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Adaptive optics control system development

Adaptive optics control system development

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conference on Astronomical Adaptive optics systems and Applications

作者： Hampton, P Véran, JP Bradley, C Hilton, A Agathoklis, P Dept Mech Engn Victoria BC V8W 3P6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819450421

This paper describes the current control system of the multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) test bench system that is being developed at the University of Victoria, BC, Canada. The design and analysis of a control system for an AO system employing a Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) based deformable mirror is presented. The AO system is part of a larger test bed that is a scale version of an 8-meter telescope. This paper focuses on the control of one deformable mirror with a Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor. Diagrams of how all the components work together as a control system are given. A conversion from actuator signal space to Zernike mode coefficients is presented. Analysis shows that this control system is capable of reducing low frequency aberrations. Shortcomings of the system error rejection are discussed. The steady state and step response to tilt simulated on the wave front sensor is shown.

关键词： adaptive optics digital control MEMS deformable mirror Zernike

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optical design of rotational symmetric triangulation sensors with low cost detectors based on reflective optics

Optical design of rotational symmetric triangulation sensors...

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conference on optical Measurement systems for Industrial Inspection III

作者： Ott, P Univ Appl Sci Heilbronn D-74081 Heilbronn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819450146

Classical triangulation sensors exhibit a orientation depend signal if the scattering properties of the work-piece are not symmetrical like at curved surface locations. This problem is avoided by rotational symmetric triangulation sensors. Due to this attractive property in a lot of applications such a sensor was introduced very recently on the market. This sensor is based on refractive optics and a special PSD detector, both custom made resulting in high costs. Additionally, the existing optical design approach does not offer an optical layout to start with, thus a good amount of trial and error is required and non-optimal solutions are probable. Therefore, there is great interest for a clear optical design strategy that results in layouts that are suitable also to use low cost commercial available detectors, such as CCD or CMOS image detectors. In this paper such a design procedure is presented for optical designs that use reflecting optical surfaces. Several solutions are depicted and discussed. The designs are not only attractive from the optical point of view and from detector considerations, but also from opto-mechanical design issues. For example designs with only one opto-mechanical part are possible. The resulting optical designs consist of aspherical surfaces which are obtained directly by using only some new relations of first order optics for off-axis objects. The designs are validated by exact ray tracing. These ray tracing results show already very good performance. Nevertheless, it was possible to further optimize the optical designs very efficiently using ray tracing software, thus yielding improved optical properties.

关键词： optical sensors

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Methods of tolerancing injection-molded parts for illumination systems

Methods of tolerancing injection-molded parts for illuminati...

引用

conference on design of Efficient Illumination systems

作者： Kaminski, ME Koshel, RJ Breault Res Org Inc Tucson AZ 85715 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450596

Injection-molded optical components are used often for commercial illumination systems. This paper discusses methods of how to model the tolerance aspects of such components. Tolerance aspects include surface roughness, source-to-optic position and rotation errors, and surface slope errors. It is noted that all of these tolerance investigations cannot correctly account for errors in the injection-mold process. A method to model deformations induced in the injection-mold process is proposed. The method is based on the laser scan of an injection-molded part, which allows the rebuilding of the surface from the point cloud. This method, while quite accurate, is time consuming, so a second algorithm based upon approximation with a Harvey scatter model is developed that takes over an order of magnitude less in time. It is shown that the approximate model provides results within a few percent if comparisons are done in the far field. Near-field results require the rebuild method that uses the measured point cloud. Additionally, illumination systems comprising multiple interactions with the component surface (e.g., lightpipes) can use the approximate Harvey model.

关键词： illumination nonimaging optics optical design tolerancing Harvey model injection molding

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Development of the first light AO system for the. large binocular telescope.

Development of the first light AO system for the. large bino...

引用

conference on Astronomical Adaptive optics systems and Applications

作者： Esposito, S Tozzi, A Puglisi, A Fini, L Stefanini, P Salinari, P Gallieni, D Storm, J Osserv Astrofis Arcetri I-50125 Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819450421

The LBT Adaptive first light is foreseen for summer 2004. The first ligth AO system will be part of the Acquisition Guiding and Wavefront sensor unit (AGW) placed at the front bent Gregorian Foci of the telescope. The development and construction of the AO system is an undergoing process at Arcetri Observatory. The main features of the system are: the use of an adaptive secondary mirror with 672 actuators, the adoption of a pyramid wavefront sensor with a maximum sampling of 30x30 subaperture and the use of a small (400x320mm) movable wavefront sensor unit for reference star acquisition. After a brief description of the system the paper report about the progresses made in the design, realization and lab testing of the various parts of the AO system. In particular we describe the new beams configuration for the wavefront sensor board, the lab prototype of the sensor opto-mechanics, the sensor fast camera and its controller, the glass pyramid, the AO system real time and control software.

