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Analytical solution of Wassermann - Wolf differential equations for optical system aplanatism - art. no. 625213

Analytical solution of Wassermann - Wolf differential equati...

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International conference on Holography, optical Recording and processing of information

作者： Hristov, Boian A. Bulgarian Acad Sci Cent Lab Opt Storage & Proc Informat BU-1113 Sofia Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)0819463116

optical systems for data storage and processing of information have diffraction limited image quality. This requires an exact fulfillment of aplanatic conditions on the whole system aperture and usually leads to the introduction of two more adjacent aspherical surfaces. For exact definition of these aspheric surface shapes it is necessary to solve numerically a system of two first-order differential equations. For this purpose, one can use Runge-Kutta or Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithms or combination of them both. However, solutions often can not be found, particularly for systems with high and super high numerical aperture. If the solution is not found, it is not clear whether it exists or not and what is the reason for the lack of solution. We propose an analytical solution of Wassermann -Wolf differential equations for aplanatism that overcomes such disadvantages. We show that the solution of the system of two Wassermann -Wolf first-order differential equations is mathematically equivalent to the consecutive solution of a set of independent linear equations and the most important factor of the lack of solution is the critical angle of incidence of aperture rays at the two aspherical surfaces. The proposed algorithm allows reliable and effective design of aplanatic optical systems containing two neighboring aspherical surfaces with high and super high numerical aperture and diffraction limited image quality for an object at infinity. We illustrate the successful application of the algorithm to the design of blue DVD objective with super high (0.95) numerical aperture and diffraction limited image quality.

关键词： optical systems optical data storage optical design image quality aspherical lens

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Identification of missile guidance laws for missile warning systems applications. - art. no. 62360B

Identification of missile guidance laws for missile warning ...

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18th conference on Signal and Data processing of Small Targets

作者： Ralph, Jason F. Smith, Moira I. Heather, Jamie P. Univ Liverpool Dept Elect Engn & Elect Liverpool L69 3GJ Merseyside England

ISBN: (纸本)0819462926

The reliable detection and tracking of missile plumes in sequences of infrared images is a crucial factor in developing infrared missile warning systems for use in military and civil aircraft. This paper discusses the development of a set of algorithms that allow missile plumes to be detected, tracked and classified according to their perceived motion in the image plane. The aim is to classify the missile motion so as to provide an indication of the guidance law which is being used and, hence, to determine the type of missile that may be present and allow the appropriate countermeasures to be deployed. The algorithms allow for the motion of the host platform and they determine the missile motion relative to the fixed background provided by the scene. The tracks produced contain sufficient information to allow good discrimination between several standard missile types.

关键词： missile warning systems target tracking infrared image processing

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optical signal processing using mode-locked semiconductor laser diode

Optical signal processing using mode-locked semiconductor la...

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conference on Active and Passive optical Components for Communication vi

作者： Hashimoto, Y. Kuribayashi, R. Nakamura, S. Ogura, I. NEC Corp Ltd Syst Platforms Res Lab Nakahara Ku 1753 Shimonumbae Kawasaki Kanagawa 2118666 Japan NEC Corp Ltd Fundamental & Environm Res Lab Nakahara Ku 1753 Shimonumbae Kawasaki Kanagawa 2118666 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819464872

We investigated ultrafast optical signal processing schemes utilizing mode-locked semiconductor laser diodes (MLLDs) for optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) transmission at over 100 Gbit/s and developed a polarization-insensitive all-optical clock recovery scheme for an optical-electrical hybrid phase-locked loop (PLL) operating at 160 Gbit/s. In this scheme, the MLLD functions as a voltage-controlled oscillator to which the error signal is fed back by forming a closed loop with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) used as a phase comparator and with a low-frequency component used as a filter. Cross-gain modulation in the SOA enables high-frequency PLL operation at 160 Gbit/s. A bulk active layer in the SOA with small polarization dependency is the origin of the polarization insensitive clock extraction. Testing of all-optical clock extraction on an OTDM transmission test bed of 254-km field-installed fibers (Dojima-Keihanna, 63.5 km, and four spans) at 160 Gbit/s showed that the measured root-mean-square timing jitter of the recovered clock signal was as low as 240 fs. This clock extraction scheme is thus practical for use in OTDM systems operating at over 100 Gbit/s.

关键词： ultra-short light pulses mode-locked semiconductor laser diode mode locking clock extraction clock recovery nonlinear optical effects Injection locking optical phase-locked loop (PLL) all-optical signal processing OTDM transmission optical regeneration

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Modified algorithm for information acquisition from satellite images

Modified algorithm for information acquisition from satellit...

