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Design of the first optical system for real-time tomographic holography (RTTH)

Design of the first optical system for real-time tomographic...

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11th conference on Novel optical systems Design and Optimization

作者： Galeotti, John M. Siegel, Mel Rallison, Richard D. Stetten, George Carnegie Mellon Univ Inst Robot Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Wasatch Photon Logan UT 84321 USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Bioengn Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472816

The design of the first Real-Time-Tomographic-Holography (RTTH) optical system for augmented-reality applications is presented. RTTH places a viewpoint-independent real-time (RT) virtual image (vi) of an object into its actual location, enabling natural hand-eye coordination to guide invasive procedures, without requiring tracking or a head-mounted device. The vi is viewed through a narrow-band Holographic optical Element (HOE) with built-in power that generates the largest possible near-field, in-situ vi from a small display chip without noticeable parallax error or obscuring direct view of the physical world. Rigidly fixed upon a medical-ultrasound probe, RTTH could show the scan in its actual location inside the patient, because the vi would move with the probe. We designed the image source along with the system-optics, allowing us to ignore both planer geometric distortions and field curvature, respectively compensated by using RT pre-processing software and attaching a, custom-surfaced fiber-optic-faceplate (FOFP) to our image source. Focus in our fast, non-axial system was achieved by placing correcting lenses near the FOFP and custom-optically-fabricating our volume-phase HOE using a recording beam that was specially shape by extra lenses. By simultaneously simulating and optimizing the system's playback performance across variations in both the total playback and HOE-recording optical systems, we derived and built a design that projects a 104x112 mm planar vi 1 m from the HOE using a, laser-illuminated 19x16 mm LCD+FOFP image-source. The vi appeared fixed in space and well focused. viewpoint-induced location errors were <3 mm, and unexpected first-order astigmatism produced 3 cm (3% of 1 in) ambiguity in depth, typically unnoticed by human observers.

关键词： RTTH RTTR HOE AR holographic optical element augmented reality display virtual image in situ tomographic

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Submarine imaging systems - developing improved capabilities and technologies

Submarine imaging systems - developing improved capabilities...

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conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense vi

作者： Duryea, David M. Lindstrom, Carl E. Sayegh, Riad Naval Sea Syst Command 133 Isaac Hull AveBldg 201Washington Navy Yard Washington DC 20376 USA Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport RI 02841 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471345

The US Navy Submarine Imaging and Electronic Warfare Program Office, NAVSEA PMS435, is constantly pursuing new technologies and enhanced capabilities in order to allow the submarine to meet quick reaction mission requirements, anticipated future threats and to provide for improved overall situational awareness. This presentation provides a status of where PMS435 stands in regard to the development of these technologies and provides an opportunity to share ideas so they might be more effectively developed by leveraging information and other resources available in other government agencies, commercial partners and academia.

关键词： video processing image processing panoramic imaging optical materials

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Effects of ocular optical aberrations on non-overlapped Image filtering

Effects of ocular optical aberrations on non-overlapped Imag...

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ICCC 2008 - IEEE 6th International conference on Computational Cybernetics

作者： Reskó, B. Antal, Ákos Baranyi, P. Budapest Tech. Regional Education and Innovation Center Budapest Hungary Budapest University of Technology and Economics Dept. of Mechatronics Optics and Instr. Tech. Budapest Hungary Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781424428755

Recent results in retinal research have shown that ganglion cell receptive fields cover the mammalian retina in a mosaic arrangement, with insignificant amounts of overlap in the central fovea. This finding implies that from the informatics point of view there is a major conceptual gap between traditional and widely accepted, convolution based image filtering algorithms, and the way visual information is processed by the retina in the eye. The use of traditional filters with non-overlapping operator architectures leads to considerable information losses between centers of filter kernels. This paper introduces a novel model of the eye-retina system that fills the conceptual gap of information processing between the retina and the overlapping (convolution based) architectures used by todays widely adapted algorithms. The proposed computational model takes into consideration data convergence, as well as the dynamic and optical properties of the eye lens. Based on the evaluation of the model, three hypotheses are formulated on the role of the optical precision of the eye-lens and involuntary eye accommodation dynamics. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Convolution

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Next generation enhanced vision system processing

Next generation enhanced vision system processing

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conference on Enhanced and Synthetic vision 2008

作者： Bernhardt, M. Cowell, C. Riley, T. Waterfall Solut Ltd Guildford GU2 9JX Surrey England

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471482

The use of multiple, high sensitivity sensors can be usefully exploited within military airborne enhanced vision systems (EVS) to provide enhanced situational awareness. To realise such benefits, the imagery from the discrete sensors must be accurately combined and enhanced prior to image presentation to the aircrew. Furthermore, great care must be taken to not introduce artefacts or false information through the image processing routines. This paper outlines developments made to a specific system that uses three collocated low light level cameras. As well as seamlessly merging the individual images, sophisticated processing techniques are used to enhance image quality as well as to remove optical and sensor artefacts such as vignetting and CCD charge smear. The techniques have been designed and tested to be robust across a wide range of scenarios and lighting conditions, and the results presented here highlight the increased performance of the new algorithms over standard EVS image processing techniques.

