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Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO

作者： Ollikainen, Olavi Gallus, Jurgen Nilsson, Cecilia Erni, Daniel Rebane, Aleksander Swiss Federal Inst of Technology Zurich Switzerland

Low-temperature polymer film doped with a near IR-absorbing Zn-naphthalocyanine-type dye molecules with 10-THz-broad inhomogeneous absorption band is applied to demonstrate multiplication of two 8-bit binary vectors in less than 10 ps by two-pulse photon echo. The point that if the power of the excitation pulse increase, then the present description of the echo spectrum as a product of the spectral intensities of the excitation pulses is not valid is discussed. In particular, it is shown that at high illumination intensities, the echo exhibits spectral components, which are not present in the incident pulses. Implications of this new observation to coherent optical storage and processing applications are discussed.

关键词： optical data processing

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Tradeoffs in binary and nonbinary optical recording

Tradeoffs in binary and nonbinary optical recording

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optical data storage, ODS 1998

作者： Vasic, Bane V. McLaughlin, Steven W. Djordjevic, Ivan Djordjevic, Goran Kodak Research Labs 460 Buffalo Rd. RochesterNY14652-3815 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332-0250 United States Faculty of Electronic Engineering University of Nis Nis18000 Serbia

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Wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia database

Wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia database

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7th storage and Retrieval for Image and Video databases conference

作者： Ueno, M Kinoshita, S Kuriki, M Murata, S Iwatsu, S NTT Integrated Informat & Energy Syst Labs Musashino Tokyo 1808585 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

We have developed a wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia databases that minimizes the possibility of simultaneous failure of multiple disks in the event of a major disaster. It features a RAID system whose member disks are spatially distributed over a wide area Each node has a device that includes the controller of the RAID and the controller of the member disks controlled by other nodes. The devices in the node are connected to a computer using fiber optic cables and communicate using Fibre-Channel technology. Any computer at a node can utilize multiple devices connected by optical fibers as a single "virtual disk". The advantage of this system structure is that devices and fiber optic cables are shared by the computers. In this report, we first describe our proposed system and a prototype we used for testing, Then we discuss its performance, i.e., how the read and write throughputs are affected by data-access delay, the RAID level, and queuing.

关键词： distributed system disaster-tolerant multimedia database system RAID fibre-channel wide distribution storage system file system

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Classification of multimedia processors

Classification of multimedia processors

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conference on Media Processors 1999

作者： Fatemi, O Panchanathan, S Univ Ottawa Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819431265

Multimedia system design presents challenges from the perspectives of both hardware and software. Each media in a multimedia environment requires different processes, techniques, algorithms and hardware implementations. Multimedia processing which necessitates real time digital video, audio, and 3D graphics processing is an essential part of new systems as 2D graphics and image processing was in current systems. Multimedia applications require efficient VLSI implementations for various media processing algorithms. Emerging multimedia standards and algorithms will result in hardware systems of high complexity. In addition to recent advances in enabling VLSI technology for high density and fast circuit implementations, special investigation of architectural approaches is also required. In the past few years, multimedia hardware design has captured the most attentions among researchers. New programmable processors, highspeed storage and modern parallelism techniques are among the variety of subjects, which are being addressed in this domain. A detailed categorization of available multimedia processing strategies is required to help designers in adapting these techniques into new architectures. Some of important options in multimedia hardware design include: processor structure, parallelization and granularity, data distribution techniques, instruction level parallelism memory interface and flexibility. In this paper, we address important issues in the design of a programmable multimedia processor.

关键词： Multimedia Digital signal processing Video Video processing data processing Visualization Clocks Image processing Very large scale integration Signal processing

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Compression and accelerated rendering of volume data using DWT

Compression and accelerated rendering of volume data using D...

