Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) applications require the combination of synthetic images with the real world. In some cases the real world images are acquired by an image sensor that is then combined wit...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781510615786
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510615786
Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) applications require the combination of synthetic images with the real world. In some cases the real world images are acquired by an image sensor that is then combined with synthetic images and presented to the user to enhance the immersive experience. In the current state of the art, the displays are often mobile phone screens or some smart glasses. As an alternative, we propose to augment the world by projecting synthetic images on real surfaces. To do so effectively, virtual scenes must be properly rendered to match the tilt and position information of the projector which can be acquired from a multitude of sensors. One benefit of this type of AR it that the experience is not only lived by the person holding the projector, but for the people at the surroundings as well. So, a group of people can be aware of the augmentation, leading to a full range of new applications.
An advanced polarized infra-red imaging sensor (APIRIS) has been designed and prototyped to acquire the polarization signature of targets in the far IR (8 - 12 microns) region with a field of view 4° × 3...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0819418269
An advanced polarized infra-red imaging sensor (APIRIS) has been designed and prototyped to acquire the polarization signature of targets in the far IR (8 - 12 microns) region with a field of view 4° × 3°. The design (optical and optomechanical), fabrication and assembly issues of the scanning telescope for the APIRIS are discussed in this paper. The telescope is designed for diffraction limited performance using germanium lenses and Zerodur fold mirrors to minimize overall size of the telescope. The tolerance budgeting and thermal sensitivity analysis are also presented.
This paper is aimed at resolving the reconfiguration problem of software distributed shared memory (DSM) systems in non-dedicated clusters. Different to the past studies focused on dedicated clusters, the goal of this...
详细信息
Cornerstone Research Group Inc. (CRG) has developed environmental exposure tracking (EET) sensors using shape memory polymer (SMP) to monitor the degradation of perishable items, such as munitions, medicines or foods,...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9780819475503
Cornerstone Research Group Inc. (CRG) has developed environmental exposure tracking (EET) sensors using shape memory polymer (SMP) to monitor the degradation of perishable items, such as munitions, medicines or foods, by measuring the cumulative exposure to temperature and moisture. SMPs are polymers whose qualities have been altered to give them dynamic shape "memory" properties. Under thermal or moisture stimuli, SMP exhibits a radical change from a rigid thermoset to a highly flexible, elastic state. The dynamic response of the SMP can be tailored to match the degradation profile of the perishable item. SMP-based EET sensors require no digital memory or internal power supply and provide the capability of inexpensive, long-term life cycle monitoring thermal and moisture exposure over time. In a Phase I and II SBIR effort with the Navy, CRG demonstrated the feasibility of SMP-based EET sensor with two material systems. These material systems required different activation stimuli, heat or water vapor pressure. CRG developed the ability to tailor these materials to customize the dynamic response to match various degradation profiles of munitions. CRG optimized and characterized the SMP formulations and sensor design configuration to develop a suite of data from which any degradation profile can be met. CRG's EET sensors are capable of monitoring temperatures from -30 degrees C to 260 degrees C. The prototypes monitor cumulative thermal exposure and provide real-time information in a visually readable or a remotely interrogated version. CRG is currently scaling up the manufacture of the sensors for munitions reliability applications with the Navy.
Adaptive optics (AO) systems on airborne platforms must be able to sense fields degraded by strong turbulence often over long horizontal propagation paths. This paper presents results of simulated hybrid-wavefront-sen...
详细信息
Image sensors are continuously subject to the development of in-field permanent defects in the form of hot pixels. Based on measurements of defect rates in 23 DSLRs, 4 point and shoot cameras, and 11 cell phone camera...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9780819484123
Image sensors are continuously subject to the development of in-field permanent defects in the form of hot pixels. Based on measurements of defect rates in 23 DSLRs, 4 point and shoot cameras, and 11 cell phone cameras, we show in this paper that the rate of these defects depends on the technology (APS or CCD) and on design parameters the like of imager area, pixel size, and gain (ISO). Increasing the image sensitivity (ISO) (from 400 up to 25,600 ISO range) causes the defects to be more noticeable, with some going into saturation, and at the same time increases the defect rate. Partially stuck hot pixels, which have an offset independent of exposure time, make up more than 40% of the defects and are particularly affected by ISO changes. Comparing different sensor sizes has shown that if the pixel size is nearly constant, the defect rate scales with sensor area. Plotting imager defect/year/sq mm with different pixel sizes (from 7.5 to 1.5 microns) and fitting the result shows that defect rates grow rapidly as pixel size shrinks, with an empirical power law of the pixel size to the -2.5. These defect rate trends result in interesting tradeoffs in imager design.
