Digital holographic memory using photorefractive material is one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation of datastorage, which simultaneously provides high capacity, fast transfer rate and short acce...
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The measurement of bump heights and pit depth on compact discs (CD) with atomic force microscopes (AFMs) is quite different from the measurement of step heights on step height calibration standards. Both the bumps and...
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The measurement of bump heights and pit depth on compact discs (CD) with atomic force microscopes (AFMs) is quite different from the measurement of step heights on step height calibration standards. Both the bumps and the pits show much larger transition regimes and more structural irregularities. The irregularities disqualify the effective use of profile based algorithms, which minimize the influence of any remaining motion deviations of the scan apparatus, to determine the height. Therefore a histogram height algorithm has to be used. The results of the bump height and pit depth measurements varied about 20 nm over the different sample regions. The remaining approximately 30 nm difference between the average of the bump height and pit depth is believed to result from the sample preparation procedure. By itself, the large sample variation observed will result in rather large measurement uncertainties for the measurement of the average height and depth of these features, if the averaging does not include a large amount of data taken at many different sample positions.
Holographic datastorage has the advantages of high parallelism, fast access, and large capacity. The storage capacity is represented by the stored pages and pixels in each page. Due to the 3-D nature of the holograph...
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作者:
McCarley, PUSAF
Res Lab Munit Directorate Eglin AFB FL 32542 USA
As electro-optic sensors increase in size and frame rate, the data transfer and digital processing resource requirements also increase. In many missions, the spatial area of interest is but a small fraction of the ava...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431729
As electro-optic sensors increase in size and frame rate, the data transfer and digital processing resource requirements also increase. In many missions, the spatial area of interest is but a small fraction of the available field of view. Choosing the right region of interest, however, is a challenge and still requires an enormous amount of downstream digital processing resources. In order to filter this ever-increasing amount of data, we look at how nature solves the problem. The Advanced Guidance Division of the Munitions Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MNG) at Eglin AFB, Florida, has been pursuing research in the area of advanced sensor and image processing concepts based on biologically inspired sensory information processing. A summary of two "neuromorphic" processing efforts will be presented along with a seeker system concept utilizing this innovative technology. The Neuroseek program is developing a 256 x 256 2-color dual band IRFPA coupled to an optimized silicon CMOS read-out and processing integrated circuit that provides simultaneous full-frame imaging in MWIR/LWIR wavebands along with built-in biologically inspired sensor image processing functions. Concepts and requirements for future such efforts will also be discussed.
A 3D imaging laser sensor is presented providing rapid acquisition of 3D data of naturally reflecting objects. The sensor is of a rugged and compact design, is eye-safe, and can be used even in adverse environmental c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431818
A 3D imaging laser sensor is presented providing rapid acquisition of 3D data of naturally reflecting objects. The sensor is of a rugged and compact design, is eye-safe, and can be used even in adverse environmental conditions for a wide range of applications. The sensor makes use of high-speed laser ranging based on the time-of-flight method with pulsed laser diodes and of mechanically scanning the laser beam and the optical axis of the rangefinder's receiver. The maximum achievable range to non-co-operative targets is up to 350 m. The field-of-view of the sensor is settable by software commands and can be up to 80 degrees x 340 degrees with an angular resolution of the scanning mechanism of up to 0.018 degrees. data are provided at a standard parallel interface allowing easy integration with any standard PC based system for data visualization and data processing. The primary data include for each independent range measurement the co-ordinates in the sensor's local polar co-ordinate system, and the intensity of the received laser pulse to provide information on target's reflectivity. These data are provided with an average data rate up to 8000 measurements per second. A PC based acquisition program allows on-line color-encoded visualization, datastorage, and data export as ASCII data, VRML data, and other widely used formats. data acquired with the sensor are presented and accuracy and ranging capability are discussed.
