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Study of turbulence effects for a free-space optical link over water

Study of turbulence effects for a free-space optical link ov...

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conference on optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive systems XIII

作者： Mackey, Ruth Chen, Mingzhou Lambert, Andrew Mackey, David Goncharov, Alexander Natl Univ Ireland Sch Phys Appl Opt Grp Galway Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819483454

In this paper we report on measurements of atmospheric turbulence effects arising from water air interaction. The aim of this study is to aid in the design of a free-space optical relay system to facilitate longer line-of-sight distances between relay buoys in a large expanse of water. Analysis of turbulence statistics will provide the basis for adaptive optics solutions to improve the relay signal strength affected by scintillation and beam wander. We report on experiments determining the isokinetic angle using an array of broadband incoherent sources of variable angular separation on the order of 0.1 mrad to 2.8 mrad. The experimental setup consists of a 5 inch telescope with high speed CMOS camera observing over a distance of 300 m close at a height of 1.5 m above the water surface. As part of the turbulence characterisation we experimentally estimate the relative image motion of angle-of-arrival fluctuations and perform other time series analysis. Analysis of the image motion requires new techniques due to the extended nature of the source. We explore different centroiding algorithms and surface fitting techniques.

关键词： atmospheric turbulence free-space optical communication adaptive optics beam wander image processing remote sensing

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Development and performance of the EAGLE active optics LGS WFS refocusing system

Development and performance of the EAGLE active optics LGS W...

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conference on Adaptive optics systems II

作者： Madec, Fabrice Le Mignant, David Chardin, Elodie Hugot, Emmanuel Mazzanti, Silvio Gimenez, Jean-Luc Ferrari, Marc Moreaux, Gabriel Vives, Sebastien Cuby, Jean-Gabriel Univ Aix Marseille 1 CNRS INSU Lab Astrophys Marseille F-13013 Marseille France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482266

We designed, developed, and tested a Variable Curvature Mirror (VCM) as an active refocusing system for the Laser Guide Star (LGS) Wave Front Sensor (WFS) of the E-ELT EAGLE instrument [1]. This paper is the second of two from our team on this R&D activity: Hugot et al. this conf. [2] presented the mirror design and performance simulations. Here, we report on the fabrication integration, testing and performance of the VCM system. During this activity, we developed all necessary parts for the VCM system: a metallic mirror, its housing and mounts, a computer-controlled pressure system, an internal metrology, a testbench etc. The functional testing of the VCM system is successful: we can control the internal pressure to less than 1 mBar, and measure the mirror displacement with a 100 nm accuracy. The mirror displacement is a near-linear and well-simulated function of internal pressure for the desired range of focus. The intrinsic optical quality of the mirror meniscus is well within the specifications. Once mounted in its housing, we observe additional mechanical constraints for the current design that generate optical aberrations. We measured the amplitude of the Zernike modes, and we showed that the axisymetric terms display a variation trend very similar to simulations, with amplitude close to simulations. All these results are very promising for a design of focus compensation without any moving part.

关键词： active optics variable curvature mirrors LGS WFS EAGLE E-ELT

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The Atmospheric piston simulator as an integral part of the calibration unit of LINC - NIRVANA

The Atmospheric piston simulator as an integral part of the ...

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conference on optical and Infrared Interferometry II

作者： Follert, R. Herbst, T. M. Bizenberger, P. DeBonis, F. Univ Heidelberg IMPRS HD Int Max Planck Res Sch Astron & Cosm Phys Heidelberg Germany Max Planck Inst Astron D-69117 Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482242

The atmospheric piston simulator is an integral part of the calibration unit of LINC-NIRVANA, the Fizeau interferometric imager for the Large Binocular Telescope. The calibration unit will be necessary to align and set up the different opto - mechanical subsystems of the instrument. It will assist in (1) the alignment of the optics via reference fibers;(2) establishing zero optical path difference using a balanced fiber splitter;(3) flat fielding of the detectors with an integrating sphere;(4) correction of the non-common path aberrations using a fiber-based phase diversity source;and (5) calibration of the adaptive optics with a rotating reference fiber plate. Substantial testing and verification of the fringe tracker under as realistic as possible conditions in the lab is desirable, since the performance of the fringe tracker will ultimately determine the high angular resolution imaging capability of LINC-NIRVANA as a whole. We are therefore also constructing an atmospheric piston simulator working in the J and H photometric bands. As with many of the other calibration unit sub-systems, our design concept is mainly fiber based. Opto - electronic phase modulators will be used to introduce the piston sequences. The control system of the piston modulators will allow for easy implementation of different vibration power spectra. This will enable us to test and demonstrate the capabilities of the fringe tracker under realistic conditions.