An ongoing challenge for many military imaging systems is the detection and classification of weak target signatures in a cluttered environment. In such cases, the use of image contrast and relative target motion alon...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781510613317
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510613317;9781510613300
An ongoing challenge for many military imaging systems is the detection and classification of weak target signatures in a cluttered environment. In such cases, the use of image contrast and relative target motion alone does not always provide a sufficient level of target discrimination to give operational confidence and it is therefore necessary to consider the use of other discriminatory scene information. Polarisation is one such source of information and this paper reports on an extensive series of polarimetric trials undertaken across the visible, NIR, SWIR, MWIR and LWIR spectral bands. Using this data, the benefits and limitations of polarisation discrimination are reviewed in the context of practical military scenarios. It is shown that polarisation signatures vary with viewing geometry and atmospheric conditions. This would lead to an unpredictable performance level if the sensor discrimination was based solely on polarisation. However, by carefully combining polarisation with other scene information, useful operational benefits can be obtained and this is illustrated through a consideration of different data fusion approaches.
The freeform optical surfaces are the advanced optical elements being used in the optical systems ranging from the illumination system, head up display and ophthalmic systems. So far the metrology is not well establis...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781510627925
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510627925
The freeform optical surfaces are the advanced optical elements being used in the optical systems ranging from the illumination system, head up display and ophthalmic systems. So far the metrology is not well established for freeform *** are interferometric, profilometry, deflectometry and slope measurement techniques used to measure the freeform surfaces. Due to non-rotationally symmetric nature of freeform surfaces, slope measurement systems like Shack Hartman sensors (SHS) are being explored for the measurement of freeform wavefronts. The spatial resolution of Shack Hartmann sensor is limited by the size of the lens lets used in the sensor which is typically 100 mu m to 200 mu m. The self-imaging based sensing uses a periodic structure which can be replicated under collimated illumination at certain distance known as Talbot distance. If there is a wavefront other than collimated light, the deviation in self-imaging pattern is observed, and this deviation can be utilised for wavefront measurements. Being a smaller pitch of the periodic structure, a high resolution data is obtained. In the present study, we have proposed a high resolution system for measurement of freeform surface using self-imaging based technique, which is having advantage of higher spatial data as compared to Shack Hartman sensor. A simulation study is carried out and demonstrated the improved performance of the proposed sensor as compared to SHS.
The Phillips Laboratory advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) comprises an observatory facility, a united computer network, a 3.63 meter telescope, and an associated sensor suite that will become operational beginnin...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)081942207X
The Phillips Laboratory advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) comprises an observatory facility, a united computer network, a 3.63 meter telescope, and an associated sensor suite that will become operational beginning in 1997. Space Object Identification (SOI) is the primary mission for AEOS;however, astronomical applications and other visiting experiments are readily supported by the system design. The AEOS sensor suite functions derive from Air Force Space Command requirements, and incorporate high resolution imagery and multi-band radiometry performed over a broad range of wavelengths. Data collection capabilities are optimized for the rapid temporal variations in observed target brightness that arise from both intrinsic target variability and changing atmospheric characteristics during the course of an observation. Multi-spectral photometry/radiometry over the 0.4-23 mu m spectral region constitutes the principal observational technique for spatially unresolved targets. Thermal infrared wavelengths, i.e., 4-23 mu m, permit observation of targets that are in the shadow of the earth, and provide temperature measurements on all targets. High resolution visible to near-infrared imagery (0.7-1.0 mu m), approaching the diffraction limit, is collected on sunlit targets via an adaptive optics (A/O) system. Simultaneous LWIR(8-13 mu m) imagery is obtained with an infrared sensor that shares the high-resolution NIR imager's field of view through a dichroic beamsplitter. In order to minimize the thermal background, the LWIR imager is located close to the telescope, upstream of the A/O system. The LWIR resolution approaches the diffraction limit, due to the decreased impact of atmospheric turbulence at those wavelengths.
Terbium-doped optical fiber has a high Verdet constant and is called a magnet-sensitive fiber. It is of importance for a variety of applications, including magnetic field sensors, current sensors, and fiber-type isola...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)081940702X
Terbium-doped optical fiber has a high Verdet constant and is called a magnet-sensitive fiber. It is of importance for a variety of applications, including magnetic field sensors, current sensors, and fiber-type isolators. In this paper, the authors describe magnet-sensitive optical fiber fabrication, magneto-optic coefficient measurement, and its application in current sensorsystems. Experimental results show that the Verdet constant of magnet-sensitive fiber containing high rare-earth content (approximately 4000 parts in 106) is 2.7 times as high as that of ordinary silica-based fiber. When tested in current sensorsystems, it gives similar performance observed in ultralow birefringent fiber.
暂无评论