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Multi-aperture microoptical system for close-up imaging 15

Multi-aperture microoptical system for close-up imaging

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Berlich, Rene Brueckner, Andreas Leitel, Robert Oberdoerster, Alexander Wippermann, Frank Braeuer, Andreas Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Modern applications in biomedical imaging, machine vision and security engineering require close-up optical systems with high resolution. Combined with the need for miniaturization and fast image acquisition of extended object fields, the design and fabrication of respective devices is extremely challenging. Standard commercial imaging solutions rely on bulky setups or depend on scanning techniques in order to meet the stringent requirements. Recently, our group has proposed a novel, multi-aperture approach based on parallel image transfer in order to overcome these constraints. It exploits state of the art microoptical manufacturing techniques on wafer level in order to create a compact, cost-effective system with a large field of view. However, initial prototypes have so far been subject to various limitations regarding their manufacturing, reliability and applicability. In this work, we demonstrate the optical design and fabrication of an advanced system, which overcomes these restrictions. In particular, a revised optical design facilitates a more efficient and economical fabrication process and inherently improves system reliability. An additional customized front side illumination module provides homogeneous white light illumination over the entire field of view while maintaining a high degree of compactness. Moreover, the complete imaging assembly is mounted on a positioning system. In combination with an extended working range, this allows for adjustment of the system's focus location. The final optical design is capable of capturing an object field of 36x24 mm(2) with a resolution of 150 cycles/mm. Finally, we present experimental results of the respective prototype that demonstrate its enhanced capabilities.

关键词： Multi-aperture imaging microoptics multi-channel optical design image sensors

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Improving efficiency of beam splitter for DVD pickup

Improving efficiency of beam splitter for DVD pickup

引用

conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering V

作者： Chen, WJ Chen, CH Shieh, HPD Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819454613

The majority of the beam splitters for three beam tracking in commercial DVD pickup employ lamellar phase gratings, which already provides sufficient efficiency. However, for a pickup with all diffractive elements, the power budget becomes more critical, and a higher efficiency of the beam splitter is required. In this paper, we have investigated and will present the influence of the desired energy ratio between the zeroth order central beam to the first order side beam on the total efficiency of the beam splitter. The simulation based on scalar diffraction theory shows that the total efficiency of a lamellar phase grating will drop as the ratio decrease, which can be improved by employing a more sophisticated surface relief. The equal-side triangular profile has been investigated as a solution and the geometrical size of the profile has been optimized for several desired energy ratio. For a low cost fabrication process with photolithography, the total efficiency loss due to quantization with different quantization levels of the triangular surface relief has been estimated with scalar diffraction theory. This paper is concluded with a table of optimal phase level for a given energy ratio and desired minimum total efficiency with the consideration of fabrication cost.

关键词： DVD pickup beam splitter diffractive optical element

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design of a thermal imaging diagnostic using 90-degree, off-axis parabolic mirrors

Design of a thermal imaging diagnostic using 90-degree, off-...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering vii

作者： Malone, Robert M. Becker, Steven A. Dolan, Daniel H. Hacking, Richard G. Hickman, Randy J. Kaufman, Morris I. Stevens, Gerald D. Turley, William D. NSTec Los Alamos Operat 182 East Gate Dr Los Alamos NM 87544 USA NSTec North Las Vegas Operat Las Vegas NV 89193 USA Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA NSTec Special Technol Lab Santa Barbara CA 93111 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Thermal imaging is an important, though challenging, diagnostic for shockwave experiments. Shock-compressed materials undergo transient temperature changes that cannot be recorded with standard (greater than ins response time) infrared detectors. A farther complication arises when optical elements near the experiment are destroyed. We have designed a thermal-imaging system for studying shock temperatures produced inside a gas gun at Sandia National Laboratories. Inexpensive, diamond-turned, parabolic mirrors relay an image of the shocked target to the exterior of the gas gun chamber through a sapphire vacuum port. The 3000-5000-nm portion of this image is directed to an infrared camera which acquires a snapshot of the target with a minimum exposure time of 150 us. A special mask is inserted at the last intermediate image plane, to provide dynamic thermal background recording during the event. Other wavelength bands of this image are split into high-speed detectors operating at 900-1700 nm and at 1700-3000 nm, for time-resolved pyrometry measurements. This system incorporates 90-degree, off-axis parabolic mirrors, which can collect low f/# light over a broad spectral range, for high-speed imaging. Matched mirror pairs must be used so that aberrations cancel. To eliminate image plane tilt, proper tip-to-tip orientation of the parabolic mirrors is required. If one parabolic mirror is rotated 180 degrees about the optical axis connecting the pair of parabolic mirrors, the resulting image is tilted by 60 degrees. Different focal-length mirrors cannot be used to magnify the image without substantially sacrificing image quality. This paper analyzes performance and aberrations of this imaging diagnostic.

