The conference proceedings contains 38 papers reflecting significant world-wide activities in the field of non-contact probes with electron and laser beams for integrated circuit testing. Detectors for quantitative vo...
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The conference proceedings contains 38 papers reflecting significant world-wide activities in the field of non-contact probes with electron and laser beams for integrated circuit testing. Detectors for quantitative voltage contrast on submicron devices;electron optical co9lumns;signal and image processing;digital electron beam testing;CAD/CAE/CAT integrated systems;new commercial equipments for VLSI circuit testing;applications of laser probes;and electron beam irradiation effects are the topics covered. All papers are separately indexed and abstracted. produced by Engineering information, Inc.
In a recent paper, Eichmann and Caulfield1 presented a preliminary exposition of optical learning machines suited for use in expert systems. In this paper, we extend the previous ideas by introducing learning as a mea...
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In a recent paper, Eichmann and Caulfield1 presented a preliminary exposition of optical learning machines suited for use in expert systems. In this paper, we extend the previous ideas by introducing learning as a means of reinforcement by information gathering and reasoning with uncertainty in a non-Bayesian framework2. More specifically, the non-Bayesian approach allows the representation of total ignorance (not knowing) as opposed to assuming equally likely prior distributions. The expert system framework decision aid learning scheme introduced in this paper consists of a perceptual reasoning machine. Current information derived from knowledge sources are collected and processed in a "gather/assess" module whose evidence functions and algorithms generate beliefs and hypothesis about the observations. The output of the gather/assess module is split between evidence interpretation and feedback to an "anticipate/plan" module which contains learning algorithms and knowledge bases in memory acquired from prior domain knowledge and learning updates from the gather/assess module. The output of the anticipate/plan module in turn drives the gather/assess module closing the feedback loop. The information derived from the anticipate/plan module consists of most likely associations among the anticipated and current functionals of the observations and the next best plans. The next best plans aid the selection of the knowledge sources while the most likely associations aid the selection of the support in evidential reasoning within the frame of discernment of the observations. This completes the "perceptual reasoning cycle" which is a form of learning by reinforcement. optical associative memory is utilized for the anticipation and planning knowledge bases and optical computing is used for evidential reasoning (part of the inference engine), based on Dempster/Shafer theory3, which handles the management of the uncertainty among the knowledge sources. optical computing architec
This paper describes an approach to collision avoidance for rotorcraft flying at low altitudes. The method is based on extracting information from passive image-based sensors. These methods can be used to alert a pilo...
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This paper describes an approach to collision avoidance for rotorcraft flying at low altitudes. The method is based on extracting information from passive image-based sensors. These methods can be used to alert a pilot about obstacles and provide inputs to navigation and guidance systems for further processing.
In the past decade, vision/sensing systems techniques have received significant attention for applications in robotics and automation. The thrust of automation and robotics for space applications has been proposed for...
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In the past decade, vision/sensing systems techniques have received significant attention for applications in robotics and automation. The thrust of automation and robotics for space applications has been proposed for increased productivity, improved reliability, increased flexibility, higher safety, and for the performance of tasks unsuited to humans. These benefits can be insured through automating time-consuming tasks, increasing productivity/performance of crew-accomplished tasks, and performing tasks beyond the capability of the crew. This paper provides a review of efforts currently in progress at the NASA/Johnson Space Center and at Rice University, the accomplishments to date, and some of the anticipated future developments. Both systems and algorithms are discussed. The evolution of future vision/sensing is projected to include the fusion of multisensors ranging from microwave to optical with multimode capability to include position, attitude, recognition, and motion parameters. The algorithms for information extraction would incorporate aspects of intelligence and knowledge for the interpolation and extrapolation of the needed data. The key features of the overall system design will be small size and weight, fast signal processing, robust algorithms, and accurate parameter determination. These aspects of vision sensing will also be discussed in this paper.
Image processing techniques (and papers describing them) have evolved rapidly in recent years. Lately, publications in image processing have underscored advances in compression, restoration, and enhancement of gray le...
