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synthetic aperture radar (SAR) geometric invariants: Experimental results

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3721卷 520-531页

作者： Velten, Vincent J. Air Force Research Lab Wright Patterson AFB United States

synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors have many advantages over electro-optical sensors (EO) for target recognition applications, such as range-independent resolution and superior poor weather performance. However, the relative unavailability of SAR data to the basic research community has retarded analysis of the fundamental invariant properties of SAR sensors relative to the extensive invariant literature for EO, and in particular photographic sensors. Prior work that was reported at this conference has developed the theory of SAR invariants based on the radar scattering center concept. This paper will give several examples of invariant configurations of SAR scatterers from measured SAR image data.

关键词： radar imaging

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Signature Predictions of Surface Targets Undergoing Turning Maneuvers in Spotlight synthetic aperture radar imagery 22

Signature Predictions of Surface Targets Undergoing Turning ...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery XXii

作者： Garren, David A. Naval Postgrad Sch Dept Elect & Comp Engn Monterey CA 93943 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415919

This paper investigates methodologies for predicting the smear signatures in broadside spotlight synthetic aperture radar imagery collections due to surface targets that are undergoing turning maneuvers. This analysis examines the case of broadside geometry wherein the radar moves with constant speed and heading on a level flight path. This investigation concentrates moving target smear issues that yield some defocus in the range direction, although much smaller in magnitude than the motion induced smearing in the radar cross-range direction. This paper focuses on the case of a target that executes a turning maneuver during the SAR collection interval. The SAR simulations are shown to give excellent agreement between the moving target signatures and the predicted shapes of the central contours.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar Low probability of intercept radar imaging radar theory

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Complex synthetic aperture radar data compression

Complex Synthetic Aperture Radar data compression

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery IX

作者： Cirillo, FR Poehler, PL Schwartz, DS Rais, H SAIC Melbourne FL 32935 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444774

Existing compression algorithms, primarily designed for visible electro-optical (EO) imagery, do not work well for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The best compression ratios achieved to date are less than 10:1 with minimal degradation to the phase data. Previously, phase data has been discarded with only magnitude data saved for analysis. Now that the importance of phase has been recognized for Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR), Coherent Change Detection (CCD), and polarimetry, requirements exist to preserve, transmit, and archive the both components. Bandwidth and storage limitations on existing and future platforms make compression of this data a top priority. This paper presents results obtained using a new compression algorithm designed specifically to compress SAR imagery, while preserving both magnitude and phase information at compression ratios of 20:1 and better.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar complex data compression

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Ultra-wideband SAR signature investigations based on electromagnetic models and measurements 2

Ultra-wideband SAR signature investigations based on electro...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery ii

作者： LEE, CF BINDER, BT MIT LINCOLN LABLEXINGTONMA 02173

ISBN: (纸本)0819418404

The performance of an electric field integral equation (EFIE) model is discussed in the context of target detection and classification. This EFIE model, which is a modified version of the Finite Element Radiation model developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, was used to simulate VHF SAR signatures of ground targets. These SAR signatures were studied and compared with signatures generated from data colelcted by the CARABAS sensor during a 1993 Foliage Penetration radar experiment. It was found that the EFIE model can provide adequate RCS values and distributions for gound target detection studies. It was also found that the simulated images have reasonable spatial appearance and may be useful for ground target classification studies.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar Target detection Device simulation Electromagnetism radar Reflection Computer simulations Foliage penetrating radar Image classification Sensors

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Clutter model for VHFSAR imagery

Clutter model for VHFSAR imagery

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery XI

作者： Jackson, JA Moses, RL Ohio State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453501

We present a physically-based clutter model for low frequency synthetic aperture radar that includes both distributed scatterers and large-amplitude discrete clutter. The model is used to generate a synthetic forest clutter scene comprised of two components, a background component and a heavy-tailed discrete component. Model parameters are based on characteristics of the scene, such as the radar cross-section of trees., forest thickness, and background radar cross-section. A synthetic SAR image of the scene is generated by modelling the radar imaging process as a lowpass filter and convolving the scene with the impulse response of the radar. We compare the synthetic, single-pass clutter image to measured data and present a metric for evaluating model fit. We also extended the model to describe correlated, multi-pass images for change detection applications.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar VHF clutter forest change detection

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Low-cost, high-performance image formation using the ImSyn(TM) Processor 2

Low-cost, high-performance image formation using the ImSyn(T...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery ii

