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conference on Infrared Technology and applications xxxI

作者： Kostrzewa, J Terre, W Meyer, W FLIR Syst Inc Indigo Syst Goleta CA 93117 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945768X

Three years ago, Indigo systems launched its Omega camera line, which to this day remains one of the world's smallest, lightest, lowest powered infrared cameras. The concept of a miniature thermal imager has proven very successful, and thousands of cores have been employed in a number of portable applications, including firefighting, unmanned vehicles, and handheld imagers. A common thread to these high-volume markets is their elasticity - lowering cost substantially enhances demand. Hence the motivation behind Indigo's newest miniature camera, Photon. Photon is a product family of small and mid-format sensor engines (160x128, 320x128, 320x256) specifically optimized for low cost and high volume. While it shares many of Omega's positive benefits, including remarkably small size, weight, and power, several aspects of the design contribute to it being more affordable than its fore-runner even with four times as many pixels. This paper compares the Photon design to the Omega with particular focus on those aspects affecting manufacturability and cost.

关键词： miniature uncooled microbolometer infrared sensor engine camera core low cost

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Life Habits Modeling with Stochastic Timed Automata in Ambient Assisted Living

Life Habits Modeling with Stochastic Timed Automata in Ambie...

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IEEE International conference on systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

作者： Fouquet, Kevin Faraut, Gregory Lesage, Jean-Jacques Univ Paris Saclay ENS Paris Saclay LURPA F-94235 Cachan France

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185262

Recent improvements in connected tools and learning algorithms allow new opportunities in the field of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). However, smart home inhabitant's life habits are often required to obtain adequate results for energy management, security, Health at Home (HaH), and numerous other applications. In this paper, a model for life routines representation and algorithms for its generation is introduced. Study on the state of the art exposes that activity ordering and duration are key features of human behavior. Consequently, the presented approach focuses on a higher level of semantic by observing activities performed by the inhabitant rather than the sensor logs, which allow for better understanding of his comportment and universality of the model for multiple aims. Stochastic Time Automata (STA) is proposed as it adequately models activity ordering with probability associated to edges and activity duration through probability distribution associated to location delay. Presented approach does not require specific equipment besides sensors required for activity recognition and is versatile enough to be used in various applications. A case study highlights the relevancy of the chosen features and demonstrates that the proposed model is efficient to depict and understand inhabitants' life habits.

关键词： Ambient Assisted Living Machine Learning Pattern Recognition Discrete Event systems

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Polymer-based cantilevers with integrated electrodes

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JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems 2006年第4期15卷 890-895页

作者： Mouaziz, Schahrazede Boero, Giovanni Popovic, Radivoje S. Brugger, Juergen Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Microsyst Lab CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

An innovative release method of polymer cantilevers with embedded integrated metal electrodes is presented. The fabrication is based on the lithographic patterning of the electrode layout on a wafer surface, covered by two layers of SU-8 polymer: a 10-mu m-thick photo-structured layer for the cantilever, and a 200-mu m-thick layer for the chip body. The releasing method is based on dry etching of a 2-mu m-thick sacrificial polysilicon layer. Devices with complex electrode layout embedded in free-standing 500-mu m-long and 100-mu m-wide SU-8 cantilever were fabricated and tested. We have optimized major fabrication steps such as the optimization of the SU-8 chip geometry for reduced residual stress and for enhanced underetching, and by defining multiple metal layers [titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi)] for improved adhesion between metallic electrodes and polymer. The process was validated for a miniature 2 x 2 mu m(2) Hall-sensor integrated at the apex of a polymer microcantilever for scanning magnetic field sensing. The cantilever has a spring constant of congruent to 1 N/m and a resonance frequency of congruent to 17 kHz. Galvanometric characterization of the Hall sensor showed an input/output resistance of 200 Omega, a device sensitivity of 0.05 V/AT and a minimum detectable magnetic flux density of 9 mu T/Hz(1/2) at frequencies above I kHz at room temperature. Quantitative magnetic field measurements of a microcoil were performed. The generic method allows for a stable integration of electrodes into polymers MEMS and it can readily be used for other types of microsensors where conducting metal electrodes are integrated in cantilevers for advanced scanning probe sensing applications.

关键词： dry etch Hall sensor integrated electrodes polysilicon sacrificial layer stress-reducing geometries SU-8 cantilever thin film metal deposition and lift off

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Mm-wave wireless sensor networks with zero energy consumption thUough backscattering metasurfaces 25

Mm-wave wireless sensor networks with zero energy consumptio...

