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2024 International conference on Smart systems for applications in Electrical Sciences, ICSSES 2024

作者： Goudar, Shobha S. Dhanya Shree, P.S. Geetha Priya, N. Moulya, H.R. Sneha, M.B. Siddaganga Institute of Technology Department of ECE Karnataka Tumakuru572103 India Siddaganga Institute of Technology Department of Nanotechnology Karnataka Tumakuru572103 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364040

Ethanol, a transparent and colorless liquid, finds application in the processing of food and alcoholic beverages, as well as in the production of fuel, personal care items, and household products. Monitoring ethanol levels is crucial in various industries such as Distilleries, Wineries, Breweries, Chemical Production, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, and Food Processing. Gas detection sensors play a vital role in maintaining safe ethanol levels, especially in production operations. Semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures offer promise for effective ethanol sensing. This study focuses on crafting a highly sensitive ethanol gas sensor using copper oxide with thin nano plates synthesized through a simple chemical precipitation process and hydrothermal process, it was found that the chemical precipitation method yielded better results when tested with ethanol and fabrication via compact method. Thorough examination of the prepared copper oxide using techniques like x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy reveals a resistive sensor device with superior sensing response under optimized conditions compared to traditional methods. This sensor exhibits rapid response, exceptional selectivity in contrast to alternatives. The fabricated ethanol sensor's gas response mechanism is outlined without making concluding statements. This approach helps to keep ethanol monitoring safe and makes the sensor better than traditional methods with improved response time. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Trade-off Analysis of Gateway Strategies for Embedding of CAN Frames into Ethernet Packets 15

Trade-off Analysis of Gateway Strategies for Embedding of CA...

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15th International conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence, ICTC 2024

作者： Bae, Sungwon Park, Hanyoung Ko, Kanghyun Choi, Ji-Woong Dgist Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daegu Korea Republic of Cheonan Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364637

The advancement of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) has increased the demand for more sensor data within vehicles, necessitating faster data transmission. To meet this requirement, in-vehicle networks (IVNs) with higher link speeds are essential, as the data rates of traditional IVN protocols are insufficient for future applications. To address these demands, an IVN architecture that integrates both controller area network (CAN) and automotive Ethernet is being considered. The coexistence of CAN and automotive Ethernet necessitates the use of gateways, which introduces latency when transferring data from CAN to automotive Ethernet. However, many studies have not thoroughly explored the strategies and characteristics of such gateways and their impact on performance. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the processing latency and network efficiency associated with different gateway strategies for embedding CAN frames into Ethernet packets. The findings of this study show the trade-off between latency and network efficiency and highlight the potential for optimizing CAN-Ethernet gateways. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： advanced driver assistance systems

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STFO - Power-Saving Deep-Sleep States are Overrated 12

STFO - Power-Saving Deep-Sleep States are Overrated

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12th IEEE International conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and advanced Computing systems: Technology and applications, IDAACS 2023

作者： Ziesmann, Maurice-Christian Fuhner, Claus Busching, Felix Ostfalia - University of Applied Sciences Wolfenbüttel38302 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358056

In many Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Wireless sensor Network (WSN) application areas, where the wireless nodes sleep most of the time, ultra-low power micro-controllers (μ Cs) are used, which usually feature several sleep modes. At particularly low duty cycles, the corresponding μ C are put into a very deep sleep mode, from which they wake up again - either independently by a timer or triggered from outside - to then perform their actual tasks. In the application area of addressable Wake-up Radios (WURs), mostly μ Cs are used as address decoder, which have a very low quiescent current consumption. In this paper, we show that for the purpose of address decoding in WURs it is not necessary to rely on μ Cs with particularly low sleep current consumption, because it is much more useful to simply switch off the μ Cs by an upstream circuit and thus save even more energy. Our evaluation results suggest that the lessons learned can also be applied to other application areas. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： addressing energy efficiency internet of things PIC sleep modes sleep states wake-up calls wake-up radios wireless sensor networks

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Sustainable and Tunable Synaptic Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors (EGOFETs) for Light Adaptive Visual Perceptive systems

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advanced FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2025年第11期35卷

作者： Serghiou, Theodoros Fernandes, Jose Diego Karthikeyan, Vaithinathan Assi, Dani S. Vieira, Douglas Henrique Alves, Neri Kettle, Jeff Univ Glasgow James Watt Sch Engn Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Sch Technol & Appl Sci Dept Phys BR-19060900 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil Hong Kong Metropolitan Univ Sch Sci & Technol Ho Man Tin 11-F Hong Kong Peoples R China

The recent advances in optic neuromorphic devices have led to a subsequent rise in the development of energy-efficient artificial-vision systems. While the energy consumption of such devices is known to be much lower than conventional vision systems, it is known that manufacturing accounts for the largest share of the climate impact in microelectronics, dominating over the product use phase. Thus, there is a need to develop sustainable manufacturing processes and to adopt low-impact materials for hardware solutions of the future. In this study, an Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-effect Transistor (EGOFET) is experimentally demonstrated for the implementation of a high-performing synaptic optical sensor using sustainable materials that degrade to benign products at the End of Life (EoL). The device shows remarkable light response with maximum Paired-Pulse Facilitation (PPF) Index of up to 151% at a light power density of 38 mu W cm-2, which enables artificial synaptic applications with an average power consumption as low as 2.4 pJ for each training process, representing one of the best among the reported results. To demonstrate the tunability of the vision system, an ensemble decision tree is used to enable the EGOFET to distinguish and remember different primary colors at different power densities with 95.6% accuracy.

