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FPGA-based high-performance arithmetic pipeline synthesis for DSP applications

FPGA-based high-performance arithmetic pipeline synthesis fo...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations xV

作者： Liddicoat, Albert A. Cary, Shawn Pang, Jackson Department of Electrical Engineering California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo

Today FPGAs are used in many digital signal processing applications. In order to design high-performance area efficient DSP pipelines various arithmetic functions and algorithms must be used. In this work, FPGA-based functional units for Cosine, Arctangent, and the Square Root functions are designed using bipartite tables and iterative algorithms. The bipartite tabular approach was four to 12 times faster than the iterative approach but requires 8-40 times more FPGA hardware resources to implement these functions. Next, these functions along with the FPGA hardware multipliers and a reciprocal bipartite table unit are used for hardware rectangular-to-polar and polar-to-rectangular conversion macro-functions. These macro-functions allow for a 7-10 times performance improvement for the high-performance pipelines or an area reduction of 9-17 times for the low cost implementations. In addition, software tool to design FPGA based DSP pipelines using the Cosine, Sine, Arctangent, Square Root, and Reciprocal units with the hardware multipliers is presented.

关键词： Digital signal processing

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ENHANCED INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL TMS320C40 DIGITAL signal PROCESSOR SYSTEMS 4

ENHANCED INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR PARALLE...

引用

4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： HARTLEY, DA HARVEY, DM Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

The Texas Instruments' TMS320C40 digital signal processor contains communication hardware which enables processors to be connected together to form multiprocessing systems. Analysis of the devices communication channels suggests that it would be beneficial to use additional communication hardware to maximize system performance. The use of mesh routing chips in conjunction with the processors has been investigated. The two devices are interfaced using two TMS320C40 communication channels. Lower message latencies can be achieved by using TMS320C40 communication channels to perform nearest neighbor communications while using the routing chips to perform all other message routing. However, the use of additional TMS320C40 channels can degrade the rate at which packets are injected and consumed from the network, resulting in under utilization of the network bandwidth.

关键词： Telecommunications signal processing Data communications Digital signal processing Systems modeling Computer simulations Data processing Switches Computing systems Data modeling

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ITERATIVE LEAST-SQUARES RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FOURIER PHASE OF AN IMAGE FROM THE MODULO-2-PI PHASE OF ITS BISPECTRUM

ITERATIVE LEAST-SQUARES RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FOURIER PHASE ...

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CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations 3

作者： ERDEM, AT SEZAN, MI Eastman Kodak Co. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940943X

We propose a novel technique for the least-squares reconstruction of the Fourier phase of an image from the modulo-2(pi) phase of its bispectrum. The proposed technique unwraps the given bispectral phase and reconstructs the Fourier phase of the image iteratively through alternating projections onto two particular constraint sets: (1) the set of bispectral phase functions that differ from the given modulo-2(pi) bispectral phase by only integral multiples of 2(pi) at every sample point, and (2) the set of bispectral phase functions that correspond to deterministic signals. We formally define the above sets and their corresponding projection operators. We describe the iterative algorithm in detail, and provide experimental results to demonstrate its performance.

关键词： Tantalum Reconstruction algorithms Stereolithography Image restoration Aluminum Image quality Phase measurement Plutonium Astronomy Image processing

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INSTANTANEOUS QUANTITIES AND UNCERTAINTY CONCEPTS FOR signal DEPENDENT TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

INSTANTANEOUS QUANTITIES AND UNCERTAINTY CONCEPTS FOR SIGNAL...

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CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations 2

作者： JONES, G BOASHASH, B Queensland Univ. of Technology (Australia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819406945

This paper presents a review of some concepts associated with time-frequency distributions-- the instantaneous frequency, group delay, instantaneous bandwidth, and marginal properties-- and generalizes them in time-frequency via rotation of coordinates. This work emphasizes the need to examine time-frequency distributions in the general time-frequency plane, rather than restricting oneself to a time and/or frequency framework. This analysis leads to a generalized uncertainty principle, which has previously been introduced in radar theory. This uncertainty principle is invariant under rotation in the time-frequency plane, and should be used instead of the traditional definition of Gabor. It is desired to smooth a time-frequency distribution that is an energy density function into one that is an energy function. Most distributions are combinations of density and energy functions but the Wigner-Ville distribution is purely a density function. By using a local version of the generalized uncertainty principle, the Wigner- Ville distribution is smoothed into a signal dependent spectrogram using an iterative algorithm. It is believed that this procedure may represent, in some way an optimum removal of signal uncertainty in the time-frequency plane.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Smoothing signal processing Radar signal processing signal analyzers Fermium Frequency modulation Algorithm development Radar Detection theory

