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Collection and processing of acoustic and seismic array data for source localizaton

Collection and processing of acoustic and seismic array data...

引用

advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations xV

作者： Asgari, S. Stafsudd, J.Z. Chen, C.E. Ali, A. Hudson, R.E. Whang, D. Lorenzelli, F. Yao, K. Taciroglu, E. Electrical Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles CA United States Civil and Env. Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles CA United States

Distributed sensor networks have been proposed for a wide range of applications. In this paper, our goal is to locate a wideband source, generating both acoustic and seismic signals, using both seismic and acoustic sensors. For a far-field acoustic source, only the direction-of-arrival (DOA) in the coordinate system of the sensors is observable. We use the approximate Maximum-Likelihood (AML) method for DOA estimations from several acoustic arrays. For a seismic source, we use data collected at a single tri-axial accelerometer to perform DOA estimation. Two seismic DOA estimation methods, the eigen-decomposition of the sample covariance matrix method and the surface wave method are used. Field measurements of acoustic and seismic signals generated by vertically striking a heavy metal plate placed on the ground in an open field are collected. Each acoustic array uses four low-cost microphones placed in a square configuration and separated by one meter. The microphone outputs of each array are collected by a synchronized A/D recording system and processed locally based on the AML algorithm for DOA estimation. An array of six tri-axial accelerometers arranged in two rows whose outputs are fed into an ultra low power and high resolution network-aware seismic recording system. Field measured data from the acoustic and seismic arrays show the estimated DOAs and consequent localizations of the source are quite accurate and useful. Beamforming, Source localization,.

关键词： Acoustic arrays

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A Common Backend for Hardware Acceleration on FPGA 35

A Common Backend for Hardware Acceleration on FPGA

引用

35th IEEE International conference on Computer Design (ICCD)

作者： Del Sozzo, Emanuele Baghdadi, Riyadh Amarasinghe, Saman Santambrogio, Marco D. Politecn Milan DEIB Milan Italy MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622544

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are configurable integrated circuits able to provide a good trade-off in terms of performance, power consumption, and flexibility with respect to other architectures, like CPUs, GPUs and ASICs. The main drawback in using FPGAs, however, is their steep learning curve. An emerging solution to this problem is to write algorithms in a Domain Specific Language (DSL) and to let the DSL compiler generate efficient code targeting FPGAs. This work proposes FROST, a unified backend that enables different DSL compilers to target FPGA architectures. Differently from other code generation frameworks targeting FPGA, FROST exploits a scheduling co-language that enables users to have full control over which optimizations to apply in order to generate efficient code (e.g. loop pipelining, array partitioning, vectorization). At first, FROST analyzes and manipulates the input Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) in order to apply FPGA-oriented transformations and optimizations, then generates a C/C++ implementation suitable for High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools. Finally, the output of HLS phase is synthesized and implemented on the target FPGA using xilinx SDAccel toolchain. The experimental results show a speedup up of 15x with respect to O3-optimized implementations of the same algorithms on CPU.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Optimization DSL Tools Computer architecture Pipeline processing signal processing algorithms

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A comparison of the gabor and short-time fourier transforms for signal detection and feature extraction in noisy environments

A comparison of the gabor and short-time fourier transforms ...

引用

advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations 1990

作者： Auslander, L. Buffalano, C. Orr, R. Tolimieri, R.

Effective signal detection and feature extraction in noisy environments generally depend on exploiting some knowledge of the signal. When the signal is exactly known, the matched filter is the optimum signal processing strategy. Other signal processing strategies succeed when the signal detail is but partially known. The short-time Fourier transform and the Gabor transform are two methods that exploit signal envelope information. The former is a well known and widely used representation which is important in many fields. The related but distinct Gabor transform has been less frequently used, but has features absent in Fourier analysis. This paper compares the two transforms and makes the case that the Gabor representation can often be the more compact, and may require substantially less computation and storage in some applications. There is a sense in which the Gabor achieves a preferential trade of signal-to-noise ratio for resolution, and because of this, one can also expect better signal recognition and feature reconstructions from the Gabor transform in the presence of noise. © 1990 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Uncertainty, information, and time-frequency distributions

Uncertainty, information, and time-frequency distributions

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations II

作者： Williams, William J. Brown, Mark L. Hero III, Alfred O. Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819406945

The well-known uncertainty principle is often invoked in signal processing. It is also often considered to have the same implications in signal analysis as does the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. The uncertainty principle is often incorrectly interpreted to mean that one cannot locate the time-frequency coordinates of a signal with arbitrarily good precision, since, in quantum mechanics, one cannot determine the position and momentum of a particle with arbitrarily good precision. Renyi information of the third order is used to provide an information measure on time-frequency distributions. The results suggest that even though this new measure tracks time-bandwidth results for two Gabor log-ons separated in time and/or frequency, the information measure is more general and provides a quantitative assessment of the number of resolvable components in a time frequency representation. As such, the information measure may be useful as a tool in the design and evaluation of time-frequency distributions.

关键词： signal Theory

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Higher-order statistics (spectra) and their application in signal processing

Higher-order statistics (spectra) and their application in s...

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advanced signal-processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations

作者： Mendel, Jerry M. Univ of Southern California Los Angeles United States

Cumulants, and their associated Fourier transforms, known as polyspectra, are very useful in situations where one or more of the preceding phenomena - non-Gaussianity, nonminimum phase, colored Gaussian noise, and nonlinearities - are present. Because second-order-based techniques have not led to very useful results in the face of these phenomena, it is no exaggeration to believe that it should be possible to reexamine every application and/or method that has ever made use of second-order statistics, using higher-order statistics, to see if better results can be obtained. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief introduction to cumulants and polyspectra and to give a brief overview of some of their applications.

