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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Ortiz, Fernando E. Durbano, James P. Sharkawy, Ahmed S. Shi, Shouyuan Curt, Petersen F. EM Photon 51 E Main StSuite 203 Newark DE 19711 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

optical lenses and systems have historically been of interest to the design and simulation community due to their extensive use in a variety of applications, including telecommunications and imaging. To simulate these systems, it is often possible to take advantage of symmetry or apply physical approximations, such as ray tracing and/or beam propagation, in order to avoid a rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations. However, in cases where these techniques are not applicable, such as when feature sizes become comparable to the wavelength of interest, full-wave electromagnetic simulations are required. Unfortunately, the time constraints and simulation sizes associated with many designs render this analysis infeasible or impractical, a problem that is aggravated by iterative design flows. Hence, a numerical platform capable of handling such computationally intense problems is necessary. In this paper, we present a hardware-based, full-wave simulation platform and demonstrate the advantages of hardware acceleration for the simulation of optical applications. Specifically, we will present a diffractive optical element (DOE) lens simulation, comparing results with previously published analytic and experimental data. We then modify the basic lens arrangement to produce an optical beam splitter. Because such a device cannot be analytically described using symmetry, this example will demonstrate the unique advantages of powerful hardware solvers for the analysis of DOE applications. Finally, we discuss how hardware-based solvers are critical for iterative designs by means of a 1-to-3 beam splitter example. This simulation system represents a new era in optical engineering, enabling the design of next-generation devices today.

关键词： optics lens DOE splitter design hardware simulation FDTD FPGA acceleration

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Plane development of lateral surfaces for inspection systems

Plane development of lateral surfaces for inspection systems

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Francini, F. Fontani, D. Jafrancesco, D. Mercatelli, L. Sansoni, P. Ist Nazl Ott Appl L Go E Fermi 6 I-50125 Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

The problem of developing the lateral surfaces of a 3D object can arise in item inspection using automated imaging systems. In an industrial environment, these control systems typically work at high rate and they have to assure a reliable inspection of the single item. For compactness requirements it is not convenient to utilise three or four CCD cameras to control all the lateral surfaces of an object. Moreover it is impossible to mount optical components near the object if it is placed on a conveyor belt. The paper presents a system that integrates on a single CCD picture the images of both the frontal surface and the lateral surface of an object. It consists of a freeform, lens mounted in front of a CCD camera with a commercial lens. The aim is to have a good magnification of the lateral surface, maintaining a low aberration level for exploiting the pictures in an image processing software. The freeform lens, made in plastics, redirects the light coming from the object to the camera lens. The final result is to obtain on the CCD: - the frontal and lateral surface images, with a selected magnification (even with two different values for the two images);- a gap between these two images, so an automatic method to analyse the images can be easily applied. A simple method to design the freeform lens is illustrated. The procedure also allows to obtain the imaging system modifying a current inspection system reducing the cost.

关键词： optical design freeform optics industrial control optical component

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Low profile optic design for mobile camera using dual freeform reflective lenses

Low profile optic design for mobile camera using dual freefo...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Jeong, Ho-Seop Yoo, Ho-Sik Lee, Sang-Hyuk Oh, Hae-Ran Samsung Elect Mech Cent R&D Inst Opt Lab Suwon 443743 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Aspherical glass or plastic lenses are usually adapted in the camera module of handheld phone. Recently, slimmer cameras are required according to reducing thickness of handheld phone. In this paper, we present an ultra slim camera module using multiple freeform off-axis imaging lenses. New optical concept of multiple lens system introduces the planar optics with freeform. shaped aspherical lens surface on the wafer, which can achieve the thickness of 50% compared to the conventional symmetric lens system. In order to achieve the resolution specification, we separate the field of view in camera module. As the result, two inverted images are produced on a same imaging sensor and the acquired inverted images are processed by photo stitching algorithm so as to combine them. Finally, in order to verify the new imaging system, we manufacture the new slim lens through the LJV embossing replication process. We found the new imaging system is feasible for VGA resolution and it can be expandable to the high resolution system.