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conference on Electro-optical and Infrared systems - Technology and Applications III

作者： Talal, T. M. Dessouky, M. I. El-Sayed, A. Natl Author Remote Sensing & Space Sci Cairo Egypt Menoufia Univ Shibin Al Kawm Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9780819464934

Image preliminary processing (pre-processing) of remote sensing satellites is considered as a vital process for the received data. The received video data is converted into an easy understandable raster images and any distortions that results during the satellite manufacturing process or through data acquisition and transmission are eliminated. This paper proposes the pre-processing algorithms that should be performed to the received data from remotely sensing satellites with visible and Infra-Red (viR) sensors beginning from reception of data by antenna at the Ground Data Reception Station (GDRS) until delivery of level 1A product (radiometrically corrected image). Briefly, the received data should be processed in two levels;level 0 to produce the raw image, and level 1 to produce radiometrically and geometrically corrected image.

关键词： image pre-processing remote sensing level 0 level 1

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Recent results of Integrated Sensing and processing using a programmable hyperspectral imaging sensor.

Recent results of Integrated Sensing and Processing using a ...

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conference on optical Pattern Recognition XviI

作者： Muise, Robert Mahalanobis, Abhijit MFC Lockheed Martin 5600 Sand Lake Rd Orlando FL 32819 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463019

In this paper we present an information sensing system which integrates sensing and processing resulting in the direct collection of data which is relevant to the application. Broadly, integrated sensing and processing (ISP) considers algorithms that are integrated with the collection of data. That is, traditional sensor development tries to come up with the "best" sensor in terms of SNR, resolution, data rates, integration time, etc... and traditional algorithm development tasks might wish to optimize probability of detection, false alarm rate, class separability, etc... For a typical Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) problem, the goal of ISP is to field algorithms which "tell" the sensor what kind of data to collect next and the sensor alters its parameters to collect the "best" information in order that the algorithm performs optimally. We demonstrate an ISP system which utilizes a near Infrared (NIR) Hadamard multiplexing imaging sensor. This prototype sensor incorporates a digital mirror array (DMA) device in order to realize a Hadamard multiplexed imaging system. Specific Hadamard codes can be sent to the sensor to realize inner products of the underlying scene rather than the scene itself The developed ISP algorithm uses an ATR metric to send codes to the sensor in order to collect only the information 'relevant to the ATR problem. The result is a multiple resolution hyperspectral cube with full resolution where targets are present and less than full resolution where there are no targets. Essentially, this is compressed sensing.

关键词： Sensors Multiplexing Imaging systems Algorithm development Automatic target recognition Compressed sensing Hyperspectral imaging Mirrors Detector arrays Image resolution

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Performance of different reflectance and diffuse optical imaging tomographic approaches in fluorescence molecular imaging of small animals

Performance of different reflectance and diffuse optical ima...

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Medical Imaging 2006 conference

作者： Dinten, Jean-Marc Petie, Philippe da Silva, Anabela Boutet, Jerome Koenig, Anne Herve, Lionel Berger, Michel Laidevant, Aurelie Rizo, Philippe CEA LETI Div Micro Technol Biol & Hlth Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)0819461857

optical imaging of fluorescent robes is an essential tool for investigation of molecular events in small animals for drug developments. In order to get localization and quantification information of fluorescent labels, CEA-LETI has developed efficient approaches in classical reflectance imaging as well as in diffuse optical tomographic imaging with continuous and temporal signals. This paper presents an overview of the different approaches investigated and their performances. High quality fluorescence reflectance imaging is obtained thanks to the development of an original "multiple wavelengths" system. The uniformity of the excitation light surface area is better than 15%. Combined with the use of adapted fluorescent probes, this system enables an accurate detection of pathological tissues, such as nodules, beneath the animal's observed area. Performances for the detection of ovarian nodules on a nude mouse are shown. In order to investigate deeper inside animals and get 3D localization, diffuse optical tomography systems are being developed for both slab and cylindrical geometries. For these two geometries, our reconstruction algorithms are based on analytical expression of light diffusion. Thanks to an accurate introduction of light/matter interaction process in the algorithms, high quality reconstructions of tumors in mice have been obtained. Reconstruction of lung tumors on mice are presented. By the use of temporal diffuse optical imaging, localization and quantification performances can be improved at the price of a more sophisticated acquisition system and more elaborate information processing methods. Such a system based on a pulsed laser diode and a time correlated single photon counting system has been set up. Performances of this system for localization and quantification of fluorescent probes are presented.