作者： EICHEL, LA LAFUSE, JL ESSEX CORP COLUMBIAMD 21046

ISBN: (纸本)0819418404

With the invention of the ImSyn Processor, an optoelectronic device capable of image formation from a wide range of sensors, Essex Corporation made possible high speed, high performance image reconstruction on inexpensive workstations. The ImSyn Processor will facilitate SAR phase history analysis and support research in other frequency domain imaging techniques. During image reconstruction, the processor permits flexible interaction with the process steps, enabling processes like autofocus and motion compensation. Examples of SAR images from breadboard tests and descriptions of processing steps are presented. © 1995 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar SAR OPTOELECTRONICS DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AUTOFOCUS POLAR PROCESSING SPOTLIGHT MODE

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AROMA Autofocus of SAR Moving Targets with Complicated Heading Trajectories 29

AROMA Autofocus of SAR Moving Targets with Complicated Headi...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery XXIX

作者： Garren, David A. Naval Postgrad Sch Elect & Comp Engn Monterey CA 93943 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510650671;9781510650664

Moving targets are often smeared in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery beyond recognition. Recent analysis has yielded an ability to perform Arbitrary Rigid Object Motion Autofocus (AROMA) in order to perform automatic refocus of targets which exhibit arbitrary temporal profiles of target translation and rotation during the SAR collection interval. This investigation examines the efficacy of AROMA for targets with complex heading profiles amidst a background of measured Ku-band SAR imagery. It is found that AROMA is able to generate well focused imagery which corresponds with the underlying true structure of the target scattering shapes.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar radar imaging moving target imaging

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Filtered Back Projection Type Direct Edge Detection of Real synthetic aperture radar Images

Filtered Back Projection Type Direct Edge Detection of Real ...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery XIX

作者： Pena, Noe Garza, Guillermo Qiao, Zhijun Univ Texas Pan Amer Dept Math Edinburg TX 78539 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819490728

Edge detection algorithms applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have many applications. Detecting edges is an important task in processing images in order to see objects from SAR data. In this work, the received data is first filtered and then backprojected. The edges are detected in both the x and y directions and results shown. SAR segmented images generated using this technique, are provided from a publicly available SAR dataset. The authors of this technique had applied it to synthetic data;in this work the process is applied on real SAR data with significant results.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar Backprojection Edge Detection Imaging

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Autofocusing of ground moving target imagery 2

Autofocusing of ground moving target imagery

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery ii

作者： STOCKBURGER, E ORWIG, L WESTINGHOUSE NORDEN SYST NORWALKCT 06856

ISBN: (纸本)0819418404

Interferometric moving target focusing (IMTF) is an interferometric SAR technique which enables high resolution detection, tracking, and imaging of moving ground targets. While IMTF is able to reliably extract clutter canceled moving ground target signatures from three channel interferometric data, traditional SAR autofocusing techniques are unable to reliably focus moving ground target imagery. Because moving ground target motion includes undesired target roll, pitch, and yaw, and for some vehicles, nonrigid body characteristics, more sophisticated autofocusing techniques are needed. This paper briefly presents IMTF and high resolution IMTF imagery. The paper describes promising techniques for the improved focusing of moving ground target imagery. Image improvement is demonstrated by comparing a modified phase gradient autofocusing technique with the unmodified version.

关键词： INTERFEROMETRY SAR ISAR AUTOFOCUSING MOVING GROUND TARGETS radar IMAGING

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Ultra-wideband radar target detection for sloped and diffuse scattering environments

Ultra-wideband radar target detection for sloped and diffuse...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery XI

作者： Mitra, AK Lewis, TL LaRue, JP Shaw, AK SNRR AFRL Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453501

This paper extends simulation and target detection results from an investigation entitled "Self-Training algorithms for Ultra-wideband SAR Target Detection" that was conducted last year and presented at the 2003 SPIE Aerosense conference on "algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery." Under this approach, simulated SAR impulse clutter data was generated by modulating a tophat model for the SAR video phase history with K-distributed data models. Targets were synthesized and "instanced" within the SAR image via the application of a dihedral model to represent broadside targets. For this paper, these models are extended and generalized by developing a set of models that approximate major scattering mechanisms due to terrain relief and approximate major scattering mechanisms due to scattering from off-angle targets. Off-angle targets are difficult to detect at typical ultra-wideband radar frequencies and are denoted as "diffuse scatterers." Potential approaches for detecting synthetic off-angle targets that demonstrate this type of "diffuse scattering" are developed and described in the algorithms and results section of the paper. A preliminary set of analysis outputs are presented with synthetic data from the resulting simulation testbed.

关键词： ultra-wideband radar synthetic aperture radar target detection diffuse scattering

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