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Design of a color image processing algorithm using on-line arithmetic modules

Design of a color image processing algorithm using on-line a...

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conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations xIV

作者： Sinky, MH Tenca, AF Shantilal, AC Lucchese, L Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454974

A new class of nonlinear filters for color image processing was proposed by Lucchese and Mitra. This type of color filter processes the chromatic component of images encoded in the International Commission. on Illumination (CIE) u'v' color space. Images processed by this filter do not show color shifts near edges between regions with different intensities. The filter uses linear convolution operations internally and is effective and efficient for denoising and regularizing color images. Image processing systems are computationally intensive and usually require a large amount of area in order to reach desirable levels of performance. The use off on-line arithmetic can decrease the area of the hardware implementation and still maintain a reasonable throughput. This work presents the design of the color filter as a network of on-line arithmetic modules. The network topology and some detail of each arithmetic module are provided. The final implementation targets FPGAs and it is compared in terms of area against an estimate of a conventional design. The throughput of this solution is capable of supporting real-time processing of common image formats.

关键词： achromatic chromatic convolution DSP DIP FPGA on-line arithmetic RGB SRT division

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Proceedings of SPIE: advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations xIV

Proceedings of SPIE: Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, ...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations xIV

The proceedings contain 44 papers from the Proceedings of SPIE: advanced signal processing algorithms, Architecture, and implementations xIV. The topics discussed include: the seven wonders of computer arithmetic;a comparative study of modular adders;self-timed adder performance and area modeling;automated synthesis of Dadda multipliers;truncated squarers with constant and variable correction;design of complex divider;on converting numbers to the double-base number system;design of a color image processing algorithm using online arithmetic modules;a majority reduction technique adder structures in quantum-dot cellular;and phased array beamforming using nonlinear oscillators.

关键词： Digital signal processing

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New signal adaptive approach for the reduction of interference terms in quadratic time-frequency distributions

New signal adaptive approach for the reduction of interferen...

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SPIE conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VIII

作者： Nickel, RM Williams, WJ Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

One of the key problems in high resolution (quadratic), time-varying spectral analysis is the suppression of interference terms which can obscure the true location of auto components in the resulting time-frequency distribution (TFD). Commonly used reduced interference distributions (RIDs) tackle the problem with a properly chosen two-dimensional low pass filter (kernel). A recently published(8) novel approach uses alternative means to achieve the desired goal. The idea of the new method is to obtain an estimate of the cross terms from a given prior distribution based on the magnitude and location of its negative components. The estimate is constructed via an iterative projection method that guarantees that the resulting distribution is positive and satisfies the marginals. Even though the marginals are usually a desirable property of TFDs in general, they can impose an undesirably strong constraint on positive TFDs in particular (Examples are given in this paper). For these cases it is thus beneficial to relax the marginals-constraint. In this paper we present a new method that does not require the incorporation of this constraint and thus leads to positive TFDs with reduced interference terms but without the restrictions due to the marginals.

关键词： positive time-frequency distributions cross-terms successive projections penalty functions

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Element accessed array radar processing

Element accessed array radar processing

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SPIE conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VIII

作者： Wills, GD Rees, HD Skidmore, ID Def Evaluat & Res Agcy Malvern WR14 3PS Worcs England

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

Digitising the signals from a phased array at the element level is becoming more practicable through advances in technology. Adaptive beamforming schemes such as a sample matrix inversion involve inverting a covariance matrix of dimension equal to the number of spatial channels. Since with an element digitised system there can be several thousand elements it becomes impractical to invert such large matrices. This paper presents a weight computation scheme for a fully digitised system. The clutter returns are firstly range gated and then the adaptive process is broken down into a smaller cascade of stages, or domains. Attenuation of the clutter is then achieved using a spatial Wiener filter in each domain. From a simulation of an airborne radar at a high pulse repetition frequency, examples are given of adapted beampatterns and clutter output doppler spectra within each domain. By choosing alias free domains, a clutter-free output is obtained for the sidelobe clutter scenario investigated. A comparison is then given with the performance of a 32 sub-array system. The sub-array system does not have the necessary control of the small scale order of the array weights to spatially null the clutter.

关键词： element level digitisation radar clutter subarrays

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Regularization of ill-posed problems using (symmetric) Cauchy-like preconditioners

Regularization of ill-posed problems using (symmetric) Cauch...

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SPIE conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VIII

作者： Kilmer, ME Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

In certain applications, the discretization of two-dimensional integral equations can lead to systems involving matrices with block Toeplitz-Toeplitz block structure. Iterative Krylov subspace methods are sometimes employed to find regularized solutions to the related 2D discrete ill-posed problems;however, preconditioners which filter noise are needed to speed convergence to regularized solutions. We describe a preconditioning technique based on the Toeplitz-type structure of the matrix which generalizes the approaches in [1] and [2] to take advantage of symmetry and real arithmetic operations. We use fast sine transforms to transform the original system to a system whose matrix has partially reconstructible Cauchy-like blocks. The preconditioner is a block diagonal, rank m approximation to this matrix, with Cauchy-like blocks each augmented by an identity of appropriate dimension. We note that the initialization cost is in general less than that for the similar 2D preconditioner in [2] which does not take advantage of symmetry. Several examples are given which illustrate the success of our preconditioned methods.

关键词： regularization Toeplitz Cauchy-like minimal residual image processing deblurring

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IMPLEMENTING THE VITERBI ALGORITHM ON GENERAL-PURPOSE PARALLEL COMPUTERS

IMPLEMENTING THE VITERBI ALGORITHM ON GENERAL-PURPOSE PARALL...