关键词： Luminescence Reflectivity Imaging systems Tissues Diffuse optical imaging Liquids Tomography Reconstruction algorithms Diffusion Fluorescent markers

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An intelligent PSO-based control algorithm for adaptive compensation polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber communication systems

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13th International conference on Neural informational processing

作者： Zhang, Xiaoguang Xi, Lixia Duan, Gaoyan Yu, Li Yu, Zhongyuan Yang, Bojun Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Dept Phys Beijing 100876 Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Opt Commun & Lightwave Technol Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)3540464816

In high bit rate optical fiber communication systems, Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the main factors to signal distortion and needs to be compensated. Because PMD possesses the time-varying and the statistical properties, to establish an effective control algorithm for adaptive or automatic PMD compensation is a challenging task. Widely used control algorithms are the gradient-based peak search methods, whose main drawbacks are easy being locked into local sub-optima for compensation and no ability to resist noise. In this paper, we introduce particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is an evolutionary approach, into automatic PMD compensation as feedback control algorithm. The experiment results showed that PSO-based control algorithm has unique features of rapid convergence to the global optimum without being trapped in local sub-optima and good robustness to noise in the transmission line that had never been achieved in PMD compensation before.

关键词： optical communication

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Address block features for image-based automated mail orientation

Address block features for image-based automated mail orient...

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conference on Document Recognition and Retrieval XIII

作者： Khan, M. Shahab Aradhye, Hrishikesh B. Cruz, Wayne T. SRI Int Machine Vis & Robot 333 Ravenswood Ave Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461075

When mixed mail enters a postal facility, it must first be faced and oriented so that the address is readable by automated mail processing machinery. Existing US Postal Service (USPS) automated systems face and orient domestic mail by searching for fluorescing stamps on each mail piece. However, misplaced or partially fluorescing postage causes a significant fraction of mail to be rejected. Previously, rejected mail had to be faced and oriented by hand, thus increasing mail processing cost and time. Our earlier work successfully demonstrated the utility of machine-vision-based extraction of postal delimiters-such as cancellation marks and barcodes-for camera-based mail facing and orientation. Arguably, of all the localized information sources on the envelope image, the destination address block is the richest in content and the most structured in its form and layout. This paper focuses exclusively on the destination address block image and describes new vision-based features that can be extracted and used for mail orientation. Our results on real USPS datasets indicate robust performance. The algorithms described herein will be deployed nationwide on USPS hardware in the near future.

关键词： Feature extraction Image processing Cameras Error analysis Image processing algorithms and systems Image segmentation optical character recognition Electronic imaging Machine vision Robotics

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Large area full-field optical Coherence Tomography

Large area full-field Optical Coherence Tomography

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International conference on Applications of Photonic Technology (Photonics North 2006)

作者： Chang, Shoude Sherif, Sherif Flueraru, Costel Natl Res Council Canada Opt Grp Inst Microstruct Sci 1200 Montreal Rd Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819464287

optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a fundamentally new type of optical imaging technology. OCT performs high resolution, cross-sectional tomographic imaging of the internal structure in materials and biological systems. The biomedical applications of the OCT imaging systems have been developed for diagnostics of ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry and cardiology. Most of existing OCT systems use point-scanning based technology, however, the 3-axis scanning makes the system slow and cumbersome. A few OCT systems working directly on 2D full-field images were reported, however, they are designed to work in a relatively small area, around couple of hundred microns square. In this paper, we present a design and implementation of a full-field OCT imaging system for acquiring tomography and with a working area around 15mm by 15mm. The problems rising from full-field OCT are addressed and analyzed. The algorithms to extract the tomography are proposed. Two applications of multilayer information retrieval and 3D object imaging using full-field OCT are described.

关键词： full-field optical tomography optical image processing phase-shift algorithm 3D imaging

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Contribution of data pre-processing to deconvolution of 3-D fluorescence microscopy images

Contribution of data pre-processing to deconvolution of 3-D ...

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conference on Biophotonics and New Therapy Frontiers

作者： De Meyer, Arnaud Colicchio, Bruno De Mey, Jan Jung, Georges Dieterlen, Alain Haeberle, Olivier Jacquey, Serge Univ Haute Alsace IUT Lab MIPS Grp LabEl 61Rue Albert Camus F-68093 Mulhouse France ESBS Parc Innovat IFR 85 UMR 7100 F-67412 Illkirch Graffenstaden France Ctr Hosp Mulhouse Lab Hematol F-68051 Mulhouse France

ISBN: (纸本)0819462470

3-D optical fluorescence microscopy is an efficient tool for volumic investigation of biological samples. Nevertheless the image acquired by this way is altered by the properties of the microscope, according to its Point Spread Function (PSF). The aim of deconvolution algorithms is the reassignment of defocused information. This method provides an improvement in data quality and the possibility to compare specimens acquired using different systems. But deconvolution requires making a compromise between the precision of the result and the stability of the process, since this stability is directly related to the noise level of the data. This noise can be of different types, mainly electronic noise due to the sensors but we also include in the term "noise" the variation of fluorescence during the acquisition. Numerous deconvolution algorithms exist, giving variable results according to specimen characteristics. For the cases where deconvolution is not enough to obtain usable data, we developed some pre-process treatments. These tools can be used separately or consecutively depending on the application needs and specimen requirements.

关键词： 3-D fluorescence microscopy point spread function data pre-processing deconvolution photobleaching

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