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations

Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Im...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations 1990

The proceedings contain 49 papers. The topic discussed include: wavelets and related time-scale transforms;tomographic techniques in image and signal processing;higher-order statistics (spectra) and their application in signal processing;real-time SAR change-detection using neural networks;nonlinear signal processing using radial basis functions;nonlinear classification and adaptive structures;global search of adaptive IIR filter error surfaces using stochastic learning automata;direction finding using a modified minimum-eigenvector technique;and translation, rotation, and scaling invariant object and texture classification using polyspectra.

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RECURSIVE LEAST-SQUARES LEARNING algorithms FOR NEURAL NETWORKS

RECURSIVE LEAST-SQUARES LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR NEURAL NETWO...

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CONF ON advanced signal-processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： LEWIS, PS HWANG, JN Los Alamos National Lab. (United States) Univ. of Washington (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819404098

This paper presents the development of a pair of recursive least squares (ItLS) algorithms for online training of multilayer perceptrons which are a class of feedforward artificial neural networks. These algorithms incorporate second order information about the training error surface in order to achieve faster learning rates than are possible using first order gradient descent algorithms such as the generalized delta rule. A least squares formulation is derived from a linearization of the training error function. Individual training pattern errors are linearized about the network parameters that were in effect when the pattern was presented. This permits the recursive solution of the least squares approximation either via conventional RLS recursions or by recursive QR decomposition-based techniques. The computational complexity of the update is 0(N2) where N is the number of network parameters. This is due to the estimation of the N x N inverse Hessian matrix. Less computationally intensive approximations of the ilLS algorithms can be easily derived by using only block diagonal elements of this matrix thereby partitioning the learning into independent sets. A simulation example is presented in which a neural network is trained to approximate a two dimensional Gaussian bump. In this example RLS training required an order of magnitude fewer iterations on average (527) than did training with the generalized delta rule (6 1 BACKGROUND Artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer an interesting and potentially useful paradigm for signal processing and pattern recognition. The majority of ANN applications employ the feed-forward multilayer perceptron (MLP) network architecture in which network parameters are " trained" by a supervised learning algorithm employing the generalized delta rule (GDIt) [1 2]. The GDR algorithm approximates a fixed step steepest descent algorithm using derivatives computed by error backpropagatiori. The GDII algorithm is sometimes referred to as the

关键词： Algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Evolutionary algorithms Neural networks Network architectures Artificial neural networks Pattern recognition Chemical elements Machine learning signal processing

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REAL-TIME RADAR signal-processing FOR AUTONOMOUS AIRCRAFT LANDING 4

REAL-TIME RADAR SIGNAL-PROCESSING FOR AUTONOMOUS AIRCRAFT LA...

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4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： SADJADI, F HELGESON, M RADKE, J STEIN, G Machine Intelligence Corp. (United States) Honeywell Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

Landing in poor weather is a crucial problem for the air transportation system. To aid the pilots for these conditions several solutions have been suggested and/or implemented including instrument landing systems (ILS) and microwave landing systems (MLS) that put the responsibility of the landing to a large extent in the hands of the airport facilities. These systems even though useful are not available due to their high costs even in a few major metropolitan airports. This shortcoming has generated interest in providing all weather capabilities not on the landing facility but on the vehicle itself. The Synthetic Vision System Technology Demonstration sponsored by the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Air Force represents an effort to respond to the above needs. In this paper we present a summary of a typical synthetic vision system. This system consists of a scanning 35 GHz radar, a scanning antenna, a signal/image processor and a head up display (HUD). The pilot is presented a final perspective image of the scene sensed by the radar with associated flight guidance symbology. This system is implemented in real time hardware and has been undergoing tower and flight testing under a variety of weather conditions since early 1992.

