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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technology 2000"

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Highly Accelerated Life testing of LED Luminaries

Highly Accelerated Life Testing of LED Luminaries

引用

13th International conference on Electronic Packaging technology and High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP)

作者： Cai, M. Chen, W. B. Liang, L. L. Gong, M. Tian, W. C. Tang, H. Y. Koh, S. Yuan, C. A. Zhang, Z. Zhang, G. Q. Yang, D. G. Guilin Univ Elect Technol Guangxi Key Lab Mfg Syst & Adv Mfg Technol Guilin 541004 Peoples R China Delft Univ Technol Delft Inst Micro Syst & Nanoelectron Dimes NL-2628CD Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781467316811;9781467316828

With rapid development of lighting emitting diode (LED) market, more people are focusing on reliability testing method of LED luminaries system. Based on the previous exploration, to assess the whole system reliability with a fast way, authors propose to divide the system into several subsystems, and then carry out step stress accelerated testing (SSAT) to get failure mechanism and reliability distribution of each subsystem, finally calculate the life distribution of the whole system by combining with system statistics analysis methodologies. The fIrst step, the most important step, is to know the stress limit of the subsystem before conducting SSAT testing. The intention of normal highly accelerated life test (HALT) process is to subject the item under test to stimuli well beyond the expected field environments to determine its operating and destruct limits, but without enough attention on those degradation parameters of products, especially like LED products which present their life characteristics on many output parameters, such as lumen maintenance, color rendering index (CRI), chromaticity coordinate, junction temperature and optical efficiency, which included important life information. Therefore, Focused on the LED light source subsystem, it is not practical to accelerate it with HALT by only focused on failure or destructive data. In this paper, different HALT procedure with different objects is introduced, and two types of LED system from separated vendors are conducted proposed HALT before SSAT testing. Test results suggested that it is feasible to observe output parameters of LED products to decide the stress limitation during HALT testing, pseudo junction temperature and Lumen maintenance can be regarded well as key parameters. For other parameters of system, different parameter has changed with different rule, which indicates that key concerned factor should be fIxed. Meanwhile, it is found that the lumen maintenance decreases very fast when temp stress

关键词： failure analysis life testing light emitting diodes statistical analysis

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Null Compensator testing Convex Freeform Surface Mirror with CGH technology

Null Compensator Testing Convex Freeform Surface Mirror with...

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2012 International conference on Future optical Materials and Circuit Design(FOMCD 2012)

作者： Zhang Zhong-yu Zhang Bin-zhi Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsCAS

The Computer Generated Hologram( CGH) technique is the main method for optical testing the free form *** testing a convex free form surface mirror, a CGH element with the surface testing, interferometer and free form mirror precise position function was designed by use of appropriative software, the testing precision was less than 0.011λ( λ=632.8nm) in RMS value by this means.

关键词： Freeform surface Precision testing Computer generated hologram Null compensator testing

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Hypersonic boundary layer measurements with variable blowing rates using molecular tagging velocimetry

Hypersonic boundary layer measurements with variable blowing...

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28th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement technology, Ground testing and Flight testing conference 2012

作者： Bathel, Brett F. Danehy, Paul M. Johansen, Craig T. Jones, Stephen B. Goyne, Christopher P. NASA Langley Research Center University of Virginia and NASA Graduate Co-op Hampton VA 23681-2199 United States University of Calgary Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada University of Virginia Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Aerospace Research Laboratory PO Box 400248 Charlottesville VA 22904 United States Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch MS 493 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624101892

Measurements of mean and instantaneous streamwise velocity profiles in a hypersonic boundary layer with variable rates of mass injection (blowing) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained over a 10-degree half-angle wedge model. The NO2 was seeded into the flow from a slot located 29.4 mm downstream of the sharp leading edge. The top surface of the wedge was oriented at a 20 degree angle in the Mach 10 flow, yielding an edge Mach number of approximately 4.2. The streamwise velocity profiles and streamwise fluctuating velocity component profiles were obtained using a three-laser NO2^NO photolysis molecular tagging velocimetry method. Observed trends in the mean streamwise velocity profiles and profiles of the fluctuating component of streamwise velocity as functions of the blowing rate are described. An effort is made to distinguish between the effect of blowing rate and wall temperature on the measured profiles. An analysis of the mean velocity profiles for a constant blowing rate is presented to determine the uncertainty in the measurement for different probe laser delay settings. Measurements of streamwise velocity were made to within approximately 120 μm of the model surface. The streamwise spatial resolution in this experiment ranged from 0.6 mm to 2.6 mm. An improvement in the spatial precision of the measurement technique has been made, with spatial uncertainties reduced by about a factor of 2 compared to previous measurements. For the quiescent flow calibration measurements presented, uncertainties as low as 2 m/s are obtained at 95% confidence for long delay times (25 μs). For the velocity measurements obtained with the wind tunnel operating, average single-shot uncertainties of less than 44 m/s are obtained at 95% confidence with a probe laser delay setting of 1 μs. The measurements were performed in the 31-inch Mach 10 Air Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center.