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conference on Mathematical Modeling and Estimation Techniques in Computer Vision

作者： Kamath, P Akleman, E Chan, A Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429120

Two-dimensional (2-D) images cannot convey information on object depth and location relative to the surfaces. The medical community is increasingly using three-dimensional (3-D) visualization techniques to view data from CT scans, MRI etc. 3-D images provide more information on depth and location in the spatial domain to help surgeons making better diagnoses of the problem. 3-D images can be constructed from 2-D images using 3-D scalar algorithms. With recent advances in communication techniques, it is possible for doctors to diagnose and plan treatment of a patient who lives at a remote location. It is made possible by transmitting relevant data of the patient via telephone lines. If this information is to be reconstructed in 3-D, then 2-D images must be transmitted. However 2-D dataset storage occupies a lot of memory. In addition, visualization algorithms are slow. We describe in this paper a scheme which reduces the data transfer time by only transmitting information that the doctor wants. Compression is achieved by reducing the amount of data transfer. This is possible by using the 3-D wavelet transform applied to 3-D datasets. Since the wavelet transform is localized in frequency and spatial domain, we transmit detail only in the region where the doctor needs it. Since only ROI (Region of Interest) is reconstructed in detail, we need to render only ROI in detail, thus we can reduce the rendering time.

关键词： wavelets iso-surface rendering compression region of interest

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The challenge of global electronic submission standards in the biopharmaceutical industry

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DRUG INFORMATION JOURNAL 1998年第3期32卷 745-756页

作者： Fitzmartin, RD Purdue Pharma LP Biostat & Clin Data Management Norwalk CT 06850 USA

The international drug development environment is characterized by tremendous pressure to reduce health care costs, increasing government regulations, longer product development time, and shorter marketing exclusivity. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s many pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies have shown a commitment to the exploration and implementation of new technologies and to the establishment of open systems for the electronic exchange and review of regulatory information. The major electronic standards initiatives, Drug Application Methodology with optical storage (DAMOS), Multi Agency Electronic Regulatory Submission (MERS) Market Authorization by Network Submission and Evaluation (MANSEV), Electronic Submission for Market Authorization (SEDAMM), and the ICH Multidisciplinary Group (ICH-M2) on Electronic Standards for the Transfer of Regulatory Information, have very similar goals. There are very few differences among the standards initiatives at the highest level of the submission structure, and it is only at the detailed document or data structure level that a particular technology leg, SGML, PDF, or ASCII) may be more appropriate than another. The International conference on Harmonization, working with the standards initiatives, should be the mechanism for effecting convergence, harmonization, and maintenance of the global electronic submission standards.

关键词： electronic standards electronic submissions electronic NDA ICH CANDA

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Further advances in electron-beam pattern generation technology for 180 nm masks

Further advances in electron-beam pattern generation technol...

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conference on Photomask and X-Ray Mask technology V

作者： Abboud, F Sauer, C Vernon, M Coleman, T Dean, R Wang, W Prior, R Lu, MY Weaver, S Etec Syst Inc Hayward CA 94545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428647

The technology in use in today's mask shop may not be adequate to meet 180 nm production requirements. In particular, requirements for linewidth control, linewidth uniformity, and registration are tightening at a breakneck pace. Tn the past, incremental improvements to registration and linewidth have been adequate to keep pace with steadily evolving mask requirements. This paradigm of continuous incremental improvement is no longer a valid model. Mask writers are needed that can deliver a higher dose to support advanced resists for superior critical dimension (CD) control, write faster to compensate for shrinking device sizes, and incorporate advanced calibration and error control schemes to improve placement accuracy. This paper describes key electron-beam pattern generation activities necessary to meet 180 nm mask requirements. This includes testing and implementation of multipass graybeam to improve throughput at lower addresses without compromising lithography quality, a new resist and process capable of supporting dry etching, and a data path capable of supporting addressing to 10 nm. Multipass gray (MPG) writing strategy was introduced with the MEBES(R) 4500S. The ability to deliver a 4X improvement in dose while improving throughput is a significant advantage over previous MEBES systems. Because MPG is used in conjunction with offset scan voting, improvements in registration performance and a reduction in butting of over 50% have been demonstrated. Some of the process improvements attributed to a high dose mask writer are also documented in this paper. CD uniformity improvements with ZEP 7000 and dry etch at a 720 nm nominal feature size and smaller (that is, down to 360 nm) are also discussed in some detail.

