This paper reports preliminary measurements of the dependence of diffraction efficiency for individual holograms stored in bacteriorhodopsin (BR) on the total number of holograms present in the medium. BR is an organi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819423750
This paper reports preliminary measurements of the dependence of diffraction efficiency for individual holograms stored in bacteriorhodopsin (BR) on the total number of holograms present in the medium. BR is an organically derived photochromic material that is well suited for use in three dimensional digital holographic memory. Upon the absorption of photons BR shifts from a ground state with a peak absorption in the red to an excited state with a peak absorption in the blue. Thus images may be written and erased in BR by using different wavelength Light sources. Recent advances have led to the ability to permanently store volume holograms in BR films with the ability to repeatedly read, write and erase these holograms. One of the critical parameters that will determine the density of information contained in a BR-holographic memory is the decay of the diffraction efficiency, and thus read-out signal to noise ratio, for individual holograms as other holograms are written into the same space. The diffraction efficiency appears to depend exponentially on the number of holograms for low exposures and vary as a slower exponential or the inverse of the number of holograms for Large exposures.
Bay Gas storage Company, Ltd. is a salt dome storage facility owned primarily by Mobile Gas Service Corporation of Mobile, Alabama. It is the first underground natural gas storage facility in Alabama and uses salt dom...
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Bay Gas storage Company, Ltd. is a salt dome storage facility owned primarily by Mobile Gas Service Corporation of Mobile, Alabama. It is the first underground natural gas storage facility in Alabama and uses salt dome storagetechnology to inventory natural gas for future use. Bay Gas stores natural gas for Mobile Gas Services' use as well as offering storage capacity for use by other natural gas users and suppliers. The plant and compressors are controlled by an Allen-Bradley PLC network consisting of one PLC5-40 for main plant control and two PLC5-30 remote PLC's controlling two 2000 HP gas injection compressors. The operator interface is PC based using Allen-Bradley Control View and data Highway Plus communication protocol. The plant was engineered and construction managed by BE&K of Mobile, Alabama.
The major component of a photoresist formulation is a matrix resin, which therefore has the greatest effect on resist performance. At deep-UV wavelengths the resins of choice are linear phenolic polymers, such as poly...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819421006
The major component of a photoresist formulation is a matrix resin, which therefore has the greatest effect on resist performance. At deep-UV wavelengths the resins of choice are linear phenolic polymers, such as poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHOST), which have excellent absorption characteristics within the DUV region. This paper demonstrates the synthesis of a range of narrow polydispersity PHOST polymers (M(n) = 2,000 - 30,000;PD = 1.1 - 1.4) via a ''living'' radical polymerization technique. Further, the effects of polydispersity and molecular weight on the dissolution behavior and thermal properties of these polymers are reported.
Over the past twenty years considerable advances have been made in new optical fiber sensor technology able to measure physical parameters as a function of linear position. Such advances are of interest to the civil e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819421650
Over the past twenty years considerable advances have been made in new optical fiber sensor technology able to measure physical parameters as a function of linear position. Such advances are of interest to the civil engineering community who have the problem of implementing measurement systems which can provide data on the structural state of health of large constructions such as bridges. This paper reviews the background to the measurement problem and outlines the relevant optical fiber techniques which have been considered in this context. The potential and the limitations of these measurement approaches is discussed.
The promise of new architectures and more cost-effective miniaturization has prompted interest in hybrid molecular and semiconductor computers. Nature has already optimized through serendipitous natural selection some...
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The promise of new architectures and more cost-effective miniaturization has prompted interest in hybrid molecular and semiconductor computers. Nature has already optimized through serendipitous natural selection some molecules for such applications. We examine here the use of the protein bacteriorhodopsin in three-dimensional optical memories. By using a sequential one-photon process, parallel read and write processes can be carried out without disturbing data outside of the irradiated volume. We examine the architecture and the methods currently under study to enhance the relevant photophysical properties of the protein.
We have developed a stable process for chemically amplified resists against the airborne contamination using a new adhesion promoter. The new adhesion promoter does not produce ammonia when it decomposes and its trime...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819421006
We have developed a stable process for chemically amplified resists against the airborne contamination using a new adhesion promoter. The new adhesion promoter does not produce ammonia when it decomposes and its trimethylsilyl group adheres to a substrate. We have applied this new adhesion promoter to KrF excimer laser lithography. The excellent O.30 mu m pattern profiles were achieved without skin-layer or T-top profiles after leaving the exposed wafer in the atmosphere of the new adhesion promoter for 15 minutes before PEB. We also found that the adhesion strength of the new adhesion promoter to a substrate is as good as the conventional adhesion promoter and obtained large depth of focus latitude using the new adhesion promoter.