关键词： Velocity measurement

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Highly Accelerated Life testing of LED Luminaries

Highly Accelerated Life Testing of LED Luminaries

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2012 International conference on Electronic Packaging technology & Hiigh Pachaging(2012电子封装和高密度封装国际会议(ICEPT-HDP2012))

作者： W.C Tian M.Gong M.Cai W.B Chen D.G Yang H.Y Tang Z.Zhang L.L Liang G.Q.Zhang C.A Yuan S.Koh Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology Guilin Universi Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology Guilin Universi Delft Institute of Microsystems and Nanoelectronics(Dimes) Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg 6

ISBN: (纸本)9781467316828

With rapid development of lighting emitting diode (LED) market,more people are focusing on reliability testing method of LED luminaries *** on the previous exploration,to assess the whole system reliability with a fast way,authors propose to divide the system into several subsystems,and then carry out step stress accelerated testing (SSAT) to get failure mechanism and reliability distribution of each subsystem,finally calculate the life distribution of the whole system by combining with system statistics analysis *** first step,the most important step,is to know the stress limit of the subsystem before conducting SSAT *** intention of normal highly accelerated life test (HALT) process is to subject the item under test to stimuli well beyond the expected field environments to determine its operating and destruct limits,but without enough attention on those degradation parameters of products,especially like LED products which present their life characteristics on many output parameters,such as lumen maintenance,color rendering index (CRI),chromaticity coordinate,junction temperature and optical efficiency,which included important life ***,Focused on the LED light source subsystem,it is not practical to accelerate it with HALT by only focused on failure or destructive *** this paper,different HALT procedure with different objects is introduced,and two types of LED system from separated vendors are conducted proposed HALT before SSAT *** results suggested that it is feasible to observe output parameters of LED products to decide the stress limitation during HALT testing,pseudo junction temperature and Lumen maintenance can be regarded well as key *** other parameters of system,different parameter has changed with different rule,which indicates that key concerned factor should be ***,it is found that the lumen maintenance decreases very fast when temp stress over 110 ℃.When focused on so

关键词： Highly accelerated lifetime testing Light emitting diodes SMIM10L2A gene SUB-SYSTEM stress limit Failure mechanisms ACCELERATED testing Accelerated life-tests Life testing diamine N-acetyltransferase

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Wafer-Level Micro-Optics: Trends in manufacturing, testing and Packaging

Wafer-Level Micro-Optics: Trends in Manufacturing, Testing a...

引用

conference on optical Fabrication, testing, and Metrology IV

作者： Voelkel, Reinhard Weible, Kenneth J. Eisner, Martin SUSS MicroOpt SA CH-2000 Neuchatel Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487957

Micro-optics is an indispensable key enabling technology (KET) for many applications today. The important role of micro-optical components is based on three different motivations: miniaturization, high functionality and packaging aspects. It is obvious that miniaturized systems require micro-optics for light focusing, light shaping and imaging. More important for industrial applications is the high functionality of micro-optics that allows combining these different functions in one element. In DUV Lithography Steppers and Scanners an extremely precise beam shaping of the Excimer laser profile is required. High-precision diffractive optical elements are well suited for this task. For Wafer-Level Cameras (WLC) and fiber optical systems the packaging aspects are more important. Wafer-Level Micro-Optics technology allows manufacturing and packaging some thousands of sub-components in parallel. We report on the state of the art in wafer-based manufacturing, testing and packaging.

关键词： Micro-optics microlens array diffractive optical elements wafer-level optics wafer-level packaging beam shaping fiber coupling array illumination Shack-Hartmann confocal microscope slow-axis collimator

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advanced manufacturing Technologies for Reduced Cost and Weight in Portable, Ruggedized, VIS-IR, Multi-mode optical Systems, for Land, Sea, and Air

Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Reduced Cost and Wei...