作者:
Robertson, CTubridy, LUSN
Soastal Syst Stn Ctr Surface Warfare Dahlgren Div Panama City FL 32407 USA
The Naval Sensor datadatabase (NSDD) is a multi-year effort to archive, catalogue, and disseminate data from all types of sensors to the mine warfare, signal and image processing, and sensor development communities. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431842
The Naval Sensor datadatabase (NSDD) is a multi-year effort to archive, catalogue, and disseminate data from all types of sensors to the mine warfare, signal and image processing, and sensor development communities. The purpose is to improve and accelerate research and technology. Providing performers with the data required to develop and validate improvements in hardware, simulation, and processing will foster advances in sensor and system performance. The NSDD will provide a centralized source of sensor data and its associated ground truth, which will support an improved understanding of the effect of environmental factors on system and subsystem performance. Additionally, research and development will be benefited in the areas of signal processing, computer-aided detection and classification, data compression, data fusion, and gee-referencing, as well as sensor and sensor system design.
Several commercial CD-R and CD-RW optical recording disks are exposed to intense white light sources (Halogen Tungsten and High-Intensity Discharge) at different exposure times under three minutes. Main analog playbac...
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Several commercial CD-R and CD-RW optical recording disks are exposed to intense white light sources (Halogen Tungsten and High-Intensity Discharge) at different exposure times under three minutes. Main analog playback parameters for CD-R and CD-RW optical recording disks are identified and characterized. The contents of a test disk is recorded onto each CD-R and CD-RW disk using a commercial rewritable/recordable disk drive. For each disk, written marks are imaged under a Nomarsky/Bright field optical microscope before and after exposure. Using a dynamic tester carrier-to-noise ratio and timing jitter are determined before and after exposure. AZO-dye CD-R disks, cyanine-dye CD-R disks, and CD-RW disks show considerable reduction in written mark contrast after exposure. Pthalocyanine-dye CD-R disks do not show significant changes in the mark contrast after exposure. Dynamic tester results confirm the mark contrast results and give insight into playback behavior of exposed disks.
In holographic datastorage, pages of information are overlapped in the volume of the recording medium. Due to destructive read-out in photorefractive crystals such as LiNbO3:Fe, holograms are recorded with an exposur...
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In holographic datastorage, pages of information are overlapped in the volume of the recording medium. Due to destructive read-out in photorefractive crystals such as LiNbO3:Fe, holograms are recorded with an exposure schedule to equalize the diffraction efficiency. Fifty localized holograms in a 4×4×4 mm3 crystal of LiNbO3:Fe,Mn are recorded in a 40 μm·1.5 mm area and analyzed. Selective erasure is achieved with sensitizing light and reference beam illumination. Results show that when localized hologram with equal power is in the reference and signal beam, the equalized diffraction efficiency and recording time for M holograms is roughly equal to that obtained using the conventional distributed volume recording with the same total power.
Video systems have seen a resurgence in military applications since the recent proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Video systems offer light weight, low cost, and proven COTS technology. Video has not pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431907
Video systems have seen a resurgence in military applications since the recent proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Video systems offer light weight, low cost, and proven COTS technology. Video has not proven to be a panacea, however, as generally available storage and transmission systems are limited in bandwidth. Digital video systems collect data at rates of up to 270 Mbs;typical transmission bandwidths range from 9600 baud to 10 Mbs. Either extended transmission times or data compression are needed to handle video bit streams. Video compression algorithms have been developed and evaluated in the commercial broadcast and entertainment industry. The Motion Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) developed MPEG-I to compress videos to CD ROM bandwidths (1.5 Mbs) and MPEG-2 to cover the range of 5-10 Mbs and higher. Commercial technology has not extended to lower bandwidths, nor has the impact of MPEG compression for military applications been demonstrated. Using digitized video collected by UAV systems, the effects of data compression on image interpretability and task satisfaction were investigated. Using both MPEG-2 and frame decimation, video clips were compressed to rates of 6Mbs, 1.5 Mbs, and 0.256 Mbs. Experienced image analysts provided task satisfaction estimates and National Image Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS) ratings on the compressed and uncompressed video clips. Results were analyzed to define the effects of compression rate and method on interpretability and task satisfaction. Lossless compression was estimated to occur at similar to 10 Mbs and frame decimation was superior to MPEG-2 at low bit rates.
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