关键词： electro-gated transistors neuromorphic imaging system optical synaptic devices organic phototransistors sustainable materials

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Radio Frequency and Wireless Optical Communication Comparison for WSN and IoT applications 7

Radio Frequency and Wireless Optical Communication Compariso...

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7th IET Smart Cities Symposium, SCS 2023

作者： Amenchar, Ouiam Chakkor, Saad Dkiouak, Aziz Baghouri, Mostafa University of Abdelmalek Esaadi Route de Ziaten Km 10 Tanger Principale B.P1818 Tangier Morocco Sciences and Advanced Technologies Team ENSA Of Tetuan Abdelmalek Essadi University Morocco Laboratory LCCPS ENSAM de Casablanca Hassan II University 150 Boulevard du Nil Casablanca20670 Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539831

With the continuous expansion of intelligent sensor systems, efficient wireless communication technologies have become increasingly important. This paper presents a concise comparative study between Radio Frequency (RF) communication and Wireless Optical Communication (WoC) using Visible Light Communication (VLC) for Wireless sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This study evaluated various performance metrics, such as effective energy utilization, throughput, energy efficiency, link distance, SNR, BER, total attenuation, and received power under varying visibility conditions. Simulation results and theoretical analysis, conducted using MATLAB, demonstrate that WOC outperforms RF communication in most of the analyzed performance metrics. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing wireless communication systems for intelligent sensor applications. © The Institution of Engineering & Technology 2023.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Performance of fiber hydrogen sensor based on π-shifted fiber Bragg grating coated with Pd/Ta composite films of different thicknesses 13

Performance of fiber hydrogen sensor based on π-shifted fib...

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advanced sensor systems and applications xIII 2023

作者： Ao, Wenxin Yang, Minghong Zhang, Fan Hu, Wenbin Dai, Jixiang National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks Wuhan University of Technology Hubei province Wuhan430070 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510667914

Rapid and accurate detection of hydrogen in anaerobic condition is more and more important for the safe production and operation of hydrogen energy. A novel fiber hydrogen sensor based on Pd/Ta composite film coating on π-shifted fiber Bragg grating is proposed and its sensing performance is evaluated experimentally. Due to the narrow reflective peak of π-shifted fiber Bragg grating, the proposed sensor has, shown higher accuracy on wavelength shift tracing. A Pd/Ta composite film was deposited on the side of π-shifted fiber Bragg grating by magnetron sputtering process. Compared with the grating hydrogen sensors of other Pd-based composite films, the hydrogen sensitivity and response time of the Pd/Ta composite film coated sensors with different thickness of sensing layer have been improved greatly. When the hydrogen concentration is 1%, The wavelength shift of π-shifted fiber Bragg grating of Pd/Ta membrane with thicknesses of 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm and 800 nm are 16, 31, 50 and 115 pm, respectively, and the response time are 63, 71, 109 and 150 s, respectively. A longtime testing of the sensor proves that the sensor has good long-term stability and repeatability. The proposed hydrogen sensor with Pd/Ta composite film has great potential in the quasi-distributed monitoring of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen generation, refueling stations, and so on. 127710K.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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A STUDY ON CHIP DELAY MEASUREMENT sensor BASED ON SCAN CHAIN 10

A STUDY ON CHIP DELAY MEASUREMENT SENSOR BASED ON SCAN CHAIN

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10th International Symposium on Test Automation and Instrumentation, ISTAI 2024

作者： Liu, Peixin Hu, xiao Yi, xinjie National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

The reliability and performance of integrated circuits degrade over time, with one critical factor being the aging of numerous internal combinational logic circuits. Delay variations in these circuits not only reflect the chip's external environmental conditions but also indicate the degree of aging during its operational life. Traditional aging delay measurement sensors typically employ dedicated sampling circuits, which pose challenges for comprehensive detection of delays across all combinational logic paths within the chip. This study introduces a novel chip aging sensor, termed the FATE-sensor, which leverages the internal scan chains of the chip. By performing a full-chip frequency scan of the combinational logic circuits, the FATE-sensor can detect delay variations at various combinational logic locations using the extensive coverage provided by the scan chains. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the FATE-sensor's characteristics, including its consistency, repeatability, temperature and voltage dependencies, and resolution enhancement. Experimental calibration of the FATE-sensor demonstrates its effectiveness in monitoring and reflecting delay variations within the chip's internal circuits. This capability allows for accurate assessment of the chip path delay status, thus enhancing the reliability of chips used in high-precision and advanced applications. This technology not only aids in identifying potential faulty chips and supports chip timing verification testing but also provides new insights for understanding and extending chip lifespan. © The Institution of Engineering & Technology 2024.