关键词： mid-IR imaging off-axis parabolic mirrors gas gun imaging IR camera pyrometry

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optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI-NG)

Optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmosphe...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Luitot, Clement Boyadjian, Joel Buil, Christian Pasternak, Frederick Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales 18 Ave Edouard Belin F-31401 Toulouse France Astrium SAS F-31402 Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) working in the [3.6 mu m, 15.5 mu m] range, dedicated to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), atmospheric chemistry and climate monitoring. The second flight model (2 out of 3) is now in orbit and operational, as a payload of the MetOp-B satellite. A new generation of instrument (IASI-NG) to continue the IASI mission with increased performances is currently investigated by the French Space Agency (CNES). The performance objective is mainly a spectral resolution and a radiometric error divided by two compared with the IASI ones. Many different concepts of FTS were studied to try to fulfill these challenging requirements. This paper presents the different envisaged optical architecture and associated trade off. The major issue of the concept is to manage the so-called self-apodization of the interferogram and the associated degradation of the spectral resolution induced by the wider Field of View (FoV) and the longer optical Path Difference (OPD). Increasing these two quantities have very constraining consequences on the optical architecture. Another critical point is the control of straylight which is quite severe and which has been taken into account early in the optical design. To assess the performances of the interferometer, different optical models were built combining analytical approach with ray tracing technics. We will describe the impacts of the demanding spectral requirements on the optical components and our analyses based on these models will be presented.

关键词： FTS Interferometer IASI IASI-NG self-apodization straylight

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A simple focal-length measurement technique for adaptive microlenses using Z-scan

A simple focal-length measurement technique for adaptive mic...

引用

conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering V

作者： Abdelaziez, Y Banerjee, P Univ Dayton ECE Dept Dayton OH 45469 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454613

A simple technique for focal length measurements of adaptive micro-lenses using z-scan is reported. Focal length is one of the most important parameters of any lens. The effective focal length is measured with reference to the principal points that are not easy to find especially for micro-lenses. In addition, variable focal length microlenses pose a different challenge that makes the process of determining their exact focal length a tedious and difficult process. Classical methods such as nodal slide and magnification have been used for focal length determination. Also, advanced Interference techniques such as Talbot, Moire, Digital Speckle, Zygo and Joint Fourier Transform were used for focal length measurements. These techniques require more elaborate setups and difficult to implement, especially for microlenses. Recently a power meter was used to find the focal length of an unknown lens. Most of the techniques mentioned above proof to be not simple for microlens characterization. The z-scan technique has been implemented, for quite sometimes, to characterize the third-order effects of a nonlinear optical material. The z-scan provides information on both the sign and magnitude of the non-linear refractive index and offer advantage of simplicity. We have used a regular lens to collimate and focus light unto the lens under test. By scanning the lens under test and measuring the on-axis intensity, one can find the focal length. This is because the on-axis intensity is proportional to the phase of the lens and therefore the focal length. In the case of an adaptive lens with its focal length is a function of the applied voltage, the scanning occurs for each voltage value that will correspond to the on-axis refractive index change and therefore the far field on-axis intensity. This described technique above is easy to implement and can achieve good accuracy due to the inherent sensitivity of the z-scan.