关键词： Stereolithography Adaptive optics Telescopes Wavefront sensors Lithium Sensors Astronomical adaptive optics Lutetium Mirrors Observatories

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Vehicle axle detector for roadways based on fiber optic interferometer

Vehicle axle detector for roadways based on fiber optic inte...

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Smart Structures and Materials 2003 conference

作者： Donlagic, D Hanc, M Univ Maribor Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci SLO-2000 Maribor Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)0819448559

Road monitoring instrumentation is becoming an important part of traffic management systems. Axle detectors are part of this instrumentation and have been subject to considerable practical investigation in recent years. This paper presents a new fiber optic vehicle axle detector for roadways. It is based on a fiber optic Michelson interferometer that is mounted directly into the road surface. The system is based on a minimum number of standard, cost effective, telecommunication fiber optic components. The detector is placed beneath the road surface and is not subjected to the wear and tear as in the case of current commercially available axle detectors. The detector operation was tracked for a period of one full year deployed in a freeway with an average frequency of 20,000 vehicles per day. During this period we did not observe any degradation of performance or malfunction of the proposed system. In addition, a fully dielectric design allowed for remote operation of the sensor via a long section of optical fiber.

关键词： Sensors Roads Fiber optics sensors Fiber optics Interferometers Filtering (signal processing) Signal detection Signal processing Telecommunications Standards development

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Effect of spectral emissivity on single broadband MWIR image simulation, part II

Effect of spectral emissivity on single broadband MWIR image...

引用

conference on Infrared Imaging systems - design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV

作者： Hodgkin, VA Jacobs, EL Edwards, T USA CECOM RDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate Ft Belvoir VA 22060 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449350

In preceding work, it was shown that the relative error in the predicted intensity of an individual pixel in any broadband MWIR image simulation that employs some form of band-average emissivity and/or average detector responsivity approximation in its models will be about equal to the fractional standard deviation of the MWIR emissivity of the corresponding material. This relationship between the error in simulated integrated image intensity and the variation in spectral emissivity over the MWIR band for a set of 27 commonly encountered scenery materials was shown to behave like a simple power curve, with the power inversely proportional to scene temperature. However, what is more important than the error in a single simulated image pixel is how a multi-pixel simulated image is effected. In this follow-on paper, the errors associated with band-average emissivity approximations are quantified with respect to errors in synthetic images. Comparisons of image contrast and image correlation using band-average emissivity and spectral emissivity are performed. The impact of band-average emissivity in a simple synthetic image on a perception experiment is presented as an example of an application-dependent effect.

关键词： Sensors Thermal modeling Mid-IR Image sensors Photodetectors Target detection Aluminum Computer simulations Atmospheric optics Thin film coatings

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Development of a silicon-based modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector

Development of a silicon-based modal liquid crystal wavefron...

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4th International conference on Photonics, Devices and systems

作者： Loktev, M Vdovin, G Sarro, PM Delft Univ Technol Elect Instrumentat Lab Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819448370

Application of liquid crystal (LC) modulators as phase modulators for real time wavefront control is important for the development of inexpensive adaptive optics systems. They have wide potential opportunities: low half-wave voltages (fractions of volts should be applied to change phase delay on half wave, which makes this technology compatible with CMOS processes), large stroke range (tens of wavelengths), low power consumption (0.1 mW/cm(2)), low volume requirements due to thin design, no moving parts, wide range of working temperatures (-20...100degreesC), significant life times (more than 104 h) and low cost of materials. Currently only piston-type LC correctors are available, however modal approach to the design of LC phase modulators allows reaching of much higher optical performance comparable to that of existing deformable mirrors'. Additionally, implementation of the silicon technology allows integration of an LC modulator and a part of its control electronics in a single chip. In this paper we discuss the technology of modal LC correctors and present the results of their experimental investigation and numerical simulation. In the framework of statistical description of atmospheric phase distortions the performance of LC corrector for single-frequency control method was evaluated and compared to that of piston, thin-plate and membrane mirrors. Dependency of the response functions from parameters of the control unit is discussed. Possible control techniques are discussed in terms of optical performance, energy consumption, cost of manufacturing and possibility for integration. Experimental results of close-loop operation of the corrector are presented.