关键词： image processing EVS artefact removal CCD smear removal vignetting noise reduction local area contrast enhancement automated contrast enhancement

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A novel approach to automatic threat detection in MMW imagery of people scanned in portals

A novel approach to automatic threat detection in MMW imager...

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conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XI

作者： Vaidya, Nitin A. Williams, Thomas Millivis Technol S Deerfield MA 01373 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471390

We have developed a novel approach to performing automatic detection of concealed threat objects in passive MMW imagery of people scanned in a portal setting. It is applicable to the significant class of imaging scanners that use the protocol of having the subject rotate in front of the camera in order to image them from several closely spaced directions. Customary methods of dealing with MMW sequences rely on the analysis of the spatial images in a frame-by-frame manner, with information extracted from separate frames combined by some subsequent technique of data association and tracking over time. We contend that the pooling of information over time in traditional methods is not as direct as can be and potentially less efficient in distinguishing threats from clutter. We have formulated a more direct approach to extracting information about the scene as it evolves over time. We propose an atypical spatio-temporal arrangement of the MMW image data - to which we give the descriptive name Row Evolution Image (REI) sequence. This representation exploits the singular aspect of having the subject rotate in front of the camera. We point out which features in REIs are most relevant to detecting threats, and describe the algorithms we have developed to extract them. We demonstrate results of successful automatic detection of threats, including ones whose faint image contrast renders their disambiguation from clutter very challenging. We highlight the ease afforded by the REI approach in permitting specialization of the detection algorithms to different parts of the subject body. Finally, we describe the execution efficiency advantages of our approach, given its natural fit to parallel processing.

关键词： Extremely high frequency Cameras Imaging systems Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms Feature extraction Algorithm development optical filters Parallel processing Scanners

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A distributed Automatic Target Recognition system using multiple low resolution sensors

A distributed Automatic Target Recognition system using mult...

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conference on Signal processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XviI

作者： Yue, Zhanfeng Narasimha, Pramod Lakshmi Topiwala, Pankaj FastVDO Inc Columbia MD 21044 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471598

In this paper, we propose a multi-agent system which uses swarming techniques to perform high accuracy Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) in a distributed manner. The proposed system can co-operatively share the information from low-resolution images of different looks and use this information to perform high accuracy ATR. An advanced, multiple-agent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems-based approach is proposed which integrates the processing capabilities, combines detection reporting with live video exchange, and swarm behavior modalities that dramatically surpass individual sensor system performance levels. We employ real-time block-based motion analysis and compensation scheme for efficient estimation and correction of camera jitter, global motion of the camera/scene and the effects of atmospheric turbulence. Our optimized Partition Weighted Sum (PWS) approach requires only bitshifts and additions, yet achieves a stunning 16X pixel resolution enhancement, which is moreover parallizable. We develop advanced, adaptive particle-filtering based algorithms to robustly track multiple mobile targets by adaptively changing the appearance model of the selected targets. The collaborative ATR system utilizes the homographies between the sensors induced by the ground plane to overlap the local observation with the received images from other UAVs. The motion of the UAVs distorts estimated homography frame to frame. A robust dynamic homography estimation algorithm is proposed to address this, by using the homography decomposition and the ground plane surface estimation.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles Automatic target recognition Sensors Detection and tracking algorithms video Cameras Lawrencium video processing Super resolution optical resolution

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DIAR: Advances in degradation modeling and processing

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5th International conference on Image Analysis and Recognition

作者： Cheriet, Mohamed Moghaddam, Reza Farrahi Ecole Technol Super Synchromedia Lab Multimedia Commun Telepresence Montreal PQ H3C 1K3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540698111

State-of-the-art OCR/ICR algorithms and software are the result of large-scale experiments on the accuracy of OCR systems and proper selection of the size and distribution of training sets. The key factor in improving OCR technology is the degradation models. While it is a leading-edge tool for processing conventional printed materials, the degradation model now faces additional challenges as a result of the appearance in recent years of new imaging media, new definitions of text information, and the need to process low quality document images. In addition to discussing these challenges in this paper, we present well-developed degradation models and suggest some directions for further study. Particular attention is paid to restoration and enhancement of degraded single-sided or multi-sided document images which suffer from bleed-through or shadow-through.

