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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Algorithms, Devices, and Systems for Optical Information Processing"

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Quantum theory and virtual photon model of near field optics

Quantum theory and virtual photon model of near field optics

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conference on Near-Field Optics - Physics, devices, and information processing

作者： Kobayashi, K Ohtsu, M Japan Sci & Technol Corp ERATO Localized Photon Project Machida Tokyo 1940004 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819432776

We point out that recent experimental results exemplify the need for quantum theoretical treatment of optical near-field problems, as well as the need for an intuitive model that provides clear insights into near-field optical systems. In this context, the virtual photon model as an intuitive model is discussed, and a quantum theoretical formulation of an optical near-field system is proposed on the basis of the projection-operator method. Special attention is paid to nanometric probe tip and quantum-mechanical sample systems such as atoms, molecules, and quantum dots. The effective probe tip-sample interaction is derived from the microscopic viewpoint;this interaction is essential for describing such phenomena as atom guidance and manipulation, or local excitation of a single quantum dot. The relationship to the virtual photon model is also discussed by focusing on the latter's empirical assumption of Yukanra-type interaction between the probe tip and sample. The key points are that a probe tip exists near the sample, and that the electron energies in the probe tip or sample are inversely proportional to the square of its size, owing to the confinement effect. Several applications and the future prospects of our theory are also briefly outlined.

关键词： quantum theory projection operators massive virtual photon optical near field Yukawa potential nanometric sample atom/molecule

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Revisions to the JDL data fusion model

Revisions to the JDL data fusion model

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conference on Sensor Fusion - Architectures, algorithms, and Applications III

作者： Steinberg, AN Bowman, CL White, FE ERIM Int Inc Arlington VA 22209 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431931

The Data Fusion Model maintained by the Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Data Fusion Group is the most widely-used method for categorizing data fusion-related functions. This paper discusses the current effort to revise and expand this model to facilitate the cost-effective development, acquisition, integration and operation of multi-sensor/multi-source systems. Data fusion involves combining information - in the broadest sense - to estimate or predict the state of some aspect of the universe. These may be represented in terms of attributive and relational states. If the job is to estimate the state of a people (or any other sentient beings), it can be useful to include consideration of informational and perceptual stares in addition to the physical state. Developing cost-effective multi-source information systems requires a method for specifying data fusion processing and control functions, interfaces, and associated databases. The lack of common engineering standards for data fusion systems has been a major impediment to integration and re-use of available technology: current developments do nor lend themselves to objective evaluation, comparison or re-use. This paper reports on proposed revisions and expansions of the JDL Data Fusion model to remedy some of these deficiencies. This involves broadening the functional model and related taxonomy beyond the original military focus, and integrating the Data Fusion Tree Architecture model for system description, design and development.

关键词： Data fusion Data modeling systems modeling Standards development Data processing Sensors Algorithm development Data analysis systems engineering Signal detection

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New architectures and components for optical target recognition at the U.S. Army aviation & missile command

New architectures and components for optical target recognit...

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Proceedings of the 1999 optical Pattern Recognition X

作者： Kirsch, James C. Jones, Brian K. Crowe, W.Mike US Army Aviation and Missile Command Redstone Arsenal AL United States

Poor performance in key components has limited the development of optical target recognition systems. New components are now available, however, that exhibit size and speed characteristics compatible with image processing applications. The U.S. Army Aviation & Missile Command has recently begun a program to exploit the new devices for both homing and imagery analysis applications. New architectures and algorithms which exploit the modulation characteristics of the new devices are being developed and tested. Part of the program is also aimed at funding improvements in the devices to better meet the requirements for optical target recognition. This paper will discuss the overall program specific devices under consideration, and present the architectures and algorithms under development. Any experimental results available at the time will also be presented, with more detailed results to be presented at a later conference.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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Performance analysis of optical nonlinear morphological correlation under unknown illumination conditions

Performance analysis of optical nonlinear morphological corr...