This paper presents a methodology for extracting Post Exposure Bake reaction and diffusivity parameters through broad area exposures, without the need for FTIR measurements. The parameter estimates are obtained by var...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819421006
This paper presents a methodology for extracting Post Exposure Bake reaction and diffusivity parameters through broad area exposures, without the need for FTIR measurements. The parameter estimates are obtained by varying processing conditions as to achieve the same dissolution rate, and hence the same level of deprotection. Experiments conducted with APEX-E resulted in the following reaction parameter estimates, K-1 = 2.31/sec, K-2 = 0.0038/sec and m = 1.71, which are in close agreement with values obtain with FTIR data. To calibrate the acid diffusion, top-to-top contact diffusion experiments can be used. Results for APEX-E gave diffusivity estimates for an exponential diffusion model of D-0=5.6e-6 and omega=5.8. An analysis of variance conducted on the data shows a constant diffusion model has considerable lack of fit.
Current image retrieval systems have many important limitations. Many are specialized for a particular domain of images, and are not applicable to other image domains. The more general systems treat all images uniform...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819423181
Current image retrieval systems have many important limitations. Many are specialized for a particular domain of images, and are not applicable to other image domains. The more general systems treat all images uniformly. Consequently, the power of their query facility is limited to color, texture, shape, and other features that are common to all images, with no deeper understanding of the structure of a given image. Few systems (if any) have addressed the issue of scalability with respect to the size of the image collection and with respect to the underlying techniques. There are two communities that can contribute to image databases: Computer Vision(7) and database Systems. In this paper we focus on the database side of the issue. We consider how to design a database system that supports a rich class of content-based queries on image collections, scales with collection size, and can easily incorporate future advances in computer vision. This paper outlines one approach, in the form of the design, implementation and testing of an image database system called PIQ. The main contributions we make are: 1. The idea of a data model for describing image data. This is coupled with an Object Model Description Language (OMDL) for describing image domains. We introduce our first cut at such a data model and its description language. 2. The ''Feature Extraction Manager''. This is a general algorithm for extracting features from images that utilizes the data model and any computer vision algorithms given to it and manages the search for objects in each of the given images. 3. A demonstration of the power of a query language that is built on top of an image data model. 4. A system design with an extensibility feature that can incorporate new feature extraction algorithms. To our knowledge, this is the first proposal for the use of a non-trivial data model (coupled with an image description language) for processing large sets of images in a DBMS. We discuss the impact of the data
With over 100 million units per year, the optical pick up is probably the most widely produced electro optic assembly on these days. It is also the driving force of semiconductor laser production with development of h...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819421693
With over 100 million units per year, the optical pick up is probably the most widely produced electro optic assembly on these days. It is also the driving force of semiconductor laser production with development of higher power for high data rate recording and shorter wavelength for high density. The production of CD pick up is of course highly cost driven; over 20 years of opticalstorage history and ten years of CD, the reduction in size, power consumption and cost can be compared to the evolution of integrated circuit. Diffractive optics plays a significant role in this roadmap, although as will be seen not all functions can be expected to be played by diffractive optics. Refractive lens will remain the leading technology for all functions that involve strong bending of the rays. In the near future the production of CD and CD-ROM player is expected to reach a plateau at twice today's production but MO drives and soon DVD are taking off.
The proceedings contains 43 papers from the Third International conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using optical Interconnections (MPPOI '96). Topics discussed include: integrated optoelectronics;image pi...
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The proceedings contains 43 papers from the Third International conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using optical Interconnections (MPPOI '96). Topics discussed include: integrated optoelectronics;image pixels;optoelectronic computing architectures;electronic planar interconnections;flexible optical backplane interconnections;path multiplexing;link multiplexing;optical networks;on line permutation scheduling;photonic fast Fourier transform processing engines;photonic datastorage elements;telecomputing systems;videoputing systems;analog interface circuitry;fiber optic transceivers;multimode fiber technology;cross phase modulation;guided wave optical signals;optoelectronic switches;and free space optomechanics.
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