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optical model of optical volume diffusion plate - BSDF measurement of polycarbonate plate doped with silicon dioxide micro particle 16

Optical model of optical volume diffusion plate - BSDF measu...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Lin, Che-Chu Yu, Yeh-Wei Chen, Yu-Heng Le, Ming Sun, Ching-Cherng Chen, Jong-Wu Cheng, Chih-Yuan Natl Cent Univ Dept Opt & Photon Chungli 320 Taiwan Plast Ind Dev Ctr Taichung 407 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

High-efficiency diffusers play important roles in modern optical industry. The applications include back-light of television, uniform lighting, glare suppression, lighting decoration, and so on. In this paper, we develop optical volume diffusion plate using polycarbonate (PC) plate doped with silicon dioxide (SiO2) micro particle. The scattering distribution of diffusers is an important factor in the lighting design. Commercial detectors often measure the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) by a scanning and time-consuming method. We have proposed screen imaging synthesis (SIS) system in 2012, and it can easily measure the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF). In this paper, the optimized formula is presented to correct the vignetting effect and scattering effect caused by the screen. A quasi-Lambertian screen is made to enhance precision. Finally, we combine the SIS system with the rotation controller, and a semi-automatic measuring machine is built. The SIS generation can measure BSDF of the samples precisely and easily. In order to reduce glare problems and design a luminaire with uniform light distribution, we usually use diffusers to modulate the luminaire

关键词： BSDF BTDF BRDF Image reconstruction techniques

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Using effective medium theories to design tailored nanocomposite materials for optical systems 19

Using effective medium theories to design tailored nanocompo...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Werdehausen, Daniel Staude, Isabelle Burger, Sven Petschulat, Joerg Scharf, Toralf Pertsch, Thomas Decker, Manuel Carl Zeiss Corp Res & Technol Carl Zeiss Promenade 10 D-07745 Jena Germany Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Abbe Ctr Photon Inst Appl Phys Albert Einstein Str 15 D-07745 Jena Germany Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Nanophoton & Metrol Lab CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland JCMwave GmbH Bolivaralle 22 D-14050 Berlin Germany Zuse Inst Berlin Takustr 7 D-14195 Berlin Germany Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH Semicond Mask Solut Carl Zeiss Promenade 10 D-07745 Jena Germany Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn Albert Einstein Str 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

Modern optical systems are subject to very restrictive performance, size and cost requirements. Especially in portable systems size often is the most important factor, which necessitates elaborate designs to achieve the desired specifications. However, current designs already operate very close to the physical limits and further progress is difficult to achieve by changing only the complexity of the design. Another way of improving the performance is to tailor the optical properties of materials specifically to the application at hand. A class of novel, customizable materials that enables the tailoring of the optical properties, and promises to overcome many of the intrinsic disadvantages of polymers, are nanocomposites. However, despite considerable past research efforts, these types of materials are largely underutilized in optical systems. To shed light into this issue we, in this paper, discuss how nanocomposites can be modeled using effective medium theories. In the second part, we then investigate the fundamental requirements that have to be fulfilled to make nanocomposites suitable for optical applications, and show that it is indeed possible to fabricate such a material using existing methods. Furthermore, we show how nanocomposites can be used to tailor the refractive index and dispersion properties towards specific applications.

关键词： Nanocomposites Nanomaterials optical materials optical design optical Systems Dispersion engineering Effective medium theory Mie theory

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design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index lenses for high-performance eyepieces

Design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Corsetti, James A. Visconti, Anthony J. Fang, Kejia McCarthy, Peter Schmidt, Greg R. Moore, Duncan T. Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

High-performance eyepiece designs have been carried out using both spherical and radial gradient-index (GRIN) elements. Eyepiece designs of both geometries are shown to offer superior imaging performance with fewer elements when compared to purely homogeneous systems. These GRIN lenses are formed from monomer diffusion between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PSTY) during the polymerization process, resulting in a copolymer of the two homogeneous materials. A process for fabricating spherical GRIN elements is discussed where copolymer axial GRIN blanks are thermally compressed using spherical surface molds. This process curves the nominally-straight isoindicial surfaces of the axial GRIN rod to be consistent with the shape found during optimization of the design. Once compressed, the spherical blanks are diamond-turned for final surface figure and finish. Measurement of the GRIN profile is carried out using the Schmidt immersion technique in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Tolerances specific to GRIN elements are identified and determined to be readily achievable using the aforementioned manufacturing process.