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CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations 3

作者： ALSTON, MD CHAU, PM CHEUNG, KM Univ. of California/San Diego (United States) Jet Propulsion Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940943X

The Viterbi algorithm (VA) for decoding convolutionally encoded data has historically been implemented on special-purpose digital electronic hardware. For short/moderate (K equals 3 to 9) constraint length codes, a primary design goal is to maximize the decoded bit rate while minimizing circuit area. In recent years, a number of special-purpose architectures based upon shuffle-exchange networks, cube-connected cycles, ring-based networks, systolic arrays, or programmable processors have been designed for efficient implementation of the VA at these and longer constraint lengths. However, at the same time, the performance:cost ratio of high- end general-purpose computing machines has been improving dramatically. Recognizing the substantial investment in time and resources required to design and build an ASIC-based decoder for long (K equals 10 to 15) constraint length codes, the feasibility of implementation of the VA as a background process on a readily available general-purpose parallel processing machine deserves exploration. We consider the limitations and benefits of a Viterbi decoder for long constraint length codes implemented in software on a general-purpose parallel processing machine.

关键词： Computing systems Parallel processing Binary data Telecommunications Computer programming Forward error correction Network architectures Parallel computing signal processing Very large scale integration

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Application of symmetric redundant residues for fast and reliable arithmetic

Application of symmetric redundant residues for fast and rel...

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conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures and implementations xII

作者： Parhami, B Univ Calif Santa Barbara Dept Elect & Comp Engn Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819445584

Despite difficulties in general division, magnitude comparison, and sign detection, residue number system arithmetic has been used for many special-purpose systems in light of its parallelism and modularity for the most common arithmetic operations of addition/subtraction and multiplication. Computation in RNS requires modular reduction, both for the initial conversion from binary to RNS and after each operation to bring the result back to within a valid residue range. Use of redundant residues simplifies this critical operation, leading to even faster arithmetic. One type of redundant mod-m residue, that keeps the representational redundancy to the minimum of 1 bit per residue, has the nearly symmetric range [-m, m) and allows two values for each pseudoresidue: <x>(m) or <x>(m) - m. We study the extent of simplification and speed-up in the modular reduction process afforded by such redundant residues and discuss its potential implications to the design of RNS arithmetic circuits. In particular, we show that besides cost and performance benefits, introduction of error checking and fault tolerance in arithmetic computations is facilitated when such redundant residues are used.

关键词： computer arithmetic error code modular reduction parallel processing redundant representation RNS

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A DSP implementation of source location using microphone arrays 6

A DSP implementation of source location using microphone arr...

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conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VI

作者： Rabinkin, DV Renomeron, RJ Dahl, A French, JC Flanagan, JL Bianchi, MH RUTGERS STATE UNIV CTR COMP AIDS IND PRODPISCATAWAYNJ 08855

ISBN: (纸本)0819422347

The design, implementation, and performance of a low-cost, real-time DSP system for source location is discussed. The system consists of an 8-element electret microphone array connected to a signalogic DSP daughterboard hosted by a PC. The system determines the location of a speaker in the audience in an irregularly shaped auditorium. The auditorium presents a non-ideal acoustical environment;some of the walls are acoustically treated, but there still exists significant reverberation and a large amount of low frequency noise from fans in the ceiling. The source location algorithm is implemented in a two step process: The first step determines time delay of arrival (TDOA) for select microphone pairs. A modified version of the Cross-Power Spectrum Phase Method is used to compute TDOAs and is implemented on the DSP daughterboard. The second step uses the computed TDOAs in a least mean squares gradient descent search algorithm implemented on the PC to compute a location estimate. © 1996 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： microphone arrays speech source location real-time processing

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RECENT ADVANCES IN NONSTATIONARY signal ANALYSIS - TIME-VARYING HIGHER-ORDER SPECTRA AND MULTILINEAR TIME-FREQUENCY signal ANALYSIS 4

RECENT ADVANCES IN NONSTATIONARY SIGNAL ANALYSIS - TIME-VARY...

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4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： BOASHASH, B Queensland Univ. of Technology (Australia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

This paper is written to provide both a historical review of past work and an overview of recent advances in time-frequency signal analysis and time-varying higher-order spectra. The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 discusses the need for time-frequency signal analysis (TFSA), as opposed to either time or frequency analysis. Section 2 covers the many faceted developments which occurred in TFSA in the 1980s and early 1990s. It covers bilinear or energetic time-frequency distributions (TFDs). Section 3 deals with a generalization of bilinear TFDs to multilinear Polynomial TFDs and their relationship to time-varying higher order spectra (TVHOS). Section 4 provides a coverage of the Wigner-Ville trispectrum, which is a particular TVHOS, used for analyzing signals affected by Gaussian multiplicative noise. Section 5 is devoted to conclusions.

关键词： Frequency modulation Fermium Interference (communication) Fourier transforms signal to noise ratio Time-frequency analysis signal analysis signal processing signal analyzers Nonlinear optics

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Two digital video encoder circuits

Two digital video encoder circuits

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations III

作者： Eldon, John A. TRW LSI Products Inc. La Jolla CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)081940943X

Central to `multimedia' image processing is the desire to encode computer graphics data into a standard television signal, complete with line, field, and color subcarrier synchronizing information. The numerous incompatibilities between television and computer display standards render this operation far less trivial than it sounds to anyone who hasn't worked with both types of signals. To simplify the task of encoding computer graphics signals into standard NTSC (North America and Japan) or PAL (most of Europe) television format for display, broadcast, or recording, TRW LSI Products Inc. has introduced the two newest members of it multimedia integrated circuit family, the TMC22090 and TMC22190 digital video encoders.

关键词： Video signal processing

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