关键词： freeform. surface planar integrated optics photo stitching wafer scale lens UV embossing

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Looking for order in the optical design landscape

Looking for order in the optical design landscape

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Bociort, Florian van Turnhout, Maarten Delft Univ Technol Opt Res Grp Lorentzweg 1 NL-2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

In present-day optical system design, it is tacitly assumed that local minima are points in the merit function landscape without relationships between them. We will show however that there is a certain degree of order in the design landscape and that this order is best observed when we change the dimensionality of the optimization problem and when we consider not only local minima, but saddle points as well. We have developed earlier a computational method for detecting saddle points numerically, and a method, then applicable only in a special case, for constructing saddle points by adding lenses to systems that are local minima. The saddle point construction method will be generalized here and we Will show how, by performing a succession of one-dimensional calculations, many local minima of a given global search can be systematically obtained from the set of local minima corresponding to systems with fewer lenses. As a simple example, the results of the Cooke triplet global search will be analyzed. In this case, the vast majority of the saddle points found by our saddle point detection software can in fact be obtained in a much simpler way by saddle point construction, starting from doublet local minima.

关键词： saddle point optimization optical system design lithography

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Cemented doublet field compressor/corrector: a new optical component of general utility - art. no. 628802

Cemented doublet field compressor/corrector: a new optical c...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Schaack, David F. Designs Syst Albuquerque NM 87112 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Field correcting lenses have been used to increase the fields of view of large telescopes since at least Ross's work in 1935. In recent years, due to the advent of electronic image sensors, there has been movement toward combining field correction with focal length reduction in so-called field compressor/corrector or telecompressor lenses. Such lenses are now commonly employed in both professional and amateur astronomy. This paper demonstrates that field compressor/corrector lenses can be of great utility in a wider context -- the design of optical instruments. In the finite conjugate and relay applications prevalent in optical instrument design, standard achromats are often employed because there is currently no better alternative short of custom lenses. I show that there exists a particularly attractive family of cemented doublet compressor/correctors that can be combined with standard achromats to greatly improve the imaging performance obtainable in these applications. I propose that these field compressing/correcting doublets should be made available from stock as standard optical components. I introduce a novel viewpoint for analyzing the imaging capability of a lens that makes it simple to visualize the performance obtainable with a lens when it is employed over a wide range of fields and focal ratios. Using the new viewpoint, I demonstrate the performance improvement obtainable when employing the new compressor/correctors. I also show that the new lenses are flexible, that is, that one may obtain their advantages while employing them with a range of achromats or over a range of focal lengths, and that the alignment tolerances between the achromat and the field compressor/corrector are modest.

关键词： field corrector field compressor focal reducer stock lens catalog lens cemented doublet image quality

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An optimized design of a scanning confocal probe

An optimized design of a scanning confocal probe

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Qiu, Z. R. Qin, J. Zhang, H. W. Zhang, G. X. Lu, Stephen C. Tianjin Univ State Key Lab Precis Measuring Technol & Instrume Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Univ Southern Calif Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Basing on the principle of dynamic active confocal measuring method, a non-contact probe was introduced. The relation between the displacement of the object measured and the displacement of the oscillating unit was established by applying to the measure principle. To find the effect way to improve the output signal, a mathematical modal of the photoelectric signal was proposed. According to the mathematical modal, the diameter of the pinhole was decided and the optical path was adjusted, which improved the performance of the probe. It valuable to emphasize that the double lens oscillating unit was the crucial parts of the mechanical and optical structure. The tuning fork stimulating, inductive coils and the pinhole and photodiode adjuster device were designed according to the theoretical analysis, which were more convenient to the measure task. The stability of the oscillating unit was tested;and the optical and mechanical performance of the probe was validated by experiments using gage blocks combining with a micro-motion measuring mount model. The cost of a micro-displacement testing sensor was saved in designing of this kind of probe. A more accurate signal processing method was discussed in this paper.

关键词： dynamic active confocal mathematical modal structure stability

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The high contrast performance of an optical vortex coronagraph

The high contrast performance of an optical vortex coronagra...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Palacios, David M. Swartzander, G. A., Jr. CALTECH Jet Prop Lab 4800 Oak Grove Dr Pasadena CA 91109 USA Univ Arizona Sch Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

The goal of the Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission is to detect and characterize Earth-Re planets. Detection of these faint objects, which appear very close to their parent stars, requires a coronagraph capable of achieving better than 100 starlight suppression within a few Airy rings of the stellar image. The coronagraph is also required to maintain this high stellar extinction over a 100nm spectral bandwidth. To ease requirements on the telescope, a high planet light throughput and low sensitivity to wave front aberrations are also desirable features. An optical vortex coronagraph is a promising candidate architecture, which makes use of a spiral phase plate placed in an intermediate image plane to null out the stellar signal. This architecture has the advantage of high stellar extinction, high planet light throughput, and low sensitivity to wave front aberrations. Here we report the high contrast performance of an optical vortex coronagraph limited by the manufacturability of the spiral phase plate.