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Image processing techniques (and papers describing them) have evolved rapidly in recent years. Lately, publications in image processing have underscored advances in compression, restoration, and enhancement of gray level and color coded image information using dedicated pipeline processing and systolic array architectures. These new algorithms and specialized hardware have been developed and applied to such real-time tasks as automated testors on manufacturing lines and robotic vehicle guidance systems. Often overlooked is the part of binary image processing. A review of binary processing techniques is valuable in understanding the the basic operating principles of high-speed optical inspection devices in particular and many pipeline array processing devices in general. The class of binary image transforms covered here was originally developed for topological operations on threshold image data. These non-linear operations are based on boolean transformations of a pixel and its eight adjacent neighbors (in a discrete Cartesian plane) and are named morphological transforms by authors. A straightforward way to visualize such transforms is outlined in the paper and will be demonstrated at the conference. The demonstration program package was written using the IBM Personal Computer BASI language and was presented as an educational tool in a graduate level course in image processing. The skeletal program included in the text was enhanced to allow real-time demonstration of these transform techniques and encourages readers to experiment and develop their own lookup tables and image transforms. Understanding the function and generation of these lookup tables, which can provide any arbitrary boolean combination of the nine binary values available from a pixel and its eight Cartesian neighbors, is the key to grasping the image-transforms illustrated here. Examples in the paper and presentation give the reader an idea of the power and flexibility these transforms provide in im
This paper deals with a neural network model in which each neuron performs a threshold logic function. An important property of the model is that it always converges to a stable state when operating in a serial mode [...
This paper deals with a neural network model in which each neuron performs a threshold logic function. An important property of the model is that it always converges to a stable state when operating in a serial mode [2,5]. This property is the basis of the potential applications of the model such as associative memory devices and combinatorial optimization [3,6].One of the motivations for use of the model for solving hard combinatorial problems is the fact that it can be implemented by optical devices and thus operate at a higher speed than conventional *** main theme in this work is to investigate the power of the model for solving NP-hard problems [4,8], and to understand the relation between speed of operation and the size of a neural network. In particular, it will be shown that for any NP-hard problem the existence of a polynomial size network that solves it implies that NP=co-NP. Also, for Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), even a polynomial size network that gets an ε-approximate solution does not exist unless P=*** above results are of great practical interest, because right now it is possible to build neural networks which will operate fast but are limited in the number of neurons.
The following overview is not intended to be a complete list of all available transducer hardware but rather a recap of off-the-shelf, non-exotic and proven ways of obtaining position information in incremental motion...
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The following overview is not intended to be a complete list of all available transducer hardware but rather a recap of off-the-shelf, non-exotic and proven ways of obtaining position information in incremental motion systems. Contacting transducers, such as potentiometers were omitted, as well as strictly digital tranducers where position information is only available at discrete increments. All listed transducers will yield essentially infinite resolution, with or without signal processing. In case of the magnetic and optical devices the position information is directly available as an output. The outputs of the units with AC excitation have to be demodulated in order to be useful as input to the servo electronics.
The application of short wavelength helium cadmium lasers to printing and informationprocessing is discussed. Features of these lasers which make them useful in high resolution systems are examined. Recent technical ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0892526459
The application of short wavelength helium cadmium lasers to printing and informationprocessing is discussed. Features of these lasers which make them useful in high resolution systems are examined. Recent technical improvements in stability and noise control are noted. The advent of hard seal tube technology to this laser type is also noted. The rapid emergence of semiconductor diode lasers as viable sources is discussed and the problems relating to the incorporation of diode lasers into systems are addressed. A new turnkey cw diode laser system is reviewed and its applicability to R&D and prototype use is pointed out. Custom laser diode drivers (LDD's) are mentioned and a specific example given. A laser stabilization accessory designed for extreme power stability and noise reduction is described.
Over the past few years there has been a rapid development in the use of optical techniques for communication and informationprocessing. Most successful of these has been fibre-optics technology, now increasingly pen...
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Over the past few years there has been a rapid development in the use of optical techniques for communication and informationprocessing. Most successful of these has been fibre-optics technology, now increasingly penetrating communications networks through-out the world. Other optics based technologies, currently being developed include:
(i) acousto-optic devices (often in an integrated planar-waveguide format), for radar applications, etc.;
(ii) Fourier optics techniques for image enhancement, etc., and (iii) nonlinear convolution or correlation systems, for pattern recognition, etc. These latter techniques all rely upon an analogue processing approach.
The authors propose to implement systolic sampled-data lattice processors optically by means of linear integrated optics arrays of coupled-wave devices such as switched directional couplers and TE-TM mode converters, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0892525525
The authors propose to implement systolic sampled-data lattice processors optically by means of linear integrated optics arrays of coupled-wave devices such as switched directional couplers and TE-TM mode converters, and indicate some potential signal processing applications such as discrete time and analog frequency filtering and optical pulse compression.
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