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25th International conference on Electromagnetics in advanced applications, ICEAA 2024

作者： Costa, F. Genovesi, S. Rodini, S. Manara, G. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione Università di Pisa Pisa56122 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360974

The future of 6G communications emphasizes a deep understanding of human environments for improved quality of life and work efficiency. IoT sensors will play a crucial role, gathering extensive data about living environments for tasks like environmental monitoring and structural oversight [1]. The success of these systems hinges on cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and minimal maintenance requirements. Traditional IoT sensors, despite advancements, still face challenges such as power consumption and limited lifespans, particularly in indoor settings where energy harvesting is difficult. RFID sensors offer potential with their ability to transmit data without additional power, but their cost and reliability in harsh environments pose barriers to widespread adoption [2]. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Environmental monitoring

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Optimization of the extraordinary magnetoresistance in semiconductor-metal hybrid structures for magnetic-field sensor applications

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PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL systems & NANOSTRUCTURES 2004年第2-4期21卷 897-900页

作者： Holz, A Kronenwerth, O Grundler, D Univ Bundeswehr Hamburg Fachbereich Eletrotech D-22043 Hamburg Germany Univ Hamburg Inst Angew Phys D-20355 Hamburg Germany Univ Hamburg Zentrum Mikrostrukturfosch D-20355 Hamburg Germany

Semiconductor-metal hybrid structures can exhibit a very large geometrical magnetoresistance effect, the so-called extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) effect. In this paper, we analyze this effect by means of a model based on the finite element method and compare our results with the experimental data. In particular, we investigate the important effect of the contact resistance rho(c) between the semiconductor and the metal on the EMR effect. Introducing a realistic rho(c) = 3.5 x 10(-7) Omega cm(2) in our model we find that at room temperature this reduces the EMR by 30% if compared to an analysis where PC is not considered. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： EMR magnetoresistance contact resistance magnetic sensors

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Rear-view Scene Analysis using Monocular Camera for ADAS applications 3

Rear-view Scene Analysis using Monocular Camera for ADAS App...

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3rd International conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)

作者： Chakraborty, Bodhisattwa Mukherjee, Somnath Kritikal Solut Pvt Ltd Noida Utter Pradesh India Continental Automot TCI Bangalore Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538642733

Navigation and mapping along with visual scene observation in any unknown environments is a fundamental building block for increased autonomy of driving functionality or unmanned vehicles since external positioning systems can be susceptible to interference or simply being inaccessible. These advanced systems require signal processing of vehicle sensor data to estimate motion relative to the surrounding environment and to simultaneously estimate various kind of activity of the surrounding environment. Rear-view scene visualization and analysis using monocular camera is an essential task for surrounding environment modelling of any vehicle moving to forward or backward in Autonomous Driving and Driver Assistance System as well. These paper represent primarily for positional awareness, prediction of any critical situation for safety and manoeuvre in rear side environment.

关键词： vehicle detection-and-tracking lane detection lane change assist ADAS application

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SoftFusion: A Low-Cost Approach to Enhance Reliability of Object Detection applications 40

SoftFusion: A Low-Cost Approach to Enhance Reliability of Ob...

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IEEE 40th International conference on Computer Design (ICCD)

作者： Latifi, Salar Zamirai, Babak Mahlke, Scott Univ Michigan Comp Sci & Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665461863

ISBN: (纸本)9781665461863

DNNs are deployed in mission critical applications such as object detection in autonomous vehicles (AVs). Ensuring the reliability of detections made by these models plays an essential role in robustness and practicality of these systems. By analyzing traditional object detectors, we observe a significant number of objects being missed by the detector, which is a problem for safe deployment of AVs. Traditionally, sensor fusion wherein detections from multiple sensors (camera, LiDAR, etc.) are combined to create a robust detection system is utilized, but suffers from high cost and computing overheads. To attack this seemingly necessary tradeoff, we propose SoftFusion in this paper. SoftFusion introduces the concept of intra-sensor fusion wherein a diversity of inputs is synthesized during runtime and can be efficiently evaluated by the original object detector. The predictions are then intelligently combined to realize robust detections over the baseline detector but at a fraction of the cost of traditional fusion. SoftFusion is evaluated across 7 different benchmarks over 2 different datasets, and is shown to achieve 3.45% gain in average precision with less than 23% latency overhead. As context for these results, prior research demonstrates that hard fusion of camera and LiDAR provides on average 4.02% gain in average precision in similar tasks with an overhead of approximately up to 2x computation.

关键词： Real-time systems Compute Efficiency Reliability Machine Learning Object Detection sensor Fusion

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10th International conference on advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, ICACCT 2016

10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Comm...

