Speech is metered if the stresses occur at a nearly regular rate. Metered speech is common in poetry, and it can occur naturally in speech, if the speaker is spelling a word or reciting words or numbers from a list. I...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819445584
Speech is metered if the stresses occur at a nearly regular rate. Metered speech is common in poetry, and it can occur naturally in speech, if the speaker is spelling a word or reciting words or numbers from a list. In radio communications, the CQ request, call sign and other codes are frequently metered. In tactical communications and air traffic control, location, heading and identification codes may be metered. Moreover metering may be expected to survive even in HF communications, which are corrupted by noise, interference and mistuning. For this environment, speech recognition and conventional machine-based methods are not effective. We describe Time-Frequency methods which have been adapted successfully to the problem of mitigation of HF signal conditions and detection of metered speech. These methods are based on modeled time and frequency correlation properties of nearly harmonic functions. We derive these properties and demonstrate a performance gain over conventional correlation and spectral methods. Finally, in addressing the problem of HF single sideband (SSB) communications, the problems of carrier mistuning, interfering signals, such as manual Morse, and fast automatic gain control (AGC) must be addressed. We demonstrate simple methods which may be used to blindly mitigate mistuning and narrowband interference, and effectively invert the fast automatic gain function.
Despite the enhanced time-frequency analysis (TFA) detailing capability of quadratic TFAs like the Wigner and Cohen representations, their performance with signals of large dynamic range (DNR in excess of 40 dB) is no...
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Despite the enhanced time-frequency analysis (TFA) detailing capability of quadratic TFAs like the Wigner and Cohen representations, their performance with signals of large dynamic range (DNR in excess of 40 dB) is not acceptable due to the inability to totally suppress the cross-term artifacts which typically are much stronger than the weakest signal components that they obscure. AMTI and GMTI radar targets exhibit such high dynamic range when microDoppler is present, with the aspects of interest being the weakest components. This paper presents one of two modifications of linear TFA to provide the enhanced detailing behavior of quadratic TFAs without introducing cross terms, making it possible to see the time-frequency detail of extremely weak signal components. The technique described here is based on subspace-enhanced linear predictive extrapolation of the data within each analysis window to create a longer data sequence for conventional STFT TFA. The other technique, based on formation of a special two-dimensional transformed data matrix analyzed by high-definition two-dimensional spectral analysis methods such as 2-D AR or 2-D minimum variance, is compared to the new technique using actual AMTI and GMTI radar data.
An arithmetic-level approach to increasing computation rate in solving recurrence problems is discussed. The approach, based on on-line arithmetic principles, is discussed in problems such as root finding and recursiv...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406945
An arithmetic-level approach to increasing computation rate in solving recurrence problems is discussed. The approach, based on on-line arithmetic principles, is discussed in problems such as root finding and recursive filters. The main objective is to highlight the potential benefits and problems of the approach.
This Volume 2 of 2 of the conference proceedings contains 160 papers. Topics discussed include wireless communication and signalprocessing, algorithms for MIMO links, modulation and detection techniques, signal detec...
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This Volume 2 of 2 of the conference proceedings contains 160 papers. Topics discussed include wireless communication and signalprocessing, algorithms for MIMO links, modulation and detection techniques, signal detection and classification, adaptive communications and arrays, image segmentation and frequency domain processing, multiple user/multiple access techniques, digital signalprocessing architectures, hyperspectral processing and multisignals or data fusion, computer arithmetic implementations and FPGA designs, radar and sonar processing, equalization and synchronization techniques, higher order statistical signalprocessing for communications, adaptive signalprocessing in communication, speech coding and processing, wireless systems, special arithmetic techniques, biomedical imaging and advanced modulation and channel estimation.
A wide assortment of implementation solutions exists for accelerating mobile multimedia and signalprocessing applications today. Options range from custom dedicated hardware such as ASICs to a class of programmable h...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1601320647
A wide assortment of implementation solutions exists for accelerating mobile multimedia and signalprocessing applications today. Options range from custom dedicated hardware such as ASICs to a class of programmable hardware such as commercially available FPGAs. In this paper, we present the performance measurement methodology for multi-criteria optimization of synthesizable domain-specific reconfigurable architectures (DSRA) targeting specific image and video processing applications as a case study. Multi-criterion optimization of the proposed programmable DSRA on benchmark circuits exhibits on average, 7x reductions in area, 1.56x increases in clock speed and over 23x reduction in power consumption, over SRAM-programmable FPGA implementations.
