The inherent ambiguities in recovering 3-D motion information from a single optical flow field are studied using a statistical model. These ambiguities are quantified using the Cramer-Rao lower bound, which is a lower...
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The inherent ambiguities in recovering 3-D motion information from a single optical flow field are studied using a statistical model. These ambiguities are quantified using the Cramer-Rao lower bound, which is a lower bound for the error variances of motion parameter estimates. This performance bound is independent of the motion estimation algorithms, and can always be computed for any arbitrary 3-D motion of a rigid surface by inverting a 5*5 matrix. For the general motion of an arbitrary surface, it turns out that not every pixel gives information regarding 3-D motion estimation. It is shown that the aperture problem in computing the optical flow restricts the nontrivial information about the 3-D motion to a sparse set of pixels at which both components of the flow velocity are observable. Computer simulations are used to study the dependence of the inherent ambiguities on the underlying motion, the field of view, and the number of feature points for the motion in front of a nonplanar environment. It is shown that introducing a smoothness constraint by fitting local patches gives even lower bounds and thus is a justified technique for stabilizing the ill-posed motion estimation problem.< >
AOI (automatic optical inspection), a proven technology that has gained recognition as substantially improving the production yield of MCMs (multichip modules), is based on sophisticated image processing techniques us...
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AOI (automatic optical inspection), a proven technology that has gained recognition as substantially improving the production yield of MCMs (multichip modules), is based on sophisticated image processing techniques using advanced software algorithms with state-of-the-art hardware. AOI technology is described here with respect to detection methods, resolution, speed, versatility, and accuracy. Attention is also given to the benefits of AOI, including yield increase, long-term reliability, scrap savings, and process control.< >
An architecture and the algorithms for matrix multiplication using opticalflip-flops (OFFs) in optical processors are proposed based on residuearithmetic. The proposed system is capable of processing all elements ofma...
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An architecture and the algorithms for matrix multiplication using opticalflip-flops (OFFs) in optical processors are proposed based on residuearithmetic. The proposed system is capable of processing all elements ofmatrices in parallel utilizing the information retrieving ability of opticalFourier processors. The employment of OFFs enables bidirectional data flowleading to a simpler architecture and the burden of residue-to-decimal (orresidue-to-binary) conversion to operation time can be largely reduced byprocessing all elements in parallel. The calculated characteristics of operationtime suggest a promising use of the system in a real time 2-D lineartransform.
A wide range of modern informationprocessing applications that are not easily amenable to solution by conventional sequential processingalgorithms and machines or even by parallel multiprocessor architectures with a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1557520860
A wide range of modern informationprocessing applications that are not easily amenable to solution by conventional sequential processingalgorithms and machines or even by parallel multiprocessor architectures with a limited degree of interconnection capability are identified. The potential of opticalinformationprocessing and computing systems for these applications is discussed, focusing on the need to develop the necessary components. A number of recent advances in advanced integrated optical signal processors, photorefractive volume holographic optical elements, and optical disks used as reconfigurable spatial light modulators are examined.
A review of spatial light modulator (SLM) technologies is presented, including the description and performance parameters of the principal devices and their main applications for opticalinformationprocessing. The va...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818619112
A review of spatial light modulator (SLM) technologies is presented, including the description and performance parameters of the principal devices and their main applications for opticalinformationprocessing. The various performance tradeoffs and their impact on emerging technologies and future trends of spatial light modulators are discussed. Three recently introduced SLM devices are briefly described: a multiple-quantum-well-based CCD (charge-coupled-device)-addressed SLM;a silicon PLZT SLM;and a deformable-surface SLM.