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10th International conference on advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, ICACCT 2016

ISBN: (纸本)9789811046025

The proceedings contain 31 papers. The special focus in this conference is on advanced Computing and Communication Technologies. The topics include: Discovering optimal patterns for forensic pattern warehouse;comparative study of scheduling algorithms in heterogeneous distributed computing systems;Knowledge reasoning for decision support (KRDS) in healthcare environment;object detection from video sequences using deep learning: An overview;A framework for improved cooperative learning algorithms with expertness (ICLAE);Bicubic interpolation based audio authentication (BIAA);hierarchical metadata-based secure data retrieval technique for healthcare application;intelligent multiple watermarking schemes for the authentication and tamper recovery of information in document image;research of access optimization of small files on basis of B + tree on hadoop;a hybrid of fireworks and harmony search algorithm for multilevel image thresholding;english to Bodo phrase-based statistical machine translation;modelling sustainable procurement: A case of Indian manufacturing firm;key author analysis in research professionals’ collaboration network based on collaborative index;localization in wireless sensor networks using invasive weed optimization based on fuzzy logic system;genetic algorithm-based heuristic for solving target coverage problem in wireless sensor networks;target coverage heuristics in wireless sensor networks;Effect of black hole attack on MANET reliability in DSR routing protocol;Noise performance and design optimization of a piezoresistive MEMS accelerometer used in a strapdown medical diagnostic system;Current mode universal filter realization employing CCIII and OTA-A minimal realization;on the design of hexagon-slotted circular fractal antenna for C band applications;An efficient single-layer crossing based 4-bit shift register using QCA.

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An FPGA Compatible Asynchronous Wake-Up Receiver for Wireless sensor Networks

An FPGA Compatible Asynchronous Wake-Up Receiver for Wireles...

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10th IEEE International New Circuits and systems conference (NEWCAS)

作者： Pons, Jean-Francois Brault, Jean-Jules Savaria, Yvon Ecole Polytech Dept Elect Engn Montreal PQ H3C 3A7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467308595

This paper explores design methods applicable to Wireless sensors Networks, where low power consumption and energy efficiency are a must. A key component that modulates the power consumption is the main radio. Controlling its use through suitable sleep modes and wake up mechanisms is a significant issue and can be done with a wake-up receiver. But many applications are associated with low fabrication volume where custom integrated circuits are not economical and where FPGAs are the best available solution. In this paper, we explore an asynchronous solution, which permits to decrease the internal activity, thus reducing the power consumption, including that required for clock distribution. We also propose an FPGA implementation of such a wake-up receiver using the NULL Convention Logic T. The overall power consumption of the reported implementation is as low as 5 mu W at 250 kbps.

关键词： Power consumption Wireless sensor networks Receivers Field programmable gate arrays Asynchronous low power consumption Crucial components Energy efficiency sleeping mode

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Bi-Modal Hemispherical sensor: A Unifying Solution for Three Axis Force and Contact Angle Measurement

Bi-Modal Hemispherical Sensor: A Unifying Solution for Three...

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IEEE/RSJ International conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Chuah, Meng Yee (Michael) Epstein, Lindsay Kim, Donghyun Romero, Juan Kim, Sangbae Inst Infocomm Res I2R Robot & Autonomous Syst RAS Dept Singapore Singapore MIT Dept Mech Engn Biomimet Robot Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728140049

In robotic tasks that require physical interactions such as manipulation and legged locomotion, it is important to simultaneously measure contact forces and contact angles. This paper presents a unified solution for simultaneously measuring three axis contact forces and contact angles for legged locomotion or manipulation. Unlike most tactile sensors, the presented design utilizes the stress field method by sampling pressures over multiple locations within an elastomer, enabling inherently robust operation against impact and abrasive interactions. The presented sensor is designed for point-feet quadrupedal robots and can be easily scaled down for other applications such as grasping. The sampled stress distribution is mapped to output forces f(x), f(y), and f(z) and two contact angles, theta and phi on the hemispherical sensor surface via Gaussian process regression. The prototype sensor is able track normal and shear forces accurately, achieving a normalized root mean (RMS) squared error of only 1.00% - 1.36% for f(z) across multiple tests with up to 180N normal force, and a normalized RMS error of 1.71% - 4.67% and 1.82% - 6.68% for f(x) and f(y), respectively, with up to 80N shear force. Additionally, the footpad is able to estimate the contact location coordinates theta and phi with a normalized RMS error of 2.69% 7.51% over a range of 0 40ffi and 2.79% - 9.62% over a range of 0 - 30 degrees, respectively. The footpad can estimate contact location over a maximum range of theta = +/- 45 degrees and phi = +/- 45 degrees, and can withstand over 450N of normal force at location theta = phi = 0 degrees without reaching saturation. This prototype demonstrates the ability to simultaneously measure force in three axes and contact angles using Gaussian process regression, with the potential to explore other regression methods for embedded computing and miniaturization of the design for finger tip scale sensors.

关键词： Contact angle

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