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conference on Infrared technology and Applications XXXVII

作者： Sweeney, Michael Spinazzola, Robert Morrison, Don Macklin, Dennis Marion, Jared Axsys Technol Nashua NH USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819485861

Homeland security systems, special forces, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and marine patrols require low cost, high performance, multi-mode visible through infrared (VIS-IR) wavelength optical systems to identify and neutralize potential threats that often arise at long ranges and under poor visibility conditions. Long range and wide spectral performance requirements favor reflective optical system design solutions. The limited field of view of such designs can be significantly enhanced by the use of catadioptric optical solutions that utilize molded or diamond point machined VIS-IR lenses downstream from reflective objective optics. A common optical aperture that services multiple modes of field-of-view, operating wavelength, and includes laser ranging and spotting, provides the highest utility and is most ideal for size and weight. Such a design also often requires fast, highly aspheric, reflective, refractive, and sometimes diffractive surfaces using high performance and aggressively light-weighted materials that demand the finest of manufacturing technologies. Visible wavelength performance sets the bar for component optical surface irregularity on the order of 20 nm RMS and surface finishes less than 3.0 nm RMS. Aluminum mirrors and structures can also be precision machined to yield "snap together alignment" or limited compensation assembly approaches to reduce cost and enhance interchangeability. Diamond point turning, die cast and investment cast mirror substrates and structures, computerized optical polishing, mirror replication, lens molding and other advanced manufacturing technologies can all be used to minimize the cost of this type of optical equipment. This paper discusses the tradeoffs among materials and process selection for catadioptric, multi-mode systems that are under development for a variety of DoD and Homeland Security applications. Several examples are profiled to illuminate the confluence of applicable design and manufacturing technologies

关键词： replicated mirrors computer polishing molded visible and chalcogenide lenses aluminum and magnesium die castings and investment castings diamond point turning (DPT) null testing snap-together optics interferometer wavefront error (WFE) MTF SWIR MWIR LWIR UAV

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DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE COMPOSITE ARMY BRIDGE (CAB): FIELD testing 8

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE COMPOSITE ARMY BRIDGE (CAB): FIELD T...

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8th International conference on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN)

作者： Kosmatka, J. B. Univ Calif San Diego Dept Struct Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789076019314

Light-weight short-span mobile bridging is needed for both military and civil emergency applications. The U.S. Army and DARPA have developed a short-span advanced composite 14-meter bridge for crossing MLC-100 (100-ton) tracked and wheeled vehicles across 12-meter gaps. The Composite Army Bridge (CAB) is a technology demonstrator that is primarily fabricated using carbon/epoxy along with the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VaRTM) manufacturing method to produce a bridge 20-30% lighter than an equivalent metallic (aluminum) bridge. It is observed that heavy vehicles moving quickly on these lightweight bridges can lead to large dynamic responses (bouncing) and load factors, not observed on mobile metallic bridging. Potential damage to the carbon fibers, epoxy resin, bonded joints, and bolted joints are of concern. A field test was performed to assess the long term dynamic performance of the bridge subjected to three different vehicle types: (a) a tracked M1-A1 (MLC-70) tank, (b) a wheeled 100-ton Heavy Equipment Transporter (HET), and (c) a tracked M88 towing an M1-A1 tank. Over 2000 crossings were performed at different speeds and bank conditions. Dynamic load factors of 1.5 were measured for many crossing speeds. Load factors approaching 1.66 were observed during low-speed panic braking stops due to the increased loading on the forward axles and reduced loading on the rear axles. A 1.32 dynamic factor for low-speed panic braking is calculated. A maximum mid-span tension rail strain of 2017 mu in/in was observed during low speed panic braking, which is 1.9 times smaller than the mid-span tension strain (3822 mu in/in) observed during laboratory treadway failure testing. Thus the observed safety factor is greater than the 1.8 required safety factor by the TDTC. Post-test comparison to pre-test static measurements revealed no damage to the bridge structure or wear surface. Thus, advanced composites (carbon/epoxy) have been proven as a high-performance alternati

关键词： Composites Bridging Dynamic Impact

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Injury on blood systems caused by Silicon dioxide nanoparticles

Injury on blood systems caused by Silicon dioxide nanopartic...