关键词： dry etch electron beam CD control CD uniformity multipass gray

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Photoresist ultrafiltration optimization

Photoresist ultrafiltration optimization

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15th Annual SPIE conference on advances in Resist technology and Processing

作者： Jordhamo, G Melville, I Mewherter, AM IBM Corp Microelect Div Hopewell Junction NY 12533 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427780

Advanced semiconductor devices can suffer from a plethora ofdefects, some of which are attributable to the processes used for their manufacture and others which are inherent to the materials used to fabricate the device. As the level of integration in these devices continues to become more sophisticated, so too must the detection techniques and ultimately the control of such defects. One possible method to reduce defects is to monitor and control the purity of chemicals utilized to fabricate advanced devices. This paper will specifically deal with one such chemical, photoresist. The manufacture ofphotoresist chemicals has advanced significantly over the past 5-10 years. The once relatively crude "refmery-like" resist production facilities have been replaced with ultraclean facilities which are constructed and operated in a similar manner as advanced device fabs today. The driving force behind this transformation is to increase wafer yield by limiting defects on product wafers which are caused by particulate contamination in the resist material. Specific particles come in many flavors such as inactive dirt or dust particles to active metallic impurities containing elements such as sodium, calcium or iron. Likewise, there are many new techniques utilized to control specific particulates (e.g. ion exchange for metallic impurities). However, in general, to remove generic particulate contamination, filtration or ultrafiltration has been the mechanism of choice for many years and will probably continue to be so in the foreseeable future. In order to continually improve the efficiency ofthe filtration process, the ability to evaluate new filtration materials and techniques must be acquired. In addition, developing models which allow scaling from pilot systems to large production systems without repeating process optimization is critical in order to deliver leading edge products t the market quickly and efficiently. This study was primarily concerned with developing a techn

关键词： Particles Polymers Photoresist materials Mathematical modeling Polarization Systems modeling Solids data modeling optical filters Manufacturing

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Smart pixels with smart illumination for memory applications

Smart pixels with smart illumination for memory applications

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Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Advanced optical Memories and Interfaces to Computer storage

作者： Babbitt, Wm.Randall Azadeh, Mohammad Darling, Robert B. Montana State Univ Bozeman United States

The simple and compact optical design of the recently proposed smart pixels with smart illumination (SPSI) concept allows an integrated emitter and detector array to dynamically and efficiently illuminate and sense remote objects with enhanced functionality. Each pixel can control its associated photodetector(s) illumination level or modulation characteristics through electronic feedback from the pixel's photodetector(s) to its emitter. Features include intensity compression and background subtraction on every pixel. The SPSI concept has several potential applications in sensor array technology including edge detection;focus and tracking sensors;dynamic spotlight tracking systems;tracking of objects in manufacturing;and ranging. The features of SPSI can be exploited in the writing and reading interfaces of page-oriented optical memory systems. The simple optical design coupled with the electrically integrated array of emitters and detectors allows for simultaneous sensing of all elements of a two dimensional array, with each pixel adjusting to maximize its sensitivity. The opto-electronic feedback in each pixel allows for adjustment for variation in reflectivity (or emission) across a memory material and maximization of each photodetectors' dynamic range. Differential sensing capabilities allow for precise detection of dual rail digital or analog signals. Pixel-by-pixel background subtraction can reduce the effects of scattering and crosstalk between pixels. The dynamic spatial structure of the illumination could play an integral role in adaptive error correction and encryption algorithms.

关键词： optical data storage

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In-Vivo Catheter-Based Imaging with optical Coherence Tomography

In-Vivo Catheter-Based Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomogr...

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advances in optical Imaging and Photon Migration, AOIPM 1998

作者： Pitris, Costas Patwari, Parth Boppart, Stephen A. Bouma, Brett E. Tearney, Gary J. Fujimoto, James G. Brezinski, Mark E. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Masachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Cardiac Unit Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA02114 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1557525463

The high incidence and mortality rate associated with complications resulting from coronary artery atherosclerosis dictate an important and immediate need for a new, high resolution, diagnostic imaging technology that would allow characterization of artery microstructure with a micron scale resolution. OCT allows catheter based, cross-sectional imaging of blood vessels with a 10-20 µm resolution and is ideally suited for in vivo imaging of arterial structure. Recently, OCT imaging was extended to in vitro pathology, including multiple studies on atherosclerotic arteries. OCT has also been directly compared with a 30 MHz, IVUS transducer. In addition to qualitatively superior resolution with respect to imaging plaque, OCT was demonstrated to be quantitatively superior. In vivo imaging was performed on normal, New Zealand White rabbits using a novel rapid data acquisition system which allows imaging at 4 frames per second. This work, focusing on dynamic changes, demonstrates that high resolution intravascular imaging can be performed in vivo using optical coherence tomography. Images at 10 µm resolution were obtained, representing an improvement of over lOX that of 'state of the art' IVUS transducers. © 1998 optical Society of America.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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