关键词： Liquid crystals Wavefronts Resistance Mirrors Silicon Electrodes Control systems Manufacturing Metals optics manufacturing

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The correction of pistonic aberrations at the LBT - A near-infrared Fringe and Flexure Tracker for LINC

The correction of pistonic aberrations at the LBT - A near-i...

引用

conference on Interferometry for optical Astronomy II

作者： Straubmeier, C Eckart, A Bertram, T Zealouk, L Wang, Y Univ Cologne Inst Phys 1 D-50937 Cologne Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819446173

The I. Physikalische Institut of the University of Cologne is participating in an international collaboration with the Max-Planck-Institut fr Astronomie in Heidelberg and the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri for the development of LINC/NIRVANA, the Near-Infrared/Visible Interferometric Camera for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). LINC/NIRVANA will be one of the two interferometric camera systems of the LBT and will operate at wavelengths from 0.6 mum to 2.4 mum, with the long wavelength regime between 1.0 mum and 2.5 mum being covered by LINC* and the shorter wavelengths part from 0.6 mum to 1.0 mum being processed by NIRVANA(dagger). The main contributions of the Cologne institute to this camera will be the 77 K dewar and the Fringe and Flexure Tracker (FFT) for the near-infrared part on the system. Detecting and correcting the fast pistonic aberrations of the atmosphere and the slow flexure of the instrument in a closed-loop operation, the presence and proper function of the FFT is mandatory for a time-stable image quality at highest interferometic resolutions. In order to get the best possible image correction for LINC, the FFT will be located inside the camera dewar at an interferometric focus close the one of the near-infrared science detector. Using simple optical elements it will continuously monitor the time-variable phase difference and pupil locations of the incoming wavefronts from the two arms of the twin-telescope. In this article we give a short overview of the camera concept of LINC and present the current status of the design and development of the FFT going on at our institute at the University of Cologne.

关键词： astronomical instrumentation interferometry pistonic aberration adaptive optics LBT

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design and analysis of a micro-optical speckle displacement sensor

Design and analysis of a micro-optical speckle displacement ...

引用

5th conference on Novel optical systems design and Optimization

作者： Schreiber, P Zeitner, UD Fraunhofer Inst Angew Opt & Feinmechan D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819445355

The presented displacement sensor is based on the interference of a reference beam and the back-scattered speckle light from the moving surface under inspection. In contrast to incremental sensors this system works on nearly arbitrary surfaces without any special patterns. The design goal is a micro-optical system assembled with injection-molded plastic components and replicated gratings manufactured with lithographic technologies. The system design starts with ray tracing for the layout of the laserdiode module, the beam splitter grating and the refocusing optics. After this geometric optics first order design the profile of the buried reflection beam splitter grating is optimized with special diffractive optics design tools to achieve maximum efficiency in the required diffraction orders. The evaluation of the design is carried out mainly under two aspects: First part of analysis deals with investigation of aberrations and system tolerancing by ray tracing. The second part concentrates on wave-optical modelling of the changing interference signals, caused by the movement of the scattering surface.

关键词： displacement sensing micro-optics free-space wavepropagation raytracing

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Creating standards-based optics and photonics classes K-16

Creating standards-based optics and photonics classes K-16

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7th International conference on Education and Training in optics and Photonics

作者： Miller, N Optics & Photonics Training Systems (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819443182

In order to get more people, especially those under-represented in the technical fields, to discover careers in light-enabling technologies, more schools must make a greater effort at an earlier age to provide qualified instruction in these areas. The hardest part of creating new curriculum is the process of establishing its credibility. Aligning new photonics curriculum with National Science Education Standards is the most logical way to do this. Integrating optics and photonic activities that align with these established standards into the normal science curriculum allows for the measurement of student performances against these standards. This paper is about teaching strategies that use these standards to create new photonics activities and incorporate them into the K-16 classroom. It also addresses using these strategies to design classroom activities and assessments that lead to students' successful demonstration of these standards.

关键词： Standards development Photonics Mathematics Distance measurement Data modeling Internet Laser safety Integrated optics Physical sciences Statistical analysis

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