We present here some algorithms for on-line computation of elementary functions. These algorithms use shift-and-add as elementary step and need signed digit representations of numbers. Then, we give some theoretical r...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406945
We present here some algorithms for on-line computation of elementary functions. These algorithms use shift-and-add as elementary step and need signed digit representations of numbers. Then, we give some theoretical results about on-line computation of functions. For instance, we show that a finite automaton (in practice a bounded size and memory operator) can compute in on-line only piecewise affine functions.
We consider the relationship between modelling dynamics with a nonlinear function approximation and the application of a noise reduction algorithm. Filtering the data with such an algorithm is then shown to provide a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416207
We consider the relationship between modelling dynamics with a nonlinear function approximation and the application of a noise reduction algorithm. Filtering the data with such an algorithm is then shown to provide a better deterministic model for the data than an ordinary least squares estimate.
In this paper, we show how quadratic time-frequency representations are a generalization of the spectrogram and we review our results for time-frequency analysis and display of chirps and speech. We then show comparat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406945
In this paper, we show how quadratic time-frequency representations are a generalization of the spectrogram and we review our results for time-frequency analysis and display of chirps and speech. We then show comparative performance on phase-shifted keyed communication signals. The concept of quadratic filtering is then introduced and linked to Teager's energy detector and the resolution advantages over linear filtering are demonstrated.
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a radar imaging method by which the rotation of a target is utilized to produce a two dimensional image. To achieve high resolution in both range and cross range, a series of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406945
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a radar imaging method by which the rotation of a target is utilized to produce a two dimensional image. To achieve high resolution in both range and cross range, a series of stepped frequency waveforms are transmitted. These sample the target's radar response in frequency and time. Frequency transforms to time, which is proportional to range, and time transforms to doppler frequency, which is proportional to cross range. Therefore a two dimensional Fourier transform can be applied to the two dimensional data set to produce a radar image. However this is an approximation as the data is in a polar format, which only approximates a rectangular grid. Therefore resampling (interpolation) is required to change the grid from a polar to a rectangular format. The resampling in this case is straightforward. In an attempt to obtain higher resolution images, the Fourier transform has been replaced by the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The justification for this is that the targets of interest are manmade and so have sharp edges and corners. Therefore they consist of a number of corner reflectors with a background of continuous reflectors. The corner reflectors by their nature will generally give much stronger reflections, so one can with a certain degree of accuracy, approximate the ship as a collection of corner reflectors. Over the small change in aspect angle for which ISAR imaging is performed, corner reflectors can be approximated as point scatterers. This leads to the data being modeled as a collection of complex exponentials with added white Gaussian noise. The noise being due to thermal noise in the radar system. This type of data set is ideal for the two dimensional MUSIC algorithm. There are two major difficulties in applying the MUSIC algorithm to ISAR imaging. First, the MUSIC estimator is more sensitive to the sampling grid being polar than the Fourier transform is. Second, the resampling is less effect
The Complex Arithmetic Processor (CAP) is a high performance, single chip Digital signal Processor optimized for communication signalprocessing operations. The CAP VLSI provides the communication system building bloc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416207
The Complex Arithmetic Processor (CAP) is a high performance, single chip Digital signal Processor optimized for communication signalprocessing operations. The CAP VLSI provides the communication system building block necessary to meet the increased signalprocessing requirements of complex modulation types, voice and image compression while maintaining the requirement for small, low power implementations. The chip is intended for high speed, low power digital communication system applications such as hand held spread spectrum communications systems. The CAP architecture has been developed specifically for the complex arithmetic functions required in communication signalprocessing. The CAP is a software programmable, highly integrated parallel array of processors containing the arithmetic resources, memories, address generation, bit manipulation and logic functions necessary to support the sophisticated processing required in advanced communication equipment. The CAP executes a 1024 point complex Fast Fourier Transform in 131 microseconds.
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