关键词： focal length z-scan PLZT adaptive micro-lens

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optical model of optical volume diffusion plate - BSDF measurement of polycarbonate plate doped with silicon dioxide micro particle 16

Optical model of optical volume diffusion plate - BSDF measu...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Lin, Che-Chu Yu, Yeh-Wei Chen, Yu-Heng Le, Ming Sun, Ching-Cherng Chen, Jong-Wu Cheng, Chih-Yuan Natl Cent Univ Dept Opt & Photon Chungli 320 Taiwan Plast Ind Dev Ctr Taichung 407 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

High-efficiency diffusers play important roles in modern optical industry. The applications include back-light of television, uniform lighting, glare suppression, lighting decoration, and so on. In this paper, we develop optical volume diffusion plate using polycarbonate (PC) plate doped with silicon dioxide (SiO2) micro particle. The scattering distribution of diffusers is an important factor in the lighting design. Commercial detectors often measure the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) by a scanning and time-consuming method. We have proposed screen imaging synthesis (SIS) system in 2012, and it can easily measure the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF). In this paper, the optimized formula is presented to correct the vignetting effect and scattering effect caused by the screen. A quasi-Lambertian screen is made to enhance precision. Finally, we combine the SIS system with the rotation controller, and a semi-automatic measuring machine is built. The SIS generation can measure BSDF of the samples precisely and easily. In order to reduce glare problems and design a luminaire with uniform light distribution, we usually use diffusers to modulate the luminaire

关键词： BSDF BTDF BRDF Image reconstruction techniques

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Using effective medium theories to design tailored nanocomposite materials for optical systems 19

Using effective medium theories to design tailored nanocompo...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Werdehausen, Daniel Staude, Isabelle Burger, Sven Petschulat, Joerg Scharf, Toralf Pertsch, Thomas Decker, Manuel Carl Zeiss Corp Res & Technol Carl Zeiss Promenade 10 D-07745 Jena Germany Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Abbe Ctr Photon Inst Appl Phys Albert Einstein Str 15 D-07745 Jena Germany Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Nanophoton & Metrol Lab CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland JCMwave GmbH Bolivaralle 22 D-14050 Berlin Germany Zuse Inst Berlin Takustr 7 D-14195 Berlin Germany Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH Semicond Mask Solut Carl Zeiss Promenade 10 D-07745 Jena Germany Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn Albert Einstein Str 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

Modern optical systems are subject to very restrictive performance, size and cost requirements. Especially in portable systems size often is the most important factor, which necessitates elaborate designs to achieve the desired specifications. However, current designs already operate very close to the physical limits and further progress is difficult to achieve by changing only the complexity of the design. Another way of improving the performance is to tailor the optical properties of materials specifically to the application at hand. A class of novel, customizable materials that enables the tailoring of the optical properties, and promises to overcome many of the intrinsic disadvantages of polymers, are nanocomposites. However, despite considerable past research efforts, these types of materials are largely underutilized in optical systems. To shed light into this issue we, in this paper, discuss how nanocomposites can be modeled using effective medium theories. In the second part, we then investigate the fundamental requirements that have to be fulfilled to make nanocomposites suitable for optical applications, and show that it is indeed possible to fabricate such a material using existing methods. Furthermore, we show how nanocomposites can be used to tailor the refractive index and dispersion properties towards specific applications.