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International conference on Materials and Products manufacturing technology (ICMPMT 2011)

作者： Huang, Zhewei Sun, Jiao Shi, Liyi Zhang, Dawei Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Biomat Res & Testing Ctr Shanghai Peoples Hosp 9 Shanghai 200023 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037852460

Nano-sized silicon dioxide (SiO2) is widely utilized in artificial bone, artificial tooth, interventional catheters and drug delivery system, so it is imperative to study SiO2 NPs on the role of the body damage. Consulted with standard reference of GB/T16886, 20 and 80 nm SiO2 NPs were selected to prepare suspension (1mg/ml) for subacute systemic toxicity;2000mg/ml suspension for MTT;and extracts (0.1g/ml) for hemolytic test. The results show that the hemolysis rate are all more than 5%, after its continuous injection of 2W nanoparticles into SD rats and New Zealand Rabbits, the alterations on the hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and other indicators have gained in blood routine test, and there was a marked inhibition on the L929 cells of SiO2 NPs. Therefore, these two kinds of particle size of SiO2 NPs have certain extent of injury effect on the blood system, and the contact time of NPs in the blood compatibility evaluation has play a more important role than the others.

关键词： silicon dioxide nanoparticles blood compatibility safety evaluation

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testing of Precast Lightweight Foamed Concrete Sandwich Panel With Single and Double Symmetrical Shear Truss Connectors Under Eccentric Loading

Testing of Precast Lightweight Foamed Concrete Sandwich Pane...

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International conference on Materials and Products manufacturing technology

作者： Mohamad, Noridah Mahdi, Muhammad Hilmi Univ Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fac Civil & Environm Engn Dept Struct & Mat Engn Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783037852460

This paper reports the structural behavior of precast lightweight foamed concrete sandwich panel, PLFP, subjected to eccentric loading. An experiment was conducted to investigate the structural performance of PLFP under this load. Two PLFP panels, PE-1 and PE-2 were cast with 2000 mm in heights, 750 mm in width and 100 mm in thickness. The thickness of the wall is actually a combination of three layers. Skin layers were cast from lightweight foamed concrete while the core layer is made of polystyrene. The skin layers were connected to each other by 9 mm steel shear truss connector which were embedded through the layers. Panel PE-1 was strengthened with single diagonal shear truss connectors made of 6 mm steel rebar while panel PE-2 was strengthened with symmetrical diagonal shear truss connectors of similar steel diameter. Both panels were tested under eccentric load till failure. The results showed that panel with symmetrical double truss connectors, PE-2, is able to sustain higher load compared to panel with single shear truss connector. The load-deflection profiles indicate that both panels achieved certain degree of composite action especially during the later stage of loading where the wythes tend to move in the same direction until they reached failure. The load-strain curves for both panels highlight the inconsistent distribution of surface strain along the height of panels. The overall trend of the strain curves show that they are under compression.

关键词： Lightweight Foamed concrete Sandwich panel Truss connectors

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Surface Cracking and Degradation of Dense Hydroxyapatite through Vickers Microindentation testing

Surface Cracking and Degradation of Dense Hydroxyapatite thr...

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International conference on Mechanical Materials and manufacturing Engineering (ICMMME 2011)

作者： Behnamghader, Aliasghar Shirazi, Reyhaneh Neghabat Iost, Alain Najjar, Denis Biomaterials Group Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Division Materials and Energy Research Centre Iran Department of Biomaterial Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Arts et Métiers ParisTech. LML CNRS 8107 59046 Lille Cedex 8 Bd. Louis XIV France

ISBN: (纸本)9783037851852

Surface degradation and cracking of dense hydroxyapatite were evaluated through Vickers micro indentation using indentation loads ranged from 25 gf to 2000 gf. Crack lengths, imprint diameters and the number of lateral cracks and chips were measured using SEM. The crack length-indentation load data were analyzed with regard to the specific relations of Palmqvist and fully developed radial cracks. Crack type transition load from Palmqvist to median crack was experimentally assessed through serial sectioning technique. The analytical estimated transition load, based on the theoretical relation of the indentation load and crack lengths showed a good agreement with one obtained from experimental itinerary. Palmqvist and median cracks were identified in low and medium indentation loads, respectively. High indentation load could also lead to the formation of lateral cracks and chips. The tendency for lateral cracking was evaluated taking into account the number of lateral cracks and chips. The chips were found to be appeared just after test in higher indentation load, whereas in medium loads they could be detectable only after several weeks.

关键词： Median and Lateral cracks Microindentation Toughness Hydroxyapatite

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