关键词： Near-Infrared Interferometry optical fibers calibration

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Recent progress in concentrator photovoltaics

Recent progress in concentrator photovoltaics

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conference on Photonics for Solar Energy systems III

作者： Gombert, A. Heile, I. Wuellner, J. Gerstmaier, T. van Riesen, S. Gerster, E. Roettger, M. Lerchenmueller, H. Concentrix Solar GmbH D-79111 Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481986

In this paper, a review of the recent progress in concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is given. In the first part, an introduction to CPV includes the concepts of solar concentration and the specific advantages of CPV. Then, the various optical designs are presented and discussed. In the second part, the recent success in bringing this technology to market ready products is described. Exemplarily, the FLATCON (R) CPV technology is described in detail and data of the field performance are presented. The design of the FLATCON CPV module is based on Fresnel lenses and III-V multi-junction solar cells (MJC). With these modules Concentrix installed a demo tracker and two power plants in Spain in 2008. Field data of these systems with a maximum AC efficiency of 23% are presented and discussed in detail. In 2009, the first systems were installed with the module CX-75 which is produced on the fully automated production line of Concentrix in Freiburg. This module has a DC efficiency of 27% flashed. The field data which are presented demonstrate an outstanding AC system efficiency of 25%.

关键词： concentrator optics photovoltaics field performance

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High throughput illumination systems for solar simulators and photoresist exposure

High throughput illumination systems for solar simulators an...

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conference on Nonimaging optics - Efficient design for Illumination and Solar Concentration VII

作者： Feldman, Arkady Newport Corp Oriel Instruments Div Stratford CT 06615 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482815

High throughput illumination systems are critical component in photolithography, solar simulators, UV curing, microscopy, and spectral analysis. A good refractive condenser system has F/#.60, or N.A.80, but it captures only 10 to 15% of energy emitted by an incandescent or gas-discharge lamp, as these sources emit light in all directions. systems with ellipsoidal or parabolic reflectors are much more efficient, they capture up to 80% of total energy emitted by lamps. However, these reflectors have large aberrations when working with real sources of finite dimensions, resulting in poor light concentrating capability. These aberrations also increase beam divergence, collimation, and affect edge definition in flood exposure systems. The problem is aggravated by the geometry of high power Arc lamps where, for thermal considerations, the anode has a larger diameter than the cathode and absorbs and obscures part of the energy. This results in an asymmetrical energy distribution emitted by the lamp and makes efficiency of Lamp - reflector configuration dependent on orientation of lamp in the reflector. This paper presents the analysis of different configurations of Lamp - Reflector systems of different power levels and their energy distribution in the image plane. Configuration, which results in significant improvement of brightness, is derived.

关键词： Lamps Reflectors Solar energy Ultraviolet radiation Photoresist materials Light optical lithography Device simulation Floods Microscopy

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Active imaging lens with real-time variable resolution and constant field of view

Active imaging lens with real-time variable resolution and c...

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conference on International optical design

作者： Parent, Jocelyn Thibault, Simon Univ Laval Ctr Opt Photon & Laser Quebec City PQ G1V 0A6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480828

We present a lens with a constant total field of view and real-time variable resolution in certain zones of interest. This smart imaging lens uses an active optical element to modify as desired the local distortion. This way, while keeping the total field of view constant, the resolution can be increased in a zone of interest, at the expense of decreasing it somewhere in the remaining part of the field of view. We first present the concept of this lens, using a deformable mirror as the active surface. Computer simulations are done with Zemax in which a magnifying power of 2 in a zone of interest representing 10% of the full field of view is achieved, using a f = 12.5 mm lens and a F/# of 18. Different combinations of theses parameters would allow different performances and results. We then present experimental results of this lens with a prototype built using a ferrofluidic deformable mirror as the active element. Experimental results of a zone of increased resolution with a magnification of 1.32 and a zone of decreased resolution with a magnification of 0.80 are obtained.

关键词： systems design Aberrations Active or adaptive optics Lens Plant magnification Zone deformable mirrors Resolving power lens active imaging Lenses field of view

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Large-optics shearing interferometer for the wavefront sensing of widely tunable laser

Large-Optics shearing interferometer for the wavefront sensi...

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conference on Interferometry XV - Techniques and Analysis

作者： Luan, Zhu Wang, Lijuan Zhou, Yu Dai, Enwen Sun, Jianfeng Liu, Liren Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech Shanghai 201800 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482860

There is large aperture and diffraction-limited laser beam in the space laser applications such as laser communication. Laser wavefront can be measured by shearing interferometer or Shark-Hartmann sensor etc. Large-optics shearing interferometer based on Mach-Zehnder plate structure has been manufactured to differentially analyze the laser wavefront from two parts of aperture-divided fringes. One of six optical plates of the interferometer is divided to the up part and the down. The precision of measurement is higher than the full aperture design. It is suitable for the diameter below 290mm with the changeable shear amount from 1mm to 150mm. There are two sets of collimators used for the parallel of the plates. Another single-mode 635nm laser collimator which is measured through double-shearing plate before is serving as a standard wavefront of 150mm diameter. One path of the interference is changed with precise adjustment unit in several microns that the interference may be happened between equal optical path reflection and the other. It can be used for widely tunable laser and other laser system which has short coherent length. The apparatus and the experiments are explained in detail in this paper. Many systems of different quality and diameter and coherent length are measured by the large-optics shearing interferometer. The experimental wavefront results are fitted to Zernike polynomial and the Zernike coefficients are derived.