关键词： optical character recognition

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A robust real-time object detection and tracking system

A robust real-time object detection and tracking system

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conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser systems Technologies XXII

作者： Yue, Zhanfeng Narasimha, Pramod Lakshmi Topiwala, Pankaj FastVDO Inc Columbia MD 21044 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471628

We propose a real-time vehicle detection and tracking system from an electro-optical (EO) surveillance camera. Real-time object detection remains a challenging computer vision problem in uncontrolled environments. The state-of-the-art adaboosting technique [2] is used to serve as a robust object detector. In addition to the generally-used Haar features, we propose to include comer features to improve the detection performance of the vehicles. Having the object of interest detected, we use the detection results to initialize the object tracking module. We propose an advanced, adaptive particle-filtering based algorithm to robustly track the moving target by adaptively changing the appearance model of the target. We use the affine transformation to describe the motion of the object across frames. By drawing multiple particles on the transformation parameters, our approach provides high performance while facilitating implementation of this algorithm in hardware with parallel processing capability. In order to resume from the lost track case, which may result from the object's out of boundary or being occluded, we utilize the prior information (height-to-width ratio) and the temporal information of the object to estimate if the tracking is reliable. Object detectors will be evoked at the frames which fail in tracking the objects reliably. We also check for occlusion by comparing hue values within the rectangular region for the current frame against that of the previous frame. Detection is re-initialized for the next frame if an occlusion is claimed for the current frame. The system works very well in terms of speed and performance for the real surveillance video.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms video Sensors Feature extraction Particles Surveillance information visualization Solids visualization Electro optical modeling

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Comparison of two algorithms in the automatic segmentation of blood vessels in fundus images - art. no. 69153H

Comparison of two algorithms in the automatic segmentation o...

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Medical Imaging 2008 conference

作者： LeAnder, Robert Chowdary, Myneni Sushma Mokkapati, Swapnasri Umbaugh, Scott E. So Illinois Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Edwardsville IL 62026 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819470997

Effective timing and treatment are critical to saving the sight of patients with diabetes. Lack of screening, as well as a shortage of ophthalmologists, help contribute to approximately 8,000 cases per year of people who lose their sight to diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of new cases of blindness [1] [2]. Timely treatment for diabetic retinopathy-prevents severe vision loss in over 50% of eyes tested [1]. Fundus images can provide information for detecting and monitoring eye-related diseases, like diabetic retinopathy, which if detected early, may help prevent vision loss. Damaged blood vessels can indicate the presence of diabetic retinopathy [9]. So, early detection of damaged vessels in retinal images can provide valuable information about the presence-of disease, thereby helping to prevent vision loss. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two blood vessel segmentation algorithms. Methods: Fifteen fundus images from the STARE database were used to develop two algorithms using the CviPtools software environment. Another set of fifteen images were derived from the first fifteen and contained ophthalmologists' hand-drawn tracings over the retinal vessels. The ophthalmologists' tracings were used, as the "gold standard" for perfect segmentation and compared with the segmented images that were output by the two algorithms. Comparisons between the segmented and the hand-drawn images were made using Pratt's Figure of Merit (FOM), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Root Mean Square (RMS) Error. Results: Algorithm 2 has an FOM that is 10% higher than Algorithm 1. Algorithm 2 has a 6%-higher SNR than Algorithm 1. Algorithm 2 has only 1.3% more RMS error than Algorithm 1. Conclusions: Algorithm I extracted most of the blood vessels with some missing intersections and bifurcations. Algorithm 2 extracted all the major blood vessels, but eradicated some vessels as well. Algorithm 2 outperformed Algorithm I in terms of visual clarity, FOM

关键词： Image segmentation Signal to noise ratio Blood vessels Image processing algorithms and systems Detection and tracking algorithms Binary data Image filtering Edge detection Databases Hough transforms

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Recognition of the basic terrain features based on CD-TIN of contour lines

Recognition of the basic terrain features based on CD-TIN of...

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International conference on Earth Observation Data processing and Analysis, ICEODPA

作者： Hu, Ruipeng Wang, Gang Shao, Ming Computer and Information Engineering Department Wuhan Polytechnic University 430023 China School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan University 430079 China School of Business and Management Donghua University 200051 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819475459

This paper first synthetically analyzes three classical algorithms of constructing Delaunay Triangulation Irregular Net (DTIN), then uses improved convex hull algorithm to construct non-constrained D-TIN. The non-constrained D-TIN may cause some Delaunay triangles which span contour lines, so these Delaunay triangles must be dealt with. Then the local adjusting algorithm based on diagonals changing of the impacted region is used to embed contour lines into D-TIN as constrained segments and ultimately construct constrained D-TIN (CD-TIN). After constructing CD-TIN which supports the spatial data mining, it is easy to compute normal vectors of Delaunay triangles in the CD-TIN, and then get their gradient values. By means of the relationship of gradient values and terrain features, flats and mountain regions can be distinguished from topographic map based on contour lines. Even the terrain features such as mountain peak can be also recognized in the recognized mountain regions primarily by Flat-Triangle whose three vertexes have the same digital elevation. © 2008 SPIE.

关键词： Geographic information systems

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