Analog optical modules must be part of a larger signal-processing system, and it is difficult to pass information from an optical module operating near maximum throughput to the other parts of a signal-processing syst...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818619112
Analog optical modules must be part of a larger signal-processing system, and it is difficult to pass information from an optical module operating near maximum throughput to the other parts of a signal-processing system. The basis for this difficulty is often thought to be the high bandwidth and large number of channels of the optical module, but more quantitatively, optical modules do not yet have the capability to perform nonlinear operations on partially processed data that would greatly reduce the module output rates. Moreover, they require additional processing for equalization of channel response rather than for representation of useful information. Recent work carried out to address the interface difficulty is reported. One avenue is the use of additional opticalprocessing operations at the output of existing optical-processing modules. Another avenue is to reduce precision requirements by using various adaptive learning techniques inherent in some parallel models of computation. A third effort involves development of 2-D, three-terminal, spatial light modulator devices that can provide the needed nonlinear transfer functions, the capability to cascade optical-processing operations, and throughputs greater than those attainable with all-electronic approaches.
The proceedings contains 196 papers. The following topics are dealt with: photovoltaic energy systems;static power converters;power electronics, monitoring;hydro-power systems;wind energy systems;materials;modeling;po...
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The proceedings contains 196 papers. The following topics are dealt with: photovoltaic energy systems;static power converters;power electronics, monitoring;hydro-power systems;wind energy systems;materials;modeling;power systems;kinetic-electronic systems;digital signal processing theory and algorithms;adaptive and array processing;speech analysis, synthesis, and coding;speech recognition;applications of digital signal processing;image analysis and coding;VLSI and its industrial applications;microwave solid-state circuits;image filtering, recognition, classification, and recovering;communication elements and control;frequency hopping and spread spectrum;developments in switching systems;transmission and reception theory and systems;industrial applications of computer-aided design;satellite communications and antennas;radiocommunications and spread spectrum;communication circuits;optical communications and devices;communication systems;computer networks;microwave and millimeter-wave circuits and systems;university-industry interactions;information technology education;and curriculum development.
Thick holograms for the infrared based on dichromated gelatin have been studied. Since these holograms are recorded in the blue wavelength region, detuning techniques are necessary for replay with diode lasers. Beam-s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818619112
Thick holograms for the infrared based on dichromated gelatin have been studied. Since these holograms are recorded in the blue wavelength region, detuning techniques are necessary for replay with diode lasers. Beam-splitting and beam-combination devices have also been investigated. Beamsplitters with low splitting ratios are needed for the implementation of symbolic substitution. Beamsplitters with high splitting ratios are needed as array generators for power supply of two-dimensional arrays of optical logic gates.
Analog optical modules must be part of a larger signal-processing system, and it is difficult to pass information from an optical module operating near maximum throughput to the other parts of a signal-processing syst...
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Analog optical modules must be part of a larger signal-processing system, and it is difficult to pass information from an optical module operating near maximum throughput to the other parts of a signal-processing system. The basis for this difficulty is often thought to be the high bandwidth and large number of channels of the optical module, but more quantitatively, optical modules do not yet have the capability to perform nonlinear operations on partially processed data that would greatly reduce the module output rates. Moreover, they require additional processing for equalization of channel response rather than for representation of useful information, and this processing is often left to the digital postprocessor. Recent work carried out to address the interface difficulty is reported. One avenue is the use of additional opticalprocessing operations at the output of existing optical-processing modules, such as data compression adaptive data thresholding, and various multiplexed readout schemes. Another avenue is to reduce precision requirements by using various adaptive learning techniques inherent in some parallel models of computation, such as neural-net models. A third effort involves development of 2-D, three-terminal, spatial light modulator devices that can provide the needed nonlinear transfer functions, the capability to cascade optical-processing operations, and throughputs greater than those attainable with all-electronic approaches.< >
It is argued that those areas of data engineering research which are based on the assumption that communication bandwidth is a constraint, should be investigated. Some additional distributed database issues that requi...
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It is argued that those areas of data engineering research which are based on the assumption that communication bandwidth is a constraint, should be investigated. Some additional distributed database issues that require reinvestigation include concurrency control, network partitioning, backup storage and recovery algorithms. With the availability of increased bandwidth, global flooding of information can result in lower processing times than conventional approaches. Hence, broadcast-based solutions which continuously inform the various sites of the system status and data modifications need to be reconsidered. Novel transmission rates also invalidate old assumptions.< >
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