关键词： shearing interferometer wavefront equal optical path large aperture widely tunable laser

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design and laboratory calibration of the compact pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system

Design and laboratory calibration of the compact pushbroom h...

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2009 International conference on optical Instruments and Technology, OIT 2009

作者： Zhou, Jiankang Ji, Yiqun Chen, Yuheng Chen, Xinhua Shen, Weimin Soochow Univ. (China)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819478924

The designed hyperspectral imaging system is composed of three main parts, that is, optical subsystem electronic subsystem and capturing subsystem. And a three-dimensional "image cube" can be obtained through push-broom. The fore-optics is commercial-off-the-shelf with high speed and three continuous zoom ratios. Since the dispersive imaging part is based on Offner relay configuration with an aberration-corrected convex grating, high power of light collection and variable view field are obtained. The holographic recording parameters of the convex grating are optimized, and the aberration of the Offner configuration dispersive system is balanced. The electronic system adopts module design, which can minimize size, mass, and power consumption. Frame transfer area-array CCD is chosen as the image sensor and the spectral line can be binned to achieve better SNR and sensitivity without any deterioration in spatial resolution. The capturing system based on the computer can set the capturing parameters, calibrate the spectrometer, process and display spectral imaging data. Laboratory calibrations are prerequisite for using precise spectral data. The spatial and spectral calibration minimize smile and keystone distortion caused by optical system, assembly and so on and fix positions of spatial and spectral line on the frame area-array CCD. Gases excitation lamp is used in smile calibration and the keystone calculation is carried out by different viewing field point source created by a series of narrow slit. The laboratory and field imaging results show that this pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system can acquire high quality spectral images. © 2009 spie.

关键词： Calibration

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design and Analysis of Natural Light Guiding CPC Structure Used for Indoor Illumination

Design and Analysis of Natural Light Guiding CPC Structure U...

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5th conference on Nonimaging optics and Efficient Illumination systems

作者： Chen, Yi-Yung Huang, Wei Whang, Allen Jong-Woei NTUST Dept Elect Engn Taipei Taiwan NTUST Grad Inst Electroopt Engn Dept Elect Engn Taipei Taiwan NTUST IBRC Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472793

We have designed an optical component to collect sunlight for indoor illumination. We use a CPC structure utilizing the edge-ray principle to design the collecting part to gather sunlight at many different angles, without a sun tracking system. The CPC structure was designed with the sun condition in Taipei each season. For the maximum efficiency, we define two conditions to evaluate the static concentrator is total energy saving in the visible range.

关键词： Indoor Illumination Static Concentrator CPC Structure Wide Collecting Angle

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Primary Chromatic Aberration Elimination via Optimization Work with Genetic Algorithm

Primary Chromatic Aberration Elimination via Optimization Wo...

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conference on optical design and Engineering III

作者： Wu, Bo-Wen Liu, Tung-Kuan Fang, Yi-Chin Chou, Jyh-Horng Tsai, Hsien-Lin Chang, En-Hao Natl Kaohsiung First Univ Sci & Technol Inst Engn Sci & Technol Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473301

Chromatic Aberration plays a part in modern optical systems, especially in digitalized and smart optical systems. Much effort has been devoted to eliminating specific chromatic aberration in order to match the demand for advanced digitalized optical products. Basically, the elimination of axial chromatic and lateral color aberration of an optical lens and system depends on the selection of optical glass. According to reports from glass companies all over the world, the number of various newly developed optical glasses in the market exceeds three hundred. However, due to the complexity of a practical optical system, optical designers have so far had difficulty in finding the right solution to eliminate small axial and lateral chromatic aberration except by the Damped Least Squares (DLS) method, which is limited in so far as the DLS method has not yet managed to find a better optical system configuration. In the present research, genetic algorithms are used to replace traditional DLS so as to eliminate axial and lateral chromatic, by combining the theories of geometric optics in Tessar type lenses and a technique involving Binary/Real Encoding, Multiple Dynamic Crossover and Random Gene Mutation to find a much better configuration for optical glasses. By implementing the algorithms outlined in this paper, satisfactory results can be achieved in eliminating axial and lateral color aberration.

关键词： Achromatic Genetic algorithm Optimization optical design Ray tracing

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