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Integrating rod homogeneity as a function of cross-sectional shape

Integrating rod homogeneity as a function of cross-sectional...

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5th conference on Novel optical systems design and Optimization

作者： Dimas, CF Read, S Kuta, JJ EXFO Photon Solut Inc Mississauga ON L5N 6H7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819445355

We present preliminary results from an analysis of irradiance patterns from integrating rods. A new metric is proposed to provide a more rigorous characterization of homogeneity as compared to the current ANSI standard for illumination and brightness of rectangular integrating rods used in the projector and display industry. This new metric is used in a computational ray-trace analysis to compare the relative homogenizing efficiency of integrating rods as a function of the polygon order of the cross section. Our analysis is performed for an ideal surface-emitting disk in order to yield general insight into the workings of integrating rods for common fight sources, and a for full radiometric source model based on measurements of a reflectorized 100W Hg arc lamp. Simulation results indicate that a high degree of homogenization can be achieved for integrating rods with cross sections of polygon order less than or equal to10. These results refute the commonly held belief that only integrating rods with tileable cross-sectional shapes are effective homogenizers. These results are particularly significant for optical applications in the materials processing industry.

关键词： integrating rod uniformity homogenizer non-imaging optics

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Combination of a vision system and a coordinate measuring machine for rapid coordinate metrology

Combination of a vision system and a coordinate measuring ma...

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conference on optical design and Testing

作者： Qu, YF Pu, ZB Liu, GD Harbin Inst Technol Dept Automat Measurement & Control Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819447161

This paper presents a novel methodology that integrates a vision system and a coordinate measuring machine for rapid coordinate metrology. Rapid acquisition of coordinate data from parts having tiny dimension, complex geometry and soft or fragile material has many applications. Typical examples include Large Scale Integrated circuit, glass or plastic part measurement, and reverse engineering in rapid product design and realization. In this paper, a novel approach to a measuring methodology for a vision integrated coordinate measuring system is developed and demonstrated. The vision coordinate measuring system is characterized by an integrated use of a high precision coordinate measuring machine (CMM), a vision system, advanced computational software, and the associated electronics. The vision system includes a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, a self-adapt brightness power, and a graphics workstation with an image processing board. The vision system along with intelligent feature recognition and auto-focus algorithms provides the feature point space coordinate of global part profile after the system has been calibrated. The measured data may be fitted to geometry element of part profile. The obtained results are subsequently used to compute parameters consist of curvature radius, distance, shape error and surface reconstruction. By integrating the vision system with the CMM, a highly automated, high speed, 3D coordinate acquisition system is developed. It has potential applications in a whole spectrum of manufacturing problems with a major impact on metrology, inspection, and reverse engineering.

关键词： vision systems coordinate measuring machines reverse engineering self-adapt brightness power autofocus algorithms feature recognition

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Structural health monitoring system design using finite element analysis

Structural health monitoring system design using finite elem...

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conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological systems

作者： Stinemates, DW Farrar, CR Sohn, H Bennett, JG Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444502

The project described in this paper was undertaken to demonstrate that finite element analysis can be used to define the parameters of structural health monitoring sensing system. Such an approach to sensor system property definition is necessary because in actual applications one will almost never have a damaged structure available to test. Instead, one will have to postulate the anticipated damage, simulate that damage with a numerical model and then analyze the computational data to determine the necessary properties of the sensing system (number, type, location, sensitivity, bandwidth). To demonstrate this process, a finite element model was constructed of a simulated three-story building used for damage identification experiments. Damage was introduced by loosening bolts in the connections of the columns to plates representing the floors the structure. Of particular interest was modeling slip in joints as a function of bolt torque and predicting the smallest change of torque that could be detected experimentally. After being validated with modal analysis results from the physical structure, the model was used to produce data to test the capabilities of damage identification algorithms and define the sensing system properties. This paper describes the finite element model that was constructed, the results obtained, and proposed future uses for such model as part of an integrated approach to structural health monitoring.

关键词： structural health monitoring damage detection finite element analysis sensing system properties

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The VLTI focal instrument AMBER: Results of laboratory commissioning of the warm optics

The VLTI focal instrument AMBER: Results of laboratory commi...