关键词： Radar signal processing Antennas Heads up displays Video Digital signal processing Process control Radar signal processing Image enhancement Imaging systems

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New one-hot RNS structures for high-speed signal processing

New one-hot RNS structures for high-speed signal processing

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conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures and implementations xII

作者： Conway, R Conway, T Nelson, J Univ Limerick ECE Dept Limerick Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)0819445584

New efficient structures using the one-hot residue number system (OHRNS) are presented. Normally the RNS uses a binary representation for the residues, though recently there has been renewed interest in the OHRNS, which uses a simple, but novel representation for the residues. The basic component of the OHRNS is the barrel shifter, making the OHRNS suitable for very high speed applications. The first of the new structures presented reduces the power dissipation in OHRNS adder trees. A modification to the normal barrel shifter is proposed, which reduces the power dissipated by as much as 30%. This improvement is obtained through the use of the modified barrel shifter and the appropriate connection of active-low and active-high stages. This overall power reduction offers the possibility of using the OHRNS in place of a typical full adder based tree in high speed DSP applications. A new storage register for one-hot representations is detailed, which overcomes the problem of having to use a large number of registers. A new architecture is presented for fast OHRNS sign detection. Sign detection is complex and slow to perform in the RNS. A mixed radix conversion (MRC) is typically used for sign detection in the OHRNS. The new sign detection architecture is based on a new property of the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) and is significantly faster than the MRC approach for large moduli sets. Simulation results using SPICE are detailed for the new structures.

关键词： RNS one-hot sign detection

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A higher order method for concentrating the STFT

A higher order method for concentrating the STFT

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations xV

作者： Nelson, D.J. Smith, D.C. R61 U.S. Dept. of Defense Ft. Meade MD 20755 United States

We present a method for computing the theoretically exact estimate of the instantaneous frequency of a signal from local values of its short time Fourier transform under the assumption that the complex logarithm of the signal is a polynomial in time. We apply the method to the problem of estimating and separating non-stationary components of a multi-component signal. signal estimation and separation is based on a linear TF model in which the value of the signal at each time is distributed in frequency. This is a significant departure from the conventional nonlinear model in which signal energy is distributed in time and frequency. We further demonstrate by a simple example that IF estimated by the higher order method is significantly better than previously used first order methods.

关键词： signal processing

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Some significant communications processing realized with adaptive Bragg gratings

Some significant communications processing realized with ada...

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SPIE conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations VIII

作者： Upton, E Wickham, M Smith, M Hart, J Flynn, R Havstad, S Nachman, P TRW Co Inc Redondo Beach CA 90278 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

Higher data capacity demands and lower interference requirements in the wireless communications arena are exploiting higher carrier frequencies and wider modulation bandwidths. Circuitry which can perform intermediate frequency processing over these more demanding ranges is needed to provide complex signal processing without commercial penalties. Photonics technologies utilizing Bragg Grating signal processing (BGSP) can bridge the gap between the very high frequency RF millimeter wave integrated circuit (MIMIC) domains at the antenna interface and the CMOS digital signal processors at the base band frequency interface. The desirable benefits of multiple tap adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters and equalizers are well known;however, they are usually the province of digital signal processing and force the sample rates prior to these processors to a higher overall system power consumption level. BGSP provides these functions with discrete taps and digital controls but at the bandwidths usually reserved for RF circuitry because the actual processing occurs at optical frequencies and at wave lengths which are compatible with integrated circuit technologies. The high performance benefits of photonic processing can be realized if the stability control of the Bragg grating is derived from the same metric which induces in photonics its sensitivity to drift. We will present a orthogonally coded tap modulation technique which stabilizes the transfer function of the signal processor and enables significant adaptive IF signal processing to be obtained with very low size, weight, and power. Our demonstration of a photonic proof-of-concept architecture is a reconfigurable multiple tap FIR filter that is dynamically controlled to perform low pass, high pass, band pass, and band stop filters operating over bandwidths of 3 GHz.

关键词： signal processing Fiber Bragg gratings Filtering (signal processing) Control systems Linear filtering Digital signal processing Optical filters Servomechanisms Modulators Electronic filtering

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