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CORES AS THE BASIS FOR OBJECT VISION IN MEDICAL IMAGES

CORES AS THE BASIS FOR OBJECT VISION IN MEDICAL IMAGES

引用

conference on Image Perception: Medical Imaging 1994

作者： PIZER, SM BURBECK, CA UNIV N CAROLINA DEPT COMP SCICHAPEL HILLNC 27599

ISBN: (纸本)0819414611

Much of the reading of medical images is in terms of figures: objects or object components. We focus on the part of the visual process in which the viewer attentively scrutinizes objects to determine their shape and their geometry relative to other nearby objects. We propose and give evidence that figures are represented in terms of their middles and widths by a mechanisms that separates information at various levels of detail. Important figural properties, as well as inter-figure relationships, appear directly in or are easily derived from this representation by a set of cores. Cores are traces in scale space that are derived from a value called medialness. Medialness is, in turn, derived from boundariness values, which are multiscale graded measurements derived directly from the image intensities. Core formation is guided by attention which directs processing to an approximate location and size (scale), i.e., about here, about this width. This paper gives justification for the model and discusses its usefulness in modeling various visual tasks that are performed when viewing medical images.

关键词： Medical imaging Visual process modeling Sensors Image processing Visualization Performance modeling Modulation Tumor growth modeling information technology systems modeling

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IMAGE SEGMENTATION APPLIED TO CT EXAMINATION OF LYMPHANGIOLEIOMYOMATOSIS (LAM)

IMAGE SEGMENTATION APPLIED TO CT EXAMINATION OF LYMPHANGIOLE...

引用

conference on Image processing

作者： EVERHART, J CANNON, M NEWELL, J LYNCH, D LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB LOS ALAMOSNM 87545

ISBN: (纸本)081941462X

The purpose of this study is to use modern image segmentation techniques to quantitate cyst area and number within a complete CT examination of the lungs. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) was chosen because this disease produces many well defined thin- walled cysts of varying sizes throughout the lungs that provide a good test for 2D image segmentation techniques, which are used to separate LAM cysts from the normal lung tissue. Quantitative measures of the lung, such as cyst area versus frequency, are then automatically extracted. Three women with LAM were examined using CT slices obtained at 20 mm intervals, with 1 to 1.5 mm collimation, and a pixel size of 0.4 - 0.5 mm. Our segmentation algorithm operates in several stages. First, masks for each lung are automatically generated, thus allowing only lung pixels to be considered for the cyst segmentation. Next, we threshold the data under the masks at a level of -900 Hounsfield units. The threshold segments LAM cysts from normal lung tissue and other structures, such as pulmonary veins and arteries. In order to determine the size of individual cysts, we grow all regions having brightness values lower than the threshold within the masked regions. These regions, which correspond to cysts, are then sorted by size, and a cyst histogram for each patient is computed.

关键词： Lung Image segmentation Computed tomography Tissues Image processing Image processing algorithms and systems Blood Collimation Lymphatic system Veins

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4th International conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT 1994

引用

4th International conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT 1994

ISBN: (纸本)9783540578185

The proceedings contain 33 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Extending Database Technology. The topics include: The object management group standardization of object technology;type derivation using the projection operation;subsumption between queries to object-oriented databases;matrix relation for statistical database management;deductive database support for data visualization;subsumption-free bottom-up evaluation of logic programs with partially instantiated data structures;virtual schemas and bases;role-based query processing in multidatabase systems;content routing for distributed information servers;a unified approach to concurrency control and transaction recovery;algorithms for flexible space management in transaction systems supporting fine-granularity locking;indexing alternatives for multiversion locking;a rule-based approach for the design and implementation of information systems;on behavioral schema evolution in object-oriented databases;representing and using performance requirements during the development of information systems;a model-theoretic semantics of the multilevel relational model;correctness of ISA hierarchies in object-oriented database schemas;power efficient filtering of data on air;video information contents and architecture;optimizing storage of objects on mass storage systems with robotic devices;on the estimation of join result sizes;DBJ - a dynamic balancing hash join algorithm in multiprocessor database systems;tabu search optimization of large join queries;the implementation and performance evaluation of the ADMS query optimizer;optimization of nested queries in a complex object model;a multi-threaded architecture for prefetching in object bases and supporting full-text information retrieval with a persistent object store.