关键词： coronagraphs terrestrial planets optical vortices

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Novel technique for measurement of centration errors of complex, completely mounted multi--element objective lenses

Novel technique for measurement of centration errors of comp...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Heinisch, J. Dumitrescu, E. Krey, S. Triopt GmbH Hafenstr 39 D-22880 Wedel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

The size and the focal length of camera objectives (e.g. cell phones or digital cameras) are becoming smaller and smaller. At the same time the quality requirements are increasing. Besides surface accuracy, the imaging quality of the complete optics is mainly influenced by the alignment errors of the single elements. TRIOPTICS has developed a new technology called Multilens((R)) in order to measure the centering errors of all single surfaces within an objective lens with up to 40 surfaces or more. We achieve accuracies in the range of an arc second. During the measurement the deviation of each center or curvature with respect to a reference axis is measured. These data are further processed in order to provide the shift and tilt of an individual lens or group of lenses in respect to a given reference axis (Patent pending Ref. 1). Applications mainly include the measurement of cell phone and digital camera lenses. However, any type of objective lens from endoscope up to very complex objective lenses used in microlithography can be measured with highest accuracy. The method has been extended to measure also the aspherical axis of lenses.

关键词： centering centration lens optical surface objective aspherical axis digital camera cell phone camera tilt shift

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optical design for the Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrument Stimulator (ASSIST)

Optical design for the Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrume...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Hallibert, Pascal Arsenault, Robin Delabre, Bernard Esposito, Simone Hubin, Norbert Quirrenbach, Andreas Riccardi, Armando Stroebele, Stefan Stuik, Remko Vink, Ramon Leiden Observ POB 9513 NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands ESO DE-85748 Garching Germany Osserv Astrofis Arcetri I-50125 Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

A comprehensive suite of Adaptive Optics systems and AO-assisted instruments is currently under development for the VLT and will be built around a hyperbolic convex adaptive Deformable Secondary Mirror (DSM). In telescopes with such a secondary mirror, test and calibration of both the DSM and the science instruments using it are notoriously expensive and time-consuming. The Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrument Stimulator (ASSIST) is being developed to allow test and integration of three key elements of the future VILT Adaptive Telescope Facility: the DSM and 2 instrument-specific adaptive optics systems (GALACSI for MUSE and GRAAL for HAWK-I). The core of ASSIST is a standalone interferometric test setup for the DSM allowing its test at its center of curvature (significantly reducing the size of the classical hyperbole focii test configuration). This setup is completed by a star simulator for both natural and laser guide stars, a turbulence generator (for realistic AO performance measurements), a corrector system generating a VLT-like exit pupil and a Nasmyth rotator simulator interfacing with the two AO systems. In this paper we present the optical architecture of ASSIST, detailing the current design of the different parts of the system, and discuss its projected performance and compliance with the test and calibration requirements.

关键词： Adaptive Optics Deformable Secondary Mirror ASSIST Test Bench Pupil Imaging Turbulence Generator VLT Adaptive Optics Facility GALACSI GRAAL MUSE HAWK-I

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Balancing detector effects with aberrations in the design of wide-field grazing incidence x-ray telescopes

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optical engineering 2006年第6期45卷 063003-1-063003页

作者： Harvey, James E. Atanassova, Martina Krywonos, Andrey Univ Cent Florida CREOL Orlando FL 32826 USA

Most imaging systems today include a mosaic detector array in the focal plane. optical designers of astronomical telescopes typically produce a design that yields a superb on-axis aerial image in the focal plane, and detector effects are included only in the analysis of the final system performance. Aplanatic optical designs (corrected for spherical aberration and coma) are widely considered to be superior to nonaplanatic designs. However, there is little merit in an aplanatic design for wide-field applications because one needs to optimize some field-weighted-average measure of resolution over the desired operational field of view (OFOV). Furthermore, when used with a mosaic detector array in the focal plane, detector effects eliminate the advantage of the aplanatic design even at small field angles. For wide fields of view, the focal plane is frequently despaced to balance field curvature with defocus thus obtaining better overall performance. We will demonstrate that including detector effects in the optical design process results in a different optimal (nonaplanatic) design for each OFOV that is even superior to an optimally despaced aplanatic design. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.

关键词： detector effects wide-field imaging systems grazing incidence x-ray telescopes

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