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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering VIII"

共 468 条记录，以下是291-300 订阅

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Modeling of polychromatic MTF losses due to secondary effects in diffractive lenses

Modeling of polychromatic MTF losses due to secondary effect...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： Thorpe, Michael D. Jonas, Reginald P. Szapiel, Stanislaw ELCAN Opt Technol 450 Leitz Rd Midland ON L4R 5B8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Although hybrid (i.e. refractive-diffractive) surfaces are in common use in optical design there are several phenomena which affect design MTF that are not routinely modeled in current commercial versions of optical desig,n software. Typically the details of the diffractive structure are not taken into account and rays are traced through the hybrid surface employing a vector grating equation which uses the phase gradient associated with the diffractive definition to calculate a local grating spacing and orientation and from this grating information a 'diffracted ray' angle. This geometrical-optics based procedure has limitations;(I)it considers only the design diffraction order, (2)it does not take into account the sub-aperturing effect whereby color correction is reduced along, with zone count, and (3) the model used does not generate an exact blaze profile. In this paper we discuss progress in application of diffraction-based beam propagation tools in combination with a physical definition of the diffractive structure to more accurately model these secondary effects on design MTF. Results are given for some simple lenses and also the effects to be expected for a more complex zoom lens.

关键词： lens design lenses

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Focal splitting and optical vortex structure induced by stress birefringence

Focal splitting and optical vortex structure induced by stre...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： Spilman, Alexis K. Beckley, Amber M. Brown, Thomas G. Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

A variety of interesting polarization effects can be observed using a parallel-face window placed under symmetric stress of order m = 3 and illuminated with polarized light. Such windows, when placed under sufficient stress, can produce rings of alternating vortex and non-vortex fields. When light is brought to a focus, one component of circular polarization forms two nearly diffraction limited focal spots with axial separation larger than the usual depth of focus. We analyze and experimentally test these phenomena using interferometric methods as well as a Strehl ratio model and conclude by discussing applications to optical imaging.

关键词： polarization birefringence vortex beams

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Third-order aberration solution using aberration polynomials for a general zoom lens design

Third-order aberration solution using aberration polynomials...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： An, Hyun Kyoung Rayces, Juan L. Reardon, Patrick J. Univ Alabama Ctr Appl Opt Huntsville AL 35899 USA JL Rayces Consulting Tucson AZ 85718 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

A mathematical approach for the third order solution for a general zoom lens design is proposed. The design starts with a first-order layout. lens elements with the proper refracting power are placed at the proper distances to meet the physical constraints of the intended lens system. For the third-order design stage, a matrix notation called "Aberration Polynomial," which clarifies the linearity of the transformation from a normal thin group configuration to a general thin,group configuration by pupil shift and conjugate shift theory is implemented. The purpose of the method is correcting low-order aberrations during the preliminary design of zoom lenses. The goal is to mathematically reduce to zero the four aberration coefficients of the third-order (spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and distortion) rather than searching for a minimum by commercial design software. Once this theory is proven and accepted, it becomes possible to determine how many groups are needed for a particular optical system. The method of aberration polynomials establishes the number of groups needed to correct a given number of aberrations at a Given number of zoom positions. Furthermore, it provides the shape or bending of the elements, from where it will be possible to continue to optimize with standard methods.

关键词： Zoom lenses Monochromatic aberrations lens design Chemical elements Distortion Astatine Patents Geometrical optics Spherical lenses optical engineering

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Rear landscape on steroids

Rear landscape on steroids

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： Mouroulis, Pantazis Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91109

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Some all-spherical designs are presented that are variations of the positive-negative-positive triplet with the stop at the front. Examples include a compact wide angle (60° