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Manufacturing of Freeform Mirror by Milling and Altering its optical Characteristics by Ns-laser Polishing and ALD Coatings 15

Manufacturing of Freeform Mirror by Milling and Altering its...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Mutanen, Jarkko Kaakkunen, Jarno J. J. Tuovinen, Hemmo Hiltunen, Jouni Kivi, Sini Toiviainen, Maunu Vayrynen, Juha Laukkanen, Janne Prokofiev, Victor Paakkonen, Pertti Juuti, Mikko Kuittinen, Markku Monkkonen, Kari Univ Eastern Finland Inst Photon POB 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland BVTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Consolidat & Laser Technol FI-53851 Lappeenranta Finland CVTT Tech Res Ctr Finland FI-70211 Kuopio Finland Karelia Univ Appl Sci Centre Business & Engn FI-80200 Joensuu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

In this study we tested ns-laser and an atomic layer deposition (ALD) for polishing and coating CNC-machined aluminum freeform mirrors that are used in a compact multipoint fiber optical probe. Two types of ALD coatings, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide were tested. The surface roughness of mirrors was analyzed prior to and after nanosecond-laser polishing and coating them on a Beneq TFS 200 ALD device. The freeform aluminum mirrors with and without coatings were then measured with optical profiler. The results show that improvement in the surface roughness can be seen with ns-laser polished and ALD coated aluminum surfaces.

关键词： Diamond turning ns-laser polishing atomic layer deposition freeform optics

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Research on properties of an infrared imaging diffractive element 15

Research on properties of an infrared imaging diffractive el...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Rachon, M. Wegrzynska, K. Doch, M. Kolodziejczyk, A. Siemion, A. Suszek, J. Kakarenko, K. Sypek, M. Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Phys PL-00662 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Novel thermovision imaging systems having high efficiency require very sophisticated optical components. This paper describes the diffractive optical elements which are designed for the wavelengths between 8 and 14 mu m for the application in the FLIR cameras. In the current paper the authors present phase only diffractive elements manufactured in the etched gallium arsenide. Due to the simplicity of the manufacturing process only binary phase elements were designed and manufactured. Such solution exhibits huge chromatic aberration. Moreover, the performance of such elements is rather poor, which is caused by two factors. The first one is the limited diffraction efficiency (c.a. 40%) of binary phase structures. The second problem lies in the Fresnel losses coming from the reflection from the two surfaces (around 50%). Performance of this structures is limited and the imaging contrast is poor. However, such structures can be used for relatively cheap practical testing of the new ideas. For example this solution is sufficient for point spread function (PSF) measurements. Different diffractive elements were compared. The first one was the equivalent of the lens designed on the basis of the paraxial approximation. For the second designing process, the non-paraxial approach was used. It was due to the fact that f/# was equal to 1. For the non-paraxial designing the focal spot is smaller and better focused. Moreover, binary phase structures suffer from huge chromatic aberrations. Finally, it is presented that non-paraxially designed optical element imaging with extended depth of focus (light-sword) can suppress chromatic aberration and therefore it creates the image not only in the image plane.

关键词： infrared diffractive optics extended depth of focus Light Sword optical Element

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design of ophthalmic contact lens using Q-type aspheres with reduced error budget for high visual acuity 25

Design of ophthalmic contact lens using Q-type aspheres with...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXV

作者： Peng, Wei-Jei Lee, Tsung-Xian Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Grad Inst Appl Sci & Technol 43Sec 4Keelung Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Grad Inst Color & Illuminat Technol 43Sec 4Keelung Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679221;9781510679238

This paper investigates the design of an ophthalmic rigid contact lens (CL) that has a Q-type aspheric surface to reduce the tolerance error budget and produce higher visual acuity. CLs for myopia correction are typically made with spherical surfaces;when such CLs are worn in darkness, the visual acuity degrades severely due to the spherical aberration generated by pupil dilation. To maximize visual acuity, an aspheric CL is essential because it can correct the spherical aberration. In this study, a CL is designed based on a schematic eye model for evaluating the modulation transfer function (MTF) on the retina, and the result shows that the visual acuity produced by an aspheric CL is superior to that produced by a spherical CL. The traditional power-series polynomial is commonly used for aspheric surface design, but the aspheric slope cannot be controlled during optimization. The large slope departure from a best-fit sphere leads to high tolerance sensitivity and an inflection point;however, the CL does not permit such results. To solve this problem, the Q-type polynomial with slope constraint proposed by Forbes is applied to the aspheric CL in this study. The Q-type aspheric polynomial can not only enhance the optimization efficiency due to its orthogonal characteristics, but also reduce error budget for maximal manufacturing yield. The simulation results demonstrated that the spherical aberration is successfully reduced by the Q-type aspheric CL for better visual acuity in darkness.

关键词： Rigid contact lens Q-type asphere power-series asphere myopia correction spherical aberration schematic eye model

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optical modeling of bullet-shaped LED for use in self-luminous traffic signs 18

Optical modeling of bullet-shaped LED for use in self-lumino...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XviiI

作者： Lee, Ted L. Chen, Yi-Chun Tsai, Ming-Siou Sun, Ching-Cherng Natl Cent Univ Dept Opt & Photon 300 Zhongda Rd Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

Bullet-shaped LEDs are commonly used in self-luminous traffic signs as LED-dotted matrices due to their low cost, simplicity, robustness, and ease of installation. We proposed a simple low-cost method that creates a model suitable for the high manufacturing tolerance found in bullet-shaped LEDs. The method starts from measuring multiple one-dimensional angular intensity patterns at interested distances from multiple LEDs to form a database, including distances at 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 50, and 100 mm. Their normalized cross-correlations are then calculated to find the batch that has the most similarity and base our model off that batch. Finally, we validate the model via Monte Carlo simulations in comparison to the original one-dimensional angular intensity patterns in the database. The platform demonstrated to obtain an average of 99% in normalized cross correlation between different batches of the same model LED, and a model of that LED is currently under development.

关键词： LED modeling midfield bullet packaging dome package traffic signs

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Optics for binocular telescopes.

Optics for binocular telescopes.

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Rayces, JL Rosete-Aguilar, M J L Rayces Consuting Ltd Laguna Niguel CA 92677 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

Low power telescopes such as those used in pairs in binoculars do not have a reticle at the intermediate, real, image plane. Therefore there is no need to correct aberrations of the intermediate images as it is in pointing devices. Generally, in order to keep the telescope simple and short the Petzval sum is not corrected. In most cases the solution is to introduce astigmatism in the eyepiece. If it is permissible to use the accommodation of the eye as a degree of freedom then it is possible to remove the astigmatism over the entire field of view and yet to obtain ever better imagery. The final virtual anastigmatic images presented to the eye by the telescope are formed on a curved surface convex towards the observer's eye. The eye will be focused at a close distance for axial images and relaxed for the extreme off-axis images. Then the telescope is to be designed for different conjugate positions at different field angles. Furthermore the telescope is to be designed for different exit pupil locations at different field angles in order to minimize vignetting when the exit pupil is not sufficiently large, designing for different conjugate and pupil position at different field angles is almost always possible with most optical design codes using multiple configuration mode.

关键词： optical design telescopes binoculars eyepieces

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Optomechanical design of the incubator Wide Field of View Imaging Spectrometer

Optomechanical design of the incubator Wide Field of View Im...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Haring, RE Vanstone, G Nguyen, F Rodil, C Orbital Sci Corp Pomona CA 91767 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

The optomechanical design of the Wide Field of View Imaging Spectrometer (WFIS) is presented. Developed under NASA's Instrument Incubator Program, the Incubator WFIS is a hyperspectral-imaging spectrometer covering a 120 degrees x .015 degrees field of view over a 360 nm to 1000 nm spectral range. The Incubator's mission is to demonstrate, via night aboard NASA's DC-8 Research Aircraft, new technology for earth science. The Incubator WFIS is designed specifically for observing the earth and earth's atmosphere for chemistry and aerosol studies. The optomechanical design couples an off-axis F/3 Schwarzschild telescope to a three element Offner Spectrometer using two unique anamorphic/aspheric field elements. The complete sensor, including a CCD detector and electronics, occupies a volume of approximately cubic shape measuring 25 cm on an edge. An off-axis optical system such as the incubator WFIS requires a multidisciplinary design approach. This paper emphasizes the importance that systems approach plays in optomechanical design. This is typified by the trades performed to establish the optimum design alternative for the optical metering structure to achieve the 0.010 nm wavelength stability (with a 0.005 nn goal) needed for the science mission.

关键词： hyperspectral imaging remote sensing

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Thermo-elastic wavefront and polarization error analysis of a telecommunication optical circulator

Thermo-elastic wavefront and polarization error analysis of ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Doyle, KB Bell, MM Opt Res Associates Westborough MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

Loss in optical fiber coupling efficiency and transmission are computed for a telecommunication optical circulator. optical performance degradation is due to thermally induced optical errors in the two beam splitter cubes. The computation of the optical errors is discussed for two materials and the effects illustrated. Bulk, volumetric absorption of the incident laser radiation from the input optical fiber and surface absorption via the coatings on the beam splitter interface generate temperature gradients. Loss in optical fiber coupling efficiency is produced by wavefront error caused by thermal expansion effects, and refractive index changes with temperature and stress. Transmission loss in the optical circulator is caused by polarization errors generated by the effects of stress birefringence. The optical errors were computed using temperatures generated from a Thermal Desktop model and displacements and stresses generated by a MSC/Nastran finite element model. The optical errors were imposed upon a Code V optical model to compute loss in fiber coupling efficiency and transmission in the optical circulator.

关键词： beam splitter cubes wavefront error fiber coupling efficiency optical circulator stress birefringence thermo-elastic analysis

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Increasing the phased field of view of large distributed aperture telescope arrays

Increasing the phased field of view of large distributed ape...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Sigler, RD Palmer, AL Lockheed Martin Space and Strategic Missiles (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

There are some unique optical design considerations in the design of a distributed aperture telescope array consisting of a number of individual afocal collector telescopes and a single combining telescope. As might be expected, diffraction limited imagery over the field of view requires the correction of spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and field curvature. However, there is an additional requirement on the design of the collectors. Coherent addition of the light from the collectors requires that the ratio of the sine of the input and output chief ray angles be essentially constant over the field of view. This output angle restriction is equivalent to requiring the collector telescopes to have a specific variation in angular magnification with field. Variation of magnification with field is, by definition, image distortion. With simple two and three mirror afocal collector telescope designs, there are insufficient design degrees of freedom to control distortion in addition to the other aberrations. In this paper, we present a modification to a three-mirror collector design that permits the image distortion to be adjusted in a controlled manner without influencing the other third order, Seidel aberrations. This modification permits a large distributed aperture telescope array to be designed that has both a simple optical form and a much larger phased (i.e. corrected) Field of view. As a design example, we investigate the effect of the distortion correcting element on the size of the achievable field of view for a 45 meter diameter distributed aperture telescope array populated with 8 meter diameter collectors.

关键词： lens design distributed aperture telescope aberration theory distortion

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design of coded structured light based on square-shaped primitives 19

Design of coded structured light based on square-shaped prim...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Lau, Chi-Chung Sun, Ching-Chern Yang, Tsung-Hsun Yu, Yeh-Wei Chou, Si-Min Ind Technol Res Inst Green Energy & Environm Res Labs Bldg 24195Sec 4Chung Hsin Rd Hsinchu 31057 Taiwan Natl Cent Univ Dept Opt & Photon Kwoh Ting Opt & Photon Bldg300 Jhongda Rd Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

This paper presents a new pattern design for encoding structured light for scanning 3D surface and the decoding process. The basic unit of the pattern is a code-block that contains one central label and eight square-shaped primitives that provide two functions: code-block indexing and point-positions for triangulating. The square-shaped primitive has one notch in a different position to represent 8 digit numbers, which are easily to convert label to number for indexing code-block. One primitive also contributes five point-positions, centroid and four extreme, for triangulating and estimating 3D information. The design of code-block has eight 8-bit numbers allowing a higher error-tolerant and providing better resolution in 3D reconstruction. Experiment shows that the proposed pattern is suitable for indoor mapping and large scene scanning.

关键词： coded structured light primitives 3-D data acquisition computer vision

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Optimizing trefoil phase plates design for color wavefront coding 19

Optimizing trefoil phase plates design for color wavefront c...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Olvera-Angeles, Miguel Padilla-Vivanco, Alfonso Ortega, Karina Sasian, Jose Schwiegerling, Jim Arines, Justo Acosta, Eva Univ Politecn Tulancingo Hidalgo 43629 Mexico Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Santiago de Compostela Fac Fis Santiago De Compostela 15782 Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

Wavefront coding refers to the use of a phase modulating element in conjunction with deconvolution to extend the depth of focus of an imaging system. The coding element is an asymmetrical phase plate shape, for most applications in the form of a trefoil or a cubic polynomial. Phase plates with trefoil shape generate not only the desired amount of trefoil aberration but also spherical aberration. It has been recently shown that a wavefront coding based optical system shows high tolerance to spherical aberration for monochromatic images;however, the depth of focus is considerably shortened for color images. In this work, we will show how to modify the shape of a phase plate in order to optimize its performance for color imaging. The design parameters of the phase plate are obtained by minimizing a merit function by means of genetic algorithms developed for this purpose. The evaluation of the optical characteristics of the phase plates for a feedback with the optimization algorithm is obtained by Zemax. Results will be illustrated by numerical simulations of color images.

关键词： Wavefront coding spherical aberration color imaging optimization genetic algorithms

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