关键词： Delay circuits

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Advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the measurement of high heat flux for concentrated solar thermal systems

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SOLAR ENERGY 2025年 287卷

作者： Abdullah, Muhammad Corona, Brenda Hernandez Martins, Matthieu Ferber, Nicolas Lopez Armstrong, Peter Chiesa, Matteo Calvet, Nicolas Khalifa Univ Masdar Inst Solar Platform Mech & Nucl Engn Dept POB 127788 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Khalifa Univ Ind & Syst Engn Dept POB 127788 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Khalifa Univ Res Labs POB 127788 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates ENOWA NEOM Energy Div Flexibil Team NEOM Gayal Saudi Arabia

Concentrated solar thermal (CST) systems, capable of driving high-temperature processes up to 2000 K, hold significant potential for chemical and industrial applications. This paper reviews methods for measuring concentrated solar flux, focusing on their role in calculating key optical performance metrics such as concentration ratio and optical efficiency. It also explores the challenges associated with these measurements. Flux measurement methods are categorized into direct and indirect approaches. Direct methods use heat flux gauges positioned on a stationary or moving target to measure solar flux, while indirect methods rely on a CCD or CMOS camera, a Lambertian target, and a heat flux gauge. The camera captures images of solar radiation, which are calibrated to heat flux values using readings from the heat flux gauge. Heat flux gauges are a critical component of both direct and indirect measurement methods. This study also reviews and compares various types of heat flux gauges, including Gardon radiometers, Schmidt-Boelter gauges, Kendall radiometers, heat flux microsensors, and calorimeters. The comparison considers factors such as maximum flux rating, response time, durability, water-cooling requirements, cost, and measurement uncertainty. Calibration techniques for these gauges are also discussed. It is observed that indirect methods are commonly used for measuring concentrated solar flux due to their higher resolution, which enables them to identify hot spots and measure concentrated solar flux more accurately than direct methods. The key challenges in measuring concentrated solar flux include calibrating sensors under solar conditions, ensuring sensor durability, accounting for environmental factors, and managing cost considerations.

关键词： Concentrated solar thermal systems Heat flux measurement Indirect method Calorimeter Heat flux gauge

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Mathematical Model for Determining the Geometric Location of the Environmental Pollutant Based on sensor Data 12

Mathematical Model for Determining the Geometric Location of...

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12th IEEE International conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and advanced Computing systems: Technology and applications, IDAACS 2023

作者： Khaidurov, Vladyslav Yailymov, Bohdan Shelestov, Andrii National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute' Kyiv03056 Ukraine Space Research Institute NASU-SSAU Kyiv03187 Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358056

The practical result of this work is the development of a generalized mathematical model for determining the position of an environmental pollutant. Computer simulation was carried out in order to verify the developed mathematical model. A number of computational experiments were conducted to verify the mathematical model. In the future, the developed algorithm is proposed to be used for real ground air quality measurement stations with additional use of air quality information from satellite data and specify the location of the pollution source using the Urban Atlas. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： environmental pollutant genetic algorithm inverse problem mathematical modeling PM2.5 smart city Urban Atlas

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Signal and performance model for imaging systems with SPAD detectors 34

Signal and performance model for imaging systems with SPAD d...

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conference on Infrared Imaging systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing xxxIV

作者： Furxhi, Orges Follansbee, Joshua Burrell, Derek J. True Colors Infrared Imaging Ft Collins CO 80526 USA Univ Arizona Wyant Coll Opt Sci 1630 E Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510661806;9781510661813

Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) have shown great promise for use in Lidar and low light applications. Although staring arrays were initially developed for medical applications, recent Lidar sensor solution demands have fueled the development of large count staring sensors with quantum efficiencies extending in the NIR/SWIR and with exotic readout circuits. The same technology also enables low light systems with sensitivity below conventional CMOS. As the name implies, SPAD detectors are sensitive to single photons, behave as stochastic devices, and require special treatment for signal interpretation. In this paper, we describe a signal and noise model for both active and passive SPAD based imaging systems that includes the generation of readout events based on the SPAD detector stochastic model. The model presented here allows the evaluation of SPAD based systems under specific illumination conditions and enables the evaluation of SPAD and sensor parameter system sensitivity.

关键词： Single Photon Avalanche Diodes SPAD Lidar Low light imaging Active Imaging

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