关键词： Gradient-index spherical gradient-index polymer optics optical design eyepiece methyl methacrylate styrene

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Contact lens design with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres for myopia correction 18

Contact lens design with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres f...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XViii

作者： Peng, Wei-Jei Cheng, Yuan-Chieh Hsu, Wei-Yao Yu, Zong-Ru Ho, Cheng-Fang Abou-El-Hossein, Khaled Natl Appl Res Labs Instrument Technol Res Ctr Taiwan 20R&D Rd 6Hsinchu Sci Pk Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ Precis Engn Lab ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

The design of the rigid contact lens (CL) with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres for myopia correction is presented in this paper. The spherical CL is the most common type for myopia correction, however the spherical aberration (SA) caused from the pupil dilation in dark leads to the degradation of visual acuity which cannot be corrected by spherical surface. The spherical and aspheric CLs are designed respectively based on Liou's schematic eye model, and the criterion is the modulation transfer function (MTF) at the frequency of 100 line pair per mm, which corresponds to the normal vision of one arc-minute. After optimization, the MTF of the aspheric design is superior to that of the spherical design, because the aspheric surface corrects the SA for improving the visual acuity in dark. For avoiding the scratch caused from the contact profilometer, the aspheric surface is designed to match the measurability of the interferometer. The Q-type aspheric surface is employed to constrain the root-mean-square (rms) slope of the departure from a best-fit sphere directly, because the fringe density is limited by the interferometer. The maximum sag departure from a best-fit sphere is also controlled according to the measurability of the aspheric stitching interferometer (ASI). The inflection point is removed during optimization for measurability and appearance. In this study, the aspheric CL is successfully designed with Q-type aspheres for the measurability of the interferometer. It not only corrects the myopia but also eliminates the SA for improving the visual acuity in dark based on the schematic eye model.

关键词： aspheric contact lens Q-type aspheres myopia spherical aberration schematic eye model visual acuity best-fit sphere

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Aberration balancing in the design of visually coupled lens systems

Aberration balancing in the design of visually coupled lens ...

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current developments in optical design and optical engineering iii

作者： Mouroulis, Pantazis Z. Lyons, Kevin P. Zhao, Guoheng Rochester Inst. of Technology Rochester NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)081941249X

In the first part of this paper, we examine previously used methods for the assessment of the subjective performance of lenses coupled to the eye, we establish the need for a unified means of assessment in terms of visual tasks and targets, and we propose such a means. In the second part, we address some common aberration balancing questions, with a view to presenting concrete recommendations for optical design. The balancing questions examined are: defocus and accommodation, accommodation and longitudinal color, spherical aberration and defocus, astigmatism and field curvature, field curvature and accommodation, transverse color and astigmatism, and coma and astigmatism.

关键词： lenses

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design and testing of a refractive reshaping system

Design and testing of a refractive reshaping system

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current developments in optical design and optical engineering iii

作者： Jiang, Wu Shealy, David L. Martin, James C. Univ. of Alabama/Birmingham Birmingham AL USA

ISBN: (纸本)081941249X

For many illumination applications, it is desirable for a laser beam to have a uniform irradiance distribution across its diameter. Refractive and reflective systems for reshaping a laser beam profile have been proposed and discussed for many years. One of the refractive systems consisting of two plano-aspherical lenses operates with high efficiency. Recently, a prototype of this two aspherical lens reshaping system has been made from CaF2. The performance of the prototype is presented in this paper. The optical design and analysis of this system also are discussed.

关键词： Laser beams

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optical design for the Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrument Stimulator (ASSIST)

Optical design for the Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrume...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Hallibert, Pascal Arsenault, Robin Delabre, Bernard Esposito, Simone Hubin, Norbert Quirrenbach, Andreas Riccardi, Armando Stroebele, Stefan Stuik, Remko Vink, Ramon Leiden Observ POB 9513 NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands ESO DE-85748 Garching Germany Osserv Astrofis Arcetri I-50125 Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

A comprehensive suite of Adaptive Optics systems and AO-assisted instruments is currently under development for the VLT and will be built around a hyperbolic convex adaptive Deformable Secondary Mirror (DSM). In telescopes with such a secondary mirror, test and calibration of both the DSM and the science instruments using it are notoriously expensive and time-consuming. The Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrument Stimulator (ASSIST) is being developed to allow test and integration of three key elements of the future VILT Adaptive Telescope Facility: the DSM and 2 instrument-specific adaptive optics systems (GALACSI for MUSE and GRAAL for HAWK-I). The core of ASSIST is a standalone interferometric test setup for the DSM allowing its test at its center of curvature (significantly reducing the size of the classical hyperbole focii test configuration). This setup is completed by a star simulator for both natural and laser guide stars, a turbulence generator (for realistic AO performance measurements), a corrector system generating a VLT-like exit pupil and a Nasmyth rotator simulator interfacing with the two AO systems. In this paper we present the optical architecture of ASSIST, detailing the current design of the different parts of the system, and discuss its projected performance and compliance with the test and calibration requirements.