关键词： Nanocomposites Nanomaterials optical materials optical design optical Systems Dispersion engineering Effective medium theory Mie theory

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design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index lenses for high-performance eyepieces

Design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Corsetti, James A. Visconti, Anthony J. Fang, Kejia McCarthy, Peter Schmidt, Greg R. Moore, Duncan T. Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

High-performance eyepiece designs have been carried out using both spherical and radial gradient-index (GRIN) elements. Eyepiece designs of both geometries are shown to offer superior imaging performance with fewer elements when compared to purely homogeneous systems. These GRIN lenses are formed from monomer diffusion between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PSTY) during the polymerization process, resulting in a copolymer of the two homogeneous materials. A process for fabricating spherical GRIN elements is discussed where copolymer axial GRIN blanks are thermally compressed using spherical surface molds. This process curves the nominally-straight isoindicial surfaces of the axial GRIN rod to be consistent with the shape found during optimization of the design. Once compressed, the spherical blanks are diamond-turned for final surface figure and finish. Measurement of the GRIN profile is carried out using the Schmidt immersion technique in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Tolerances specific to GRIN elements are identified and determined to be readily achievable using the aforementioned manufacturing process.

关键词： Gradient-index spherical gradient-index polymer optics optical design eyepiece methyl methacrylate styrene

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Contact lens design with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres for myopia correction 18

Contact lens design with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres f...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XviiI

作者： Peng, Wei-Jei Cheng, Yuan-Chieh Hsu, Wei-Yao Yu, Zong-Ru Ho, Cheng-Fang Abou-El-Hossein, Khaled Natl Appl Res Labs Instrument Technol Res Ctr Taiwan 20R&D Rd 6Hsinchu Sci Pk Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ Precis Engn Lab ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

The design of the rigid contact lens (CL) with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres for myopia correction is presented in this paper. The spherical CL is the most common type for myopia correction, however the spherical aberration (SA) caused from the pupil dilation in dark leads to the degradation of visual acuity which cannot be corrected by spherical surface. The spherical and aspheric CLs are designed respectively based on Liou's schematic eye model, and the criterion is the modulation transfer function (MTF) at the frequency of 100 line pair per mm, which corresponds to the normal vision of one arc-minute. After optimization, the MTF of the aspheric design is superior to that of the spherical design, because the aspheric surface corrects the SA for improving the visual acuity in dark. For avoiding the scratch caused from the contact profilometer, the aspheric surface is designed to match the measurability of the interferometer. The Q-type aspheric surface is employed to constrain the root-mean-square (rms) slope of the departure from a best-fit sphere directly, because the fringe density is limited by the interferometer. The maximum sag departure from a best-fit sphere is also controlled according to the measurability of the aspheric stitching interferometer (ASI). The inflection point is removed during optimization for measurability and appearance. In this study, the aspheric CL is successfully designed with Q-type aspheres for the measurability of the interferometer. It not only corrects the myopia but also eliminates the SA for improving the visual acuity in dark based on the schematic eye model.

关键词： aspheric contact lens Q-type aspheres myopia spherical aberration schematic eye model visual acuity best-fit sphere

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Novel CNC polishing process for control of form and texture on aspheric surfaces

Novel CNC polishing process for control of form and texture ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering III

作者： Walker, DD Beaucamp, ATH Brooks, D Freeman, R King, A McCavana, G Morten, R Riley, D Simms, J UCL Dept Phys & Astron Opt Sci Lab London WC1E 6BT England

ISBN: (纸本)0819445347

We first consider the potential impact of a technology that could deliver polished, accurate aspheric surfaces in a routine and automated manner. We then summarise the technical challenge, and present an appraisal of the performance of the novel 'Precessions' process, which is a major advance in this direction. We outline the design concepts behind the productionized CNC polishing machines which executes the process, and then describe the progress developing strategies to preserve form when polishing ground surfaces, and to correct form on both pre-ground and polished surfaces. Particular consideration is given to resolving the inherent difficulties of control of centres on rotationally-symmetric parts. We then report on experimental results achieved with the machines. Finally, we present our programme to extend the control-algorithms to handle fully free-form surfaces, and draw conclusions about the effectiveness and generality of the 'Precessions' technique.

关键词： Polishing Surface finishing Aspheric lenses Process control Raster graphics Spherical lenses Mirrors Astronomy optical instrument design Polishing equipment

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