammars), defining the objects' detailed geometry, rather than altering or editing the model manually. In this paper, procedural modelling tools have been exploited to generate the 3d model of a traditional settlement in the region of Central Zagori in Greece. The detailed geometries of 3d models derived from the application of shape grammars on selected footprints, and the process resulted in a final 3d model, optimally describing the built environment of Central Zagori, in three levels of detail (Lod). The final 3d scene was exported and published as 3d web-scene which can be viewed with 3d CityEngine viewer, giving a walkthrough the whole model, same as in virtual reality or game environments. This research work addresses issues regarding textures' precision, Lod for 3d objects and interactive visualization within one 3d scene, as well as the effectiveness of large scale modelling, along with the benefits anddrawbacks that derive from procedural modelling techniques in the field of cultural heritage and more specifically on 3d modelling of traditional settlements.
Nowadays, the adoption of BIM processes in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) industry means to be oriented towards synergistic workflows, based on informative instruments capable of realizing the vi...
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Nowadays, the adoption of BIM processes in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) industry means to be oriented towards synergistic workflows, based on informative instruments capable of realizing the virtual model of the building. The target of this article is to speak about the interoperability matter, approaching the subject through a theoretical part and also a practice example, in order to show how these notions are applicable in real situations. In particular, the case study analysed belongs to the Cultural Heritage field, where it is possible to find some difficulties - both in the modelling and sharing phases - due to the complexity of shapes and elements. Focusing on the interoperability between different software, the questions are: What and how many kind of information can I share? Given that this process leads also to a standardization of the modelled parts, is there the possibility of an accuracy loss?
3d models of tree geometry are important for numerous studies, such as for urban planning or agricultural studies. In climatology, tree models can be necessary for simulating the cooling effect of trees by estimating ...
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3d models of tree geometry are important for numerous studies, such as for urban planning or agricultural studies. In climatology, tree models can be necessary for simulating the cooling effect of trees by estimating their evapotranspiration. The literature shows that the more accurate the 3d structure of a tree is, the more accurate microclimate models are. This is the reason why, since 2013, we have been developing an algorithm for the reconstruction of trees from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data, which we call TreeArchitecture. Meanwhile, new promising algorithms dedicated to tree reconstruction have emerged in the literature. In this paper, we assess the capacity of our algorithm and of two others - PlantScan3d and SimpleTree- to reconstruct the 3d structure of trees. The aim of this reconstruction is to be able to characterize the geometric complexity of trees, with different heights, sizes and shapes of branches. Based on a specific surveying workflow with a TLS, we have acquireddense point clouds of six different urban trees, with specific architectures, before reconstructing them with each algorithm. Finally, qualitative and quantitative assessments of the models are performed using reference tree reconstructions and field measurements. Based on this assessment, the advantages and the limits of every reconstruction algorithm are highlighted. Anyway, very satisfying results can be reached for 3dreconstructions of tree topology as well as of tree volume.
Since 2005, dIAPReM Centre of the department of Architecture of the University of Ferrara, in collaboration with the "Centro Studi Leon Battista Alberti" Foundation and the Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca, is ca...
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Since 2005, dIAPReM Centre of the department of Architecture of the University of Ferrara, in collaboration with the "Centro Studi Leon Battista Alberti" Foundation and the Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca, is carrying out a research project for the creation of 3ddatabases that could allow the development of a critical interpretation of Alberti's architectural work. The project is primarily based on a common three-dimensional integrated survey methodology for the creation of a navigable multilayereddatabase. The research allows the possibility of reiterative metrical analysis, thanks to the use of a coherent data in order to check and validate hypothesis by researchers, art historians and scholars on Alberti's architectural work. Coherently with this methodological framework, indeed, two case studies are explained in this paper: the church of San Sebastiano in Matua and The Church of the Santissima Annunziata in Florence. Furthermore, thanks to a brief introduction of further developments of the project, a short graphical analysis of preliminary results on Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini opens new perspectives of research.
The work presented in this paper investigates the effect of the radiometry of the underwater imagery on automating the 3dreconstruction and the produced orthoimagery. Main aim is to investigate whether pre-processing...
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The work presented in this paper investigates the effect of the radiometry of the underwater imagery on automating the 3dreconstruction and the produced orthoimagery. Main aim is to investigate whether pre-processing of the underwater imagery improves the 3dreconstruction using automated SfM - MVS software or not. Since the processing of images either separately or in batch is a time-consuming procedure, it is critical to determine the necessity of implementing colour correction and enhancement before the SfM - MVS procedure or directly to the final orthoimage when the orthoimagery is the deliverable. Two different test sites were used to capture imagery ensuring different environmental conditions, depth andcomplexity. Three different image correction methods are applied: A very simple automated method using Adobe Photoshop, a developed colour correction algorithm using the CLAHE (Zuiderveld, 1994) method and an implementation of the algorithm described in Bianco et al., (2015). The produced point clouds using the initial and the corrected imagery are then being compared and evaluated.
