The lithography process is the critical step in the fabrication of nanostructures for integrated circuit manufacturing. In this paper, a summary is presented of several projects applying control and signal processing ...
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The lithography process is the critical step in the fabrication of nanostructures for integrated circuit manufacturing. In this paper, a summary is presented of several projects applying control and signal processing techniques to lithography. We begin with a discussion of areas in the optical exposure process where systems techniques make a significant difference. These areas include the optical mask preparation step where fast simulation methods and computational algorithms are used for mask design. Critical systems areas for next generation lithography are noted including nanopositioning by precision control of flexure systems and alignment by signal processing of laser interferometry strategies. A case study is then presented of temperature control for the postexposure bake step of sensitive chemically amplified photoresists used in deep-UV lithography.
This paper presents an architecture for an adaptive equalizer that is dynamically reconfigurable for low-power operation. The equalizer is composed of a signal processing block which accomplishes the filtering operati...
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This paper presents an architecture for an adaptive equalizer that is dynamically reconfigurable for low-power operation. The equalizer is composed of a signal processing block which accomplishes the filtering operations and a signal monitoring block which controls reconfiguration by monitoring the equalizer performance and dynamically powering up or down filter taps in order to conserve energy. This reconfigurable equalizer is used in the design of a 51.84 Mb/s VDSL receiver core, and simulation results are shown which demonstrate the power savings accomplished through reconfiguration.
A Universal Sensor Interface Module (USIM) is being developed by the Raytheon-TI systems Company for use with fields of unattended distributed sensors. In its production configuration the USIM will be a multi-chip mod...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819430439
A Universal Sensor Interface Module (USIM) is being developed by the Raytheon-TI systems Company for use with fields of unattended distributed sensors. In its production configuration the USIM will be a multi-chip module consisting of a set of common modules. The common module USIM set consists of (1) a Sensor Adapter Interface (SAI) module, (2) digital signal processor (DSP) and associated memory module, and (3) a RF transceiver module. The Multi-spectral sensor interface is designed around a low power AID converter whose input/output interface consists of: - 8 buffered, sampled inputs from various devices including environmental, acoustic seismic and magnetic sensors. The eight sensor inputs are each high-impedance, low capacitance, differential amplifiers. The inputs are ideally suited for interface with discrete or MEMS sensors, since the differential input will allow direct connection with high-impedance bridge sensors and capacitance voltage sources. Each amplifier is connected to a 22-bit Delta Sigma AID converter to enable simultaneous samples. The low power Delta Sigma A/D converter provides 22 bit resolution at sample frequencies up to 142 hertz (used for magnetic sensors) and 16 bit resolution at frequencies up to 1168 hertz (used for acoustic and seismic sensors). The video interface module is based around the TMS320C5410 DSP. It can provide sensor array addressing, video data input, data calibration and correction. The processor module is based upon a MPC555. It will be used for mode control, synchronization of complex sensors, sensor signal processing, array processing, target classification and tracking. Many functions of the A/D, DSP and transceiver can be powered down by using variable clock speeds under software command or chip power switches. They can be returned to intermediate or full operation by DSP command. Power management may be based on the USIM's internal timer, command from the USIM transceiver, or by sleep mode processing management. Th
The potential of large scale fibre optic sensor arrays for distributed and real time monitoring of engineering structures is discussed. It is shown that novel spatial multiplexing techniques augmented by special signa...
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The potential of large scale fibre optic sensor arrays for distributed and real time monitoring of engineering structures is discussed. It is shown that novel spatial multiplexing techniques augmented by special signal processingalgorithms, whilst being more robust than systems based on other multiplexing techniques, can also achieve higher multiplexing capacity, measurement speed and cost effectiveness.
Surveillance sensors are being applied in factory automation systems, traffic control, entrapment protection, automotive safety systems and in other applications where information about the occupancy of a scene is req...
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Surveillance sensors are being applied in factory automation systems, traffic control, entrapment protection, automotive safety systems and in other applications where information about the occupancy of a scene is required. In order to detect object motion several methods exploiting distinct physical phenomena, e.g. passive infrared sensors or active microwave sensors, have been realized. When comparing all of the applicable methods, the electro-optical approach performs very well with respect to the spatial resolution of the monitored area. Therefore, electro-optical sensors are able to provide additional information, e.g. to predict the direction of motion, or to localize and identify objects. However, convenient image processingsystems using CCD sensors for image acquisition and DSP or /spl mu/P boards for signal processing and classification are not well suited for dedicated, powerful and cost-effective optical sensor solutions. In contrast to this mainstream approach CMOS based imaging technologies offer novel solutions in both the design and applications of electro-optical surveillance sensors. This contribution discusses CMOS imager operating principles and describes certain architectures and applications for passive and active surveillance sensors. The capabilities for realizing on-chip motion detection and range sensing using fast shutter devices are illustrated. We conclude with a discussion of the status of CMOS surveillance sensors and suggest trends for future applications.
Collinear acoustooptic (AO) separators and switches consisting of an optical directional coupler are investigated for use in WDM networks and photonic switching systems. Wavelength-selective switching with AO switches...
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Collinear acoustooptic (AO) separators and switches consisting of an optical directional coupler are investigated for use in WDM networks and photonic switching systems. Wavelength-selective switching with AO switches consisting of Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5//Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5//proton-exchanged LiNbO/sub 3/ on LiNbO/sub 3/ substrates are performed. The fundamental switching characteristics and applications to WDM systems are discussed.
Develops approaches for imaging weak-contrast buried objects using data from a ground penetrating radar array. An approximate physical model relating the collected data to the underground objects is developed. This mo...
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Develops approaches for imaging weak-contrast buried objects using data from a ground penetrating radar array. An approximate physical model relating the collected data to the underground objects is developed. This model uses ray optics to represent the air/soil interface, and a Born approximation to model the weak contrast backscattering from buried objects. In order to address both modeling errors and ill-posedness, the proposed image reconstruction algorithms use regularization based on a total variation norm with orientation preference. The algorithms are tested on data generated by nonlinear finite difference time domain electromagnetic simulations.
Image registration is formulated as a problem of finding optimal linear intensity and spatial transformations. A genetic algorithm is proposed to find optimal parameters of the transformations. The new approach is use...
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Image registration is formulated as a problem of finding optimal linear intensity and spatial transformations. A genetic algorithm is proposed to find optimal parameters of the transformations. The new approach is used to register functional MR time series images of the human brain to compensate for subject head movement.
An in-line fibre etalon sensor system using the laser chirp and three wavelength arc-tangent algorithm to measure the absolute phase is studied. We proposed and proved the new algorithm by performing the experiments. ...
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An in-line fibre etalon sensor system using the laser chirp and three wavelength arc-tangent algorithm to measure the absolute phase is studied. We proposed and proved the new algorithm by performing the experiments. As a result of signal processing, the minimum detectable strain was 6.3 /spl mu/ strain.
We report on a novel multi-dimensional optical scanning technique based on fiber-based wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) technology. This scanner can provide a large field of view (e.g., up to 360 degrees), a larg...
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We report on a novel multi-dimensional optical scanning technique based on fiber-based wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) technology. This scanner can provide a large field of view (e.g., up to 360 degrees), a large scanning volume, a fast scanning speed, and the ability to scan a complicated three-dimensional (3-D) geometry. WDM devices have been recently used in telecommunication optical networks.
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