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Interferometry for optical Astronomy II

作者： Robbe-Dubois, S. Bresson, Y. Antonelli, P. Bonhomme, S. Lagarde, S. Martinot-Lagarde, G. Petrov, R. Puget, P. Reynaud, F. Roussel, A. Rousselet-Perraut, K. Tasso, D. Vannier, M. Univ. de Nice-Sophia Antipolis UMR 6525 Parc Valrose 06108 Nice France Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur UMR 6528 BP 4229 06304 Nice France CNRS INSU DT 77 Av. Denfert Rochereau 75014 Paris France Laboratoire d'Astrophysique Observatoire de Grenoble BP 53 38041 Grenoble France Inst. Rech. Commun. Optiques M. UMR 6615 123 Av. Albert Thomas 87060 Limoges France

ISBN: (纸本)0819446173

AMBER, Astronomical Multi BEam combineR, is the near-infrared focal instrument dedicated to the VLTI. It is designed to combine three of the VLTI Telescopes and to work simultaneously in the J, H and K spectral bands (1.1 to 2.4 μm). The instrumental concept and its opto-mechanic specifications were defined in order to reach the ambitious scientific requirements to satisfy the core astrophysical programs. The project passed the Final design Review in May 2001, phase which marks the acceptation of the instrument final design and the beginning of the construction and tests. After this phase, optics and mechanical systems have been receptioned since February 2002, for the laboratory tests and alignments. The cooled spectrograph and its cryostat is assembled at the Osservatorio di Arcetri in Firenze, Italy and the cooled detector at the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie in Bonn, Deutschland. The warm optics, including spatial filter in K and artificial sources injection system, have been pre-aligned at the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur in Nice. France to validate most of the alignment procedure, the required element accuracies and the associated degrees of freedom. The whole instrument is then currently fully assembled and optimized at the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble, France. Its sensitivity and final performance will be evaluated in order to reach the Preliminary Acceptance in Europe, scheduled beginning 2003. This paper gives the results of the warm optics laboratory commissioning.

关键词： Astronomy

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Variable geometry nonimaging optics devices

Variable geometry nonimaging optics devices

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6th Biannual conference on Nonimaging optics: Maximum Efficiency Light Transfer

作者： Chaves, J Collares-Pereira, M Univ Tecn Lisboa Dept Phys Inst Super Tecn P-1096 Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)0819441600

A new application of design techniques for nonimaging concentrators is presented. VAriable Geometry Nonimaging optics Devices (VAGNOD) are presented for 2D systems. These devices have a variable acceptance angle allowing for its continuous variation within a range of values. The relation between the sizes of entrance and exit apertures must then vary according to the laws of nonimaging optics. This implies a variation in the size of either the entrance or the exit aperture, resulting in two types of devices. Movable mirrors are an integral part of the new devices discussed in this paper, with positions depending on the variable acceptance angle. These new combinations of optical and mechanical solutions, although not ideal, may represent a practical approximation to ideality.

关键词： CPC variable geometry illumination concentration

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Modern control design of thin facesheet adaptive optics

Modern control design of thin facesheet adaptive optics

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Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky-Mountain Guidance and Control conference

作者： Miller, DW Grocott, SCO MIT Space Syst Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)087703480X;0877034796

Thin facesheet adaptive optics at the secondary mirror location benefit ground-based infrared telescopes by providing correction of atmospheric distortion using a minimum of lightweight optical surfaces that can be shaped at high speed, However, such systems also pose challenges to the control system due to the need to extend control bandwidth well into the frequency regime of the mirror's flexible modes. This paper presents an innovative approach to control design for adaptive optical systems that exploits modem, model-based, state-space control that provides better performance and stability margins while consuming less power. The atmospheric reconstruction problem, in conjunction with estimating the dynamic states of the mirror, is posed in an optimal Kalman Filter estimation problem while the atmospheric tracking control is posed in the Linear Quadratic Regulator framework. Since the flexible dynamics of the mirror are included in the estimator and regulator, the problem is viewed as "dynamic reconstruction." The fact that these dynamics must be propagated as part of the realtime control calculations makes this approach quite computationally intensive. Fortunately, the circumferential symmetry of such systems, known as "circulance", allows the design, as well as the realtime software implementation, to be partitioned into a number of independent sub-controllers that can be implemented in parallel, thereby dramatically reducing the complexity of design and realtime computational burden. Furthermore, this circulant symmetry and interplay between optical and flexible dynamic modes allows a set of design rules to be derived which optimize the performance and implementation of such systems.