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DICOM V3.0 - THE CEN TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION

DICOM V3.0 - THE CEN TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION

引用

conference on PACS: Design and Evaluation

作者： JENSCH, P HEWETT, A CORDONNIER, E MATTHEUS, R INST OFFIS D-26121 OLDENBURGGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)0819414603

This paper gives an overview about the DICOM trial implementation by CEN/TC251/WG4 and some background information about the development approach. It also highlights the integration of requirements into runtime software and related tools to follow future DICOM updates (additional parts) and to set-up a testbed of services for specific user orientations. Furthermore, this paper gives an status report about currently implemented DICOM features and explains the necessary future steps to install DICOM in operational environments existing in Europe.

关键词： Associative arrays Data modeling Data communications Standards development Software development Databases Composites Image processing Radiology systems modeling

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SEMIAUTOMATIC BRAIN MORPHOMETRY FROM CT IMAGES

SEMIAUTOMATIC BRAIN MORPHOMETRY FROM CT IMAGES

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conference on Image processing

作者： SOLTANIANZADEH, H WINDHAM, JP PECK, DJ HENRY FORD HOSP MED IMAGE ANAL LABDETROITMI 48202

ISBN: (纸本)081941462X

Fast, accurate, and reproducible volume estimation is vital to the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of many medical situations. We present the development and application of a semi-automatic method for estimating volumes of normal and abnormal brain tissues from computed tomography images. This method does not require manual drawing of the tissue boundaries. It is therefore expected to be faster and more reproducible than conventional methods. The steps of the new method are as follows. (1) The intracranial brain volume is segmented from the skull and background using thresholding and morphological operations. (2) The additive noise is suppressed (the image is restored) using a non-linear edge-preserving filter which preserves partial volume information on average. (3) The histogram of the resulting low-noise image is generated and the dominant peak is removed from it using a Gaussian model. (4) Minima and maxima of the resulting histogram are identified and using a minimum error criterion, the brain is segmented into the normal tissues (white matter and gray matter), cerebrospinal fluid, and lesions, if present. (5) Previous steps are repeated for each slice through the brain and the volume of each tissue type is estimated from the results. Details and significance of each step are explained. Experimental results using a simulation, a phantom, and selected clinical cases are presented.

关键词： Image segmentation Tissues Brain Neuroimaging Computed tomography Image processing 3D image processing Bone Computing systems Skull

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DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY - IMPROVEMENTS IN processing

DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY - IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSIN...

引用

conference on Image processing

作者： ERGUN, DL PEPPLER, WW DOBBINS, JT ZINK, FE KRUGER, DG KELCZ, F DEBRUIJN, FJ BELLERS, EW WANG, Y ALTHOF, RJ WIND, MGJ PHILIPS MED SYST N AMER SHELTONCT 06484

ISBN: (纸本)081941462X

We have reported on a single-exposure dual-energy system based on computed radiography (CR) technology. In a clinical study conducted over a two year period, the dual-energy system proved to be highly successful in improving the detection (p=0.0005) and characterization (p=0.005) of pulmonary nodules when compared to conventional screen-film radiography. The basic components of our dual-energy detector system include source filtration with gadolinium to produce a bi-modal x-ray spectrum and a cassette containing four CR imaging plates. The front and back plates record the low-energy and high-energy images, respectively, and the middle two plates serve as an intermediate filter. Since our initial report, a number of improvements have been made to make the system more practical. An automatic registration algorithm based on image features has been developed to align the front and back image plates. There have been two improvements in scatter correction: a simple correction is now made to account for scatter within the multi-plate detector; and a correction algorithm is applied to account for scatter variations between patients. An improved basis material decomposition (BMD) algorithm has been developed to facilitate automatic operation of the algorithm. Finally, two new noise suppression techniques are under investigation: one adjusts the noise filtering parameters depending on the strength of edge signals in the detected image in order to greatly reduce quantum mottle while minimizing the introduction of artifacts; a second routine uses knowledge of the region of valid low-energy and high-energy image data to suppress noise with minimal introduction of artifacts. This paper is a synthesis of recent work aimed at improving the performance of dual-energy CR conducted at three institutions: Philips Medical systems, the University of Wisconsin, and Duke University.

关键词： Algorithm development Tissues Image processing Bone Point spread functions Denoising Detection and tracking algorithms Radiography Sensors Chromium

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RECONSTRUCTION OF MR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGES USING FINITE-ELEMENTS AND SPATIAL DOMAIN PRIORS

RECONSTRUCTION OF MR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGES USING FINITE-ELEME...