关键词： signal processing

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On updating signal subspaces

On updating signal subspaces

引用

advanced signal-processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations

作者： Bischof, Christian H. Shroff, Gautam M. Argonne Natl Lab Argonne United States

We develop an algorithm for adaptively estimating the noise subspace of a data matrix, as is required in signal processing applications employing the 'signal subspace' approach. The noise subspace is estimated using a rank-revealing QR factorization instead of the more expensive singular value or eigenvalue decompositions. Using incremental condition estimation to monitor the smallest singular values of triangular matrices, we can update the rank-revealing triangular factorization inexpensively when new rows are added and old rows are deleted. Experiments demonstrate that the new approach usually requires O(n2) work to update an n × n matrix, and accurately tracks the noise subspace.

关键词： signal processing

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A Reconfigurable Architecture for Posit Arithmetic 22

A Reconfigurable Architecture for Posit Arithmetic

引用

45th Euromicro conference on Software Engineering and advanced Applications (SEAA) / 22nd Euromicro conference on Digital System Design (DSD)

作者： Sarkar, Souradip Velayuthan, Purushotham Murugappa Gomony, Manil Dev Nokia Bell Labs Hardware Platforms Res Holmdel NJ 07733 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728128610

Physical layer of modern communication systems involves several floating point computations that require higher numerical fidelity and dynamic range for achieving the maximum data rate. Posit number format is a promising alternative for floating point computation as it provides a better dynamic range and numerical fidelity for the same number of bits used for representation. However, the Posit number format has not yet been thoroughly studied in the context of signal processing algorithms in the physical layer. In addition, a configurable Posit arithmetic hardware is essential for adapting to the ever changing communication standards and to configure the dynamic range according to algorithmic demands. The main contributions in this paper are: 1) Performance analysis of common signal processing algorithms using the Posit number format in comparison with the IEEE Standard for Single Precision Floating Point arithmetic (IEEE 754). 2) A novel reconfigurable hardware accelerator for Posit arithmetic operations and comparison with the state-ofthe-art Posit and IEEE Floating Point arithmetic architectures. Although our proposed architecture consumes over 3x energy and area compared to IEEE Single Precision arithmetic, our results show that using the Posit number format for physical layer algorithms results in significant performance gain. We achieved over 15 dB and 25 dB gain for FFT and matrix multiplication algorithms. In addition, compared to state-of-the-art Posit arithmetic architecture, our proposed architecture resulted in over 2x speedup in operating frequency and 35% savings in energy consumption.

关键词： Hardware Computer architecture signal processing algorithms Dynamic range Physical layer Decoding IEEE Standards

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Generalized scale transforms

Generalized scale transforms

引用

Proceedings of the 1999 advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations Ix

作者： Nickel, Robert M. Williams, William J. Univ of Michigan Ann Arbor United States

We are presenting a new class of transforms which facilitates the processing of signals that are nonlinearly stretched or compressed in time. We refer to nonlinear stretching and compression as warping. While the magnitude of the Fourier transform is invariant under time shift operations, and the magnitude of the scale transform is invariant under (linear) scaling operations, the new class of transforms is magnitude invariant under warping operations. The new class contains the Fourier transform and the scale transform as special cases. Important theorems, like the convolution theorem for Fourier transforms, are generalized into theorems that apply to arbitrary members of the transform class. Cohen's class of time-frequency distributions is generalized to joint representations in time and arbitrary warping variables. Special attention is payed to a modification of the new class of transforms that maps an arbitrary time-frequency contour into an impulse in the transform domain. A chirp transform is derived as an example.

关键词： signal processing

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Fast algorithm and architecture for constrained adaptive sidelobe cancellation

Fast algorithm and architecture for constrained adaptive sid...

引用

advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations II

作者： Games, Richard A. Eastman, Willard L. Sousa, Michael J. MITRE Corp. Bedford MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819406945

This paper describes an efficient implementation of auxiliary constraints for a concurrent block least squares adaptive sidelobe canceller when a single array of sensors is used to form one or more main beams. The approach is to compute QR decomposition of the auxiliary data matrix and then send this information to main beam processors, where the constraints are applied using a blocking matrix and the individual residuals are computed. The blocking matrix can be chosen with special structure which is used to derive a new fast algorithm and architecture for constrained main beam processing that reduces the operation count from order n3 to order n2, where n is the number of auxiliary sensors.

关键词： signal Interference

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Second- and higher-order cyclostationary processing using acousto-optics

Second- and higher-order cyclostationary processing using ac...

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advanced signal processing: algorithms, architectures, and implementations V

作者： Sadler, Brian M. Army Research Lab. Adelphi MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819416207

In this paper we consider cyclostationary signal processing techniques implemented via acousto-optics (AO). Cyclic processing methods are reviewed and motivated, including the cyclic correlation and the cyclic spectrum. We show how a 1D AO spectrum analyzer can be used to detect the presence, and estimate the value, of cycle frequencies. The cyclic correlation can then be computed at cycle frequencies of interest using a 1D time-integrating correlator. Next we consider the problem of computing the (2D) cyclic correlation for all cycle frequencies and lags simultaneously. This is accomplished via an AO triple-product processor, configured in a manner similar to that used for ambiguity function generation. The cyclic spectrum can be obtained in a post-processing step by Fourier transforming the cyclic correlation in one dimension. We then consider higher order extensions of the cyclic correlation and show how a 2D slice of the 3D cyclic triple-correlation can be computed using an AO four-product processor.

关键词： signal processing

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