关键词： Adaptive Optics Deformable Secondary Mirror ASSIST Test Bench Pupil Imaging Turbulence Generator VLT Adaptive Optics Facility GALACSI GRAAL MUSE HAWK-I

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Manufacturing of Freeform Mirror by Milling and Altering its optical Characteristics by Ns-laser Polishing and ALD Coatings 15

Manufacturing of Freeform Mirror by Milling and Altering its...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Mutanen, Jarkko Kaakkunen, Jarno J. J. Tuovinen, Hemmo Hiltunen, Jouni Kivi, Sini Toiviainen, Maunu Vayrynen, Juha Laukkanen, Janne Prokofiev, Victor Paakkonen, Pertti Juuti, Mikko Kuittinen, Markku Monkkonen, Kari Univ Eastern Finland Inst Photon POB 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland BVTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Consolidat & Laser Technol FI-53851 Lappeenranta Finland CVTT Tech Res Ctr Finland FI-70211 Kuopio Finland Karelia Univ Appl Sci Centre Business & Engn FI-80200 Joensuu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

In this study we tested ns-laser and an atomic layer deposition (ALD) for polishing and coating CNC-machined aluminum freeform mirrors that are used in a compact multipoint fiber optical probe. Two types of ALD coatings, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide were tested. The surface roughness of mirrors was analyzed prior to and after nanosecond-laser polishing and coating them on a Beneq TFS 200 ALD device. The freeform aluminum mirrors with and without coatings were then measured with optical profiler. The results show that improvement in the surface roughness can be seen with ns-laser polished and ALD coated aluminum surfaces.

关键词： Diamond turning ns-laser polishing atomic layer deposition freeform optics

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Research on properties of an infrared imaging diffractive element 15

Research on properties of an infrared imaging diffractive el...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Rachon, M. Wegrzynska, K. Doch, M. Kolodziejczyk, A. Siemion, A. Suszek, J. Kakarenko, K. Sypek, M. Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Phys PL-00662 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Novel thermovision imaging systems having high efficiency require very sophisticated optical components. This paper describes the diffractive optical elements which are designed for the wavelengths between 8 and 14 mu m for the application in the FLIR cameras. In the current paper the authors present phase only diffractive elements manufactured in the etched gallium arsenide. Due to the simplicity of the manufacturing process only binary phase elements were designed and manufactured. Such solution exhibits huge chromatic aberration. Moreover, the performance of such elements is rather poor, which is caused by two factors. The first one is the limited diffraction efficiency (c.a. 40%) of binary phase structures. The second problem lies in the Fresnel losses coming from the reflection from the two surfaces (around 50%). Performance of this structures is limited and the imaging contrast is poor. However, such structures can be used for relatively cheap practical testing of the new ideas. For example this solution is sufficient for point spread function (PSF) measurements. Different diffractive elements were compared. The first one was the equivalent of the lens designed on the basis of the paraxial approximation. For the second designing process, the non-paraxial approach was used. It was due to the fact that f/# was equal to 1. For the non-paraxial designing the focal spot is smaller and better focused. Moreover, binary phase structures suffer from huge chromatic aberrations. Finally, it is presented that non-paraxially designed optical element imaging with extended depth of focus (light-sword) can suppress chromatic aberration and therefore it creates the image not only in the image plane.

关键词： infrared diffractive optics extended depth of focus Light Sword optical Element

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design of ophthalmic contact lens using Q-type aspheres with reduced error budget for high visual acuity 25

Design of ophthalmic contact lens using Q-type aspheres with...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXV

作者： Peng, Wei-Jei Lee, Tsung-Xian Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Grad Inst Appl Sci & Technol 43Sec 4Keelung Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Grad Inst Color & Illuminat Technol 43Sec 4Keelung Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679221;9781510679238

This paper investigates the design of an ophthalmic rigid contact lens (CL) that has a Q-type aspheric surface to reduce the tolerance error budget and produce higher visual acuity. CLs for myopia correction are typically made with spherical surfaces;when such CLs are worn in darkness, the visual acuity degrades severely due to the spherical aberration generated by pupil dilation. To maximize visual acuity, an aspheric CL is essential because it can correct the spherical aberration. In this study, a CL is designed based on a schematic eye model for evaluating the modulation transfer function (MTF) on the retina, and the result shows that the visual acuity produced by an aspheric CL is superior to that produced by a spherical CL. The traditional power-series polynomial is commonly used for aspheric surface design, but the aspheric slope cannot be controlled during optimization. The large slope departure from a best-fit sphere leads to high tolerance sensitivity and an inflection point;however, the CL does not permit such results. To solve this problem, the Q-type polynomial with slope constraint proposed by Forbes is applied to the aspheric CL in this study. The Q-type aspheric polynomial can not only enhance the optimization efficiency due to its orthogonal characteristics, but also reduce error budget for maximal manufacturing yield. The simulation results demonstrated that the spherical aberration is successfully reduced by the Q-type aspheric CL for better visual acuity in darkness.

关键词： Rigid contact lens Q-type asphere power-series asphere myopia correction spherical aberration schematic eye model

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