引用

conference on Image processing

作者： STOKELY, EM GUNTER, WB TWIEG, DB UNIV ALABAMA DEPT BIOMED ENGNBIRMINGHAMAL 35294

ISBN: (纸本)081941462X

This paper describes a method for reconstructing images in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using finite element methods and incorporating a priori information into the image reconstruction using a model. The reconstructed image is modeled as a projection of the desired metabolic intensity function onto a set of basis functions. For a general set of basis functions that span the reconstruction space, this problem is shown to result in a set of linear equations. For non- orthogonal basis functions, a singular value decomposition (SVD) technique can be used to obtain a least-squares estimate of the unknown coefficients. Polynomial basis functions with a large rectangular support region were tested and shown to lack the local control necessary to sufficiently resolve some important clinical features of interest (e.g., transmural myocardial infarction). Bilinear finite elements were selected for this problem because they are a basis set with very local support. Various sized finite elements were tested with simulated and phantom myocardium data similar to those that might be obtained from a gated phosphocreatine MRSI patient study. The conclusions of this investigation were: a) finite elements can give the desired local control to resolve clinically relevant lesions such as (simulated) transmural myocardial infarction, b) finite elements are robust in the presence of k-space additive Gaussian noise, and c)editing of the singular values was shown to be important to achieve optimum results. Remaining difficulties with the method include (a) O(N3) SVD computational complexity as the finite elements are made smaller, and (b) 'blockiness' in the reconstructed image due to the regular rectangular nature of elements.

关键词： Spectroscopy Fourier transforms Image processing Imaging spectroscopy Magnetic resonance imaging Image restoration Reconstruction algorithms Computer simulations Data modeling Model-based design

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PARADIGM FOR LOGICAL DATA INTEGRATION OF PACS AND HIS

PARADIGM FOR LOGICAL DATA INTEGRATION OF PACS AND HIS

引用

conference on PACS: Design and Evaluation

作者： SULL, W KABUKA, MR UNIV MIAMI CTR MED IMAGING & MED INFORMATCORAL GABLESFL 33124

ISBN: (纸本)0819414603

Currently, most medical information is scattered across diverse independent information systems, such as Hospital information System (HIS), Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), and other medical databases, with varying degree of interconnectivity and data integration. In this environment, our objective is to collate text data, mostly in HIS, with relevant image data, mostly in PACS, transparently from different local sources and have them as a logically integrated whole. Even though there has been much research on designing PACS DBs and discussing issues of data integration, very few have addressed the dynamic nature of data integration in the context of medical informatics. With various reasons including security, it is desirable for a user to be able to create an integrated view based on data semantics, given data range, and security classification. In addition, the integrity of the integrated view should be maintained even with the local schema changes. In order to accomplish these capabilities, generic tools which can perform semi-automated integration of information have to be developed. In this paper, we will discuss the technical background regarding data integration of different local PACS DBs and HIS. Also, based on the integrated-view (or schema), several aspects of query processing are discussed.

关键词： Picture Archiving and Communication System Data modeling Databases Data integration Medical imaging information fusion Diagnostics Composites Image retrieval Chemical elements

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Lossless acceleration for correlation-based nearest-neighbor pattern recognition

Lossless acceleration for correlation-based nearest-neighbor...

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International conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： H. Avi-Itzhak T. Diep Canon Research Center America Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Information Systems Laboratory University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

This paper presents four lossless acceleration algorithms for a special type of nearest-neighbor pattern recognition whereby correlation functions are used. The algorithms are called template stopping, template ordering, pixel stopping, and pixel ordering. All four algorithms may be used either independently or simultaneously to accelerate the nearest-neighbor search without incurring any loss to accuracy. To illustrate their usefulness, all four algorithms are demonstrated on an optical character recognition system.

关键词： Acceleration Pattern recognition Nearest neighbor searches Frequency optical losses optical character recognition software Character recognition Euclidean distance Statistics information systems

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Pipelined microprocessor-based architecture: on-the-fly processing

Pipelined microprocessor-based architecture: on-the-fly proc...

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International conference on Massively Parallel Computing systems

作者： A. Bellaachia S.Y. Berkovich A.M. Meltzer Z. Kitov Department of Computer Science Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of EE & CS George Washington University Washington D.C. DC USA

This paper presents a new pipelined microprocessor-based architecture (PMA) using On-The Fly processing. The effectiveness of the PMA has been investigated for several applications such as database operations and very large databases using WORM (Write-Once-Read-Many) optical disk technology. In this paper, a pipelined information retrieval algorithm and a pipelined join algorithm are presented and their complexities are analyzed. Extensive simulations of these algorithms have been conducted on an emulated PMA on an AT&T parallel machine. Parallel implementations of these algorithms have been also considered for comparison purposes.< >

关键词： Pipelines Parallel machines Microprocessors Application software Switches Databases Computer security information retrieval optical filters Performance analysis

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