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design of the Heliospheric Imager for the STEREO mission

Design of the Heliospheric Imager for the STEREO mission

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conference on UV/EUV and Visible Space Instrumentation for Astronomy and Solar Physics

作者： Defise, JM Halain, JP Mazy, E Rochus, P Howard, RA Moses, JD Socker, DG Simnett, GM Webb, DF Ctr Spatial Liege B-4031 Angleur Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)0819442127

The Heliospheric Imager (HI) is part of the SECCHI suite of instruments on-board the two STEREO spacecrafts to be launched in 2005. The two I-H instruments will provide stereographic image pairs of solar coronal plasma and address the observational problem of very faint coronal mass ejections (CME) over a wide field of view (similar to90degrees) ranging from 13 to 330 R-0. The key element of the instrument design is to reject the solar disk light, with straylight attenuation of the order of 10(-13) to 10(-15) in the camera systems. This attenuation is accomplished by a specific design of straylight baffling system, and two separate observing cameras with complimentary FOV's cover the wide field of view. A multi-vane diffractive system has been theoretically optimized to achieve the lower requirement (10-13 for HI-1) and is combined with a secondary baffling system to reach the 10-15 rejection performance in the second camera system (HI-2). This paper presents the design concept of the HI optics and baffles, and the preparation of verification tests that will demonstrate the instrument straylight performances. The baffle design has been optimized according to accommodation constrains on the spacecraft, and the optics were studied to provide adequate light gathering power and image quality. Straylight has been studied in the complete configuration, including the lens barrels and the focal plane assemblies. A specific testing facility is currently being studied to characterise the effective straylight rejection of the HI baffling. An overview of the developments for those tests is presented.

关键词： Heliospheric Imager straylight baffling rejection test

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New thermal vacuum facility for the radiometric calibration of space instruments

New thermal vacuum facility for the radiometric calibration ...

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conference on Sensors, systems, and Next-Generation Satellites IV

作者： van der Zwan, BA TNO Inst Appl Phys TPD Opt Div NL-2600 AD Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819438251

A new facility is presented designed for the absolute and relative radiometric calibration of space instruments. All parts of the facility, thermal vacuum system, software, electronics and even the layout of the facility, are subordinate to the quality of the measurements. For each part is explained, how and why, the design of this particular part is contributing to improvement of the calibration.

关键词： radiometric calibration space optics calibration facility earth observation GOME OMI

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Eyepiece design with refractive-diffractive hybrid elements

Eyepiece design with refractive-diffractive hybrid elements

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conference on Current Developments in Lens design and optical systems Engineering

作者： Yun, ZS Lam, YL Zhou, Y Yuan, XC Zhao, LP Liu, J Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Photon Res Grp Singapore S639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

Eyepieces are a part of visual optical systems. Because of their wide field of view and long eye-relief, it is difficult to further improve the existing eyepieces using all-refractive surfaces. Since diffractive elements demonstrate unique characteristics: negative dispersion and non-field curvature, the eyepiece design can be improved by using refractive-diffractive hybrid surfaces. In this paper, several design examples using refractive-diffractive hybrid surfaces to design moderate field of view (FOV) eyepieces were studied. Firstly, a design example using a diffractive surface to replace the negative piece in the cement doublet of a conventional Kellner type eyepiece is presented. Then a design example is given by employing two diffractive elements to replace the negative elements used in the conventional symmetrical eyepiece. For the above examples the eyepiece aberration correction techniques were also analyzed.

关键词： optical design lens design diffractive optics eyepiece

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Software for simulation of image conversion in IR TDI systems and optimizing TDI focal plane arrays

Software for simulation of image conversion in IR TDI system...

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16th International conference on Photoelectronics and Night Vision Devices

作者： Orlov, S Vinetsky, Y Moscow Inst Phys & Technol Dolgoprudnyi Russia

ISBN: (纸本)0819440264

A program model and relative software tool has been developed allowing to simulate transformations of different physical nature the initial image undergo while passing through electro-optical path of TR TDI system. The program consists of appropriate successively processed units, considering influence of atmosphere, optics, scanning, photodetector (PD) and multiplexer, on initial thermal image. The developed software is intended to be an everyday-practice focal plane arrays (FPAs) engineer's tool for optimizing PD and multiplexer structure and tradeoff analysis. In addition, the software was developed as a first part of more general program now under design, which allows one to estimate an effectiveness of different methods and algorithms of image reconstruction from TDI -"rows" output data. The software is especially useful in the cases of relatively complex arrangement of photodetector apertures, and/or when image motion trajectory in the focal plane is "non-ideal" (e.g., skewed with respect to its normal direction, or waved-form), which are the cases in practical systems. The main features of the designed model are described and some advantages of the program are discussed. The preliminary results on the image processing in practical middle-wave infrared (MWIR) TDI system are given demonstrating the influence of various system parameters on final image quality and confirming the validity of the model.

关键词： IR photodetectors time-delay-and-integration image processing computer simulation

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