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Proceedings of the 1999 algorithms, devices, and systems for optical information processing III

作者： Zhang, Shuqun Karim, Mohammad A. Univ of Dayton Dayton United States

We investigate the performance of morphological correlation under different illumination conditions. The morphological correlation is shown to be invariant to uniform input-image illumination when the input-image illumination is higher than that of the reference. Accordingly, illumination-independent pattern recognition can be realized using morphological correlation provided the reference is multiplied by a proper number less than unity or the input image is multiplied by a number greater than unity before threshold-decomposition. In addition, the correlation peak tends to get broader when illumination of the input is different from that of the reference. Computer simulation results are provided.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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Development platform for self-organizing wireless sensor networks

Development platform for self-organizing wireless sensor net...

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conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications

作者： Agre, JR Clare, LP Pottie, GJ Romanov, NP Rockwell Sci Ctr Thousand Oaks CA 91360 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431877

Distributed microsensor networks, built from collections of nodes each having the ability to sense their environment, process the raw sensor data in cooperation with other neighboring nodes into information and then communicate that information to end users. These systems are designed to be self-organizing in the sense of establishing and maintaining their own network without the need for specialist operators. In most envisioned applications, wireless communications are the most practical means of interconnection, eliminating the internode cabling. Long periods of autonomous operations in remote environments will need battery or other renewable energy sources. In order to prolong battery life, all node hardware and software functions need to be designed to consume minimal power. In general, a node will expend energy on local processing of sensor data to produce compressed information in order to reduce communications. These network systems are intended to support large numbers of such nodes to cover large geographic areas. This presents technical challenges in areas such as low cost design, scalability, cooperative processing and reliable operation of complex systems. Such networks are finding applications in both the military and commercial arenas, and the UCLA/Rockwell Science Center team(1) has developed a prototype wireless sensor node, "AWAIRS I," as a development platform to examine many of the issues relating to their design, deployment and usage. These issues cover a broad spectrum, from determining the best sensors for particular applications, to constructing low power signal processing algorithms and robust and low power network protocols.

关键词： Sensors Microsensors Sensor networks Data communications Signal processing Algorithm development Human-machine interfaces Prototyping Wireless communications Acoustics

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Free-space all-optical interconnection with a photorefractive crystal

Free-space all-optical interconnection with a photorefractiv...

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1999 Pacific Rim conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO/Pacific Rim 1999

作者： Nakada, Tsutomu Okamoto, Atsushi Takayama, Yoshihisa SatO, Kunihim Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Laboratoty of Optical Processing and NehYoWng Research Gmup of Computer and Communication Systems Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Kital3-Nishi8 Kita-ku Sapporo060-8628 Japan Faculty of Engineering Hokkai-Gakuen University Sapporo064-0926 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780356616

Recently, optical interconnection devices with parallel processing have been studied. Especially, expectations of an all-optical interconnection have been rising, and using a cat conjugator in a photorefractive crystal has been proposed to realize an optically controlled interconnection. In this report we propose a free-space all-optical interconnection device using the beam-fanning effect in a photorefractive crystal and perform 4 × 4 operations experimentally. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Photoreactivity

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Practical information-based data fusion performance evaluation

Practical information-based data fusion performance evaluati...

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conference on Signal processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VIII

作者： Zajic, T Mahler, R Lockheed Martin Tact Def Syst Eagan MN 55121 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081943194X

The ability to meaningfully assess the competence of algorithms is a crucial part of developing and comparing practical systems. Moreover, the importance of metrology has increased because of the emergence of fusion strategies such as adaptive fusion and fusion management, which require that Measures of Performance (MoPs), Effectiveness (MoEs), and Robustness (MoRs) be examined with greater seriousness. It would seem, therefore, that few things could be as important as achieving a scientific understanding of measurement. In reality, probably no other vital aspect of multisource-multisensor data fusion has been less glamorous, more heuristic, more poorly understood, and less a subject of deep examination than has been metrology. In this paper we present preliminary findings of an ongoing project on scientific performance evaluation for multisource-multisensor data fusion, sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratories, Rome NY.

关键词： performance evaluation information metrics adaptive data fusion random sets

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Application of self-organized genetic algorithms to a novel color recognition system of all-optical neural network

Application of self-organized genetic algorithms to a novel ...