The depth of Field (doF) is a vital factor in photogrammetric applications. Its effect is in most cases pretty obvious especially when capturing small artefacts. It is very important to observe its behaviour as it aff...
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The depth of Field (doF) is a vital factor in photogrammetric applications. Its effect is in most cases pretty obvious especially when capturing small artefacts. It is very important to observe its behaviour as it affects the ability to capture all the details of an object. Focus stacking is a technique in computational photography, in which a set of images focused on different planes with limiteddoF are combined in order to considerably extend the doF. Today, there is a number of focus stacking methods that can be applied in order to produce a full-focus image. In this paper, we investigate the application and effects of focus stacking on SfM-MVS 3dreconstruction. Specifically, our experiment involves the 3dreconstruction of a selected artefact using both traditional all-focus photography and focus stacking. The artefact has already been digitised with a high accuracy and resolution structured light 3d scanner, and that 3d model served as the reference model, with which SfM models were compared. We discuss on these fist results and present some preliminary assessment on the application of focus stacking for the SfM-MVS-based3dreconstruction.
In-situ calibration of structured light scanners in underwater environments is time-consuming and complicated. This paper presents a self-calibrating line laser scanning system, which enables the creation of dense 3d ...
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In-situ calibration of structured light scanners in underwater environments is time-consuming and complicated. This paper presents a self-calibrating line laser scanning system, which enables the creation of dense 3d models with a single fixed camera and a freely moving hand-held cross line laser projector. The proposed approach exploits geometric constraints, such as coplanarities, to recover the depth information and is applicable without any prior knowledge of the position and orientation of the laser projector. By employing an off-the-shelf underwater camera and a waterproof housing with high power line lasers an affordable 3d scanning solution can be built. In experiments the performance of the proposed technique is studied and compared with 3dreconstruction using explicit calibration. We demonstrate that the scanning system can be applied to above-the-water as well as underwater scenes.
This paper investigates immersive technologies to increase exploration time in an underwater archaeological site, both for the public, as well as, for researchers and scholars. Focus is on the Mazotos shipwreck site i...
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This paper investigates immersive technologies to increase exploration time in an underwater archaeological site, both for the public, as well as, for researchers and scholars. Focus is on the Mazotos shipwreck site in Cyprus, which is located 44 meters underwater. The aim of this work is two-fold: (a) realistic modelling and mapping of the site and (b) an immersive virtual reality visit. For 3d modelling and mapping optical data were used. The underwater exploration is composed of a variety of sea elements including: plants, fish, stones, and artefacts, which are randomly positioned. Users can experience an immersive virtual underwater visit in Mazotos shipwreck site and get some information about the shipwreck and its contents for raising their archaeological knowledge and cultural awareness.
3d laser scanners are typically not able to collect color information. Therefore coloring is often done by projecting photos of an additional camera to the 3d scans. The capturing process is time consuming and therefo...
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3d laser scanners are typically not able to collect color information. Therefore coloring is often done by projecting photos of an additional camera to the 3d scans. The capturing process is time consuming and therefore prone to changes in the environment. The appearance of the colored point cloud is mainly effected by changes of lighting conditions and corresponding camera settings. In case of panorama images these exposure variations are typically corrected by radiometrical aligning the input images to each other. In this paper we adopt existing methods for panorama optimization in order to correct the coloring of point clouds. Therefore corresponding pixels from overlapping images are selected by using geometrically closest points of the registered3d scans and their neighboring pixels in the images. The dynamic range of images in raw format allows for correction of large exposure differences. Two experiments demonstrate the abilities of the approach.
Today 3d models and point clouds are very popular being currently used in several fields, shared through the internet and even accessed on mobile phones. despite their broad availability, there is still a relevant nee...
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Today 3d models and point clouds are very popular being currently used in several fields, shared through the internet and even accessed on mobile phones. despite their broad availability, there is still a relevant need of methods, preferably automatic, to provide 3ddata with meaningful attributes that characterize and provide significance to the objects represented in 3d. Segmentation is the process of grouping point clouds into multiple homogeneous regions with similar properties whereas classification is the step that labels these regions. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the most popular methodologies and algorithms to segment and classify 3d point clouds. Strong and weak points of the different solutions presented in literature or implemented in commercial software will be listed and shortly explained. For some algorithms, the results of the segmentation and classification is shown using real examples at different scale in the Cultural Heritage field. Finally, open issues and research topics will be discussed.
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