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conference on Intelligent systems in Design and Manufacturing II

作者： Sasaki, W Uchida, H Takahashi, K Doshisha Univ Dept Elect Kyoto 6100321 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819434264

We have demonstrated a color recognition system composed by a novel, self-organized optical neural network system that includes genetic algorithms (GA) along with back propagation (BP) schemes, which make it possible that the system avoids the local minimum problems and make the learning processes faster and better. Our system is composed of a color liquid crystal display panel(LCD), bistable semiconductor lasers, photo-diodes, and liquid crystal light projector (LCP). The LCD weighs the intensities of light that passes through it and works as synapses in the neural network. The optical bistable semiconductor lasers originate the optical sigmoid functions and serve as threshold processing units. Using these devices can simplify the configuration of the optical neural network system. The color of light emitted from the LCP will be recognized by the neural network system. A monochromatic light beam generated by the LCP is illuminated on all over the LCD surface displaying the colored boxes in the three primary components (RGB). Thus, the light beam is weighed when it passes through the boxes on the LCD. As a consequence, we have achieved a novel, simplified color recognition system using GA for self-organization of the optical neural network. The unique feature of this system is to make use of GA and BP at the same time to derive selectively the merits from these two methods. In addition, we have analyzed the 3-layered neural network system by simulation, which can afford to handle the linearly inseparable training signals. The derived results suggest that also in the 3-layered system the combined learning method of BP and GA should be immensely effective. By this system, more naturalized color recognition like human will be performed, being able to distinguish the colors under different conditions of environment, e.g. lightening conditions, surface conditions of colored material, etc.

关键词： optical neural network color recognition genetic algorithm optical bistable function back propagation method linearly inseparable signals

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Adaptive beamforming with TDI CCD based true-time-delay processing

Adaptive beamforming with TDI CCD based true-time-delay proc...

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Proceedings of the 1999 algorithms, devices, and systems for optical information processing III

作者： Kiruluta, Andrew Kriehn, Gregory Silveira, Paulo E.X. Weaver, Sam Kraut, Shawn Wagner, Kelvin Anderson, Dana Univ of Colorado Boulder United States

We present an adaptation of the BEAMTAP (Broadband and Efficient Adaptive Method for True-time-delay Array processing) algorithm, previously developed for wideband phased array radars, to lower bandwidth applications such as sonar. This system utilizes the emerging time or wavelength multiplexed optical hydro-phone sensors and processes the cohered array of signals in the optical domain without conversion to the electronic domain or digitization. Modulated signals from an optical hydro-phone array are pre-processed then imaged through a photorefractive crystal where they interfere with a reference signal and its delayed replicas. The diffraction of the sonar signals off these adaptive weight gratings and detection on a linear time-delay-and-integrate charge coupled device (TDI CCD) completes the true-time-delay (TTD) beamforming process. optical signals focused on different regions of the TDI CCD accumulate the appropriate delays necessary to synchronize and coherently sum the acoustic signals arriving at various angles on the hydro-phone array. In this paper, we present an experimental demonstration of TTD processing of low frequency signals (in the KHz sonar regime) using a TDI CCD tapped delay line. Simulations demonstrating the performance of the overall system are also presented.

关键词： Signal processing

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optical finite impulse response neural networks

Optical finite impulse response neural networks

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Proceedings of the 1999 algorithms, devices, and systems for optical information processing III

作者： Silveira, Paulo E.X. Wagner, Kelvin H. Univ of Colorado Boulder United States

We present a time and space integrating optical architecture for multi-layer finite impulse response neural networks (FIRNN). The proposed architecture is capable of forward propagation and on-line learning in the form of backward propagation. FIRNNs are first presented and analyzed. From the analysis it is observed that the implementation of FIRNNs requires the calculation of temporal convolutions, which inspire the use of time-integrating and space-integrating optical architectures. A novel device is proposed for the space-integrating architecture, based on the use of a rotating volume hologram. Initially, two single-layer architectures based on the space integrating and time integrating architectures are presented, leading to the multi-layer architecture, which uses a combination of both architectures, folding them together in such a way that all the operations of the order O(N3) are performed optically and only the less computationally intensive operations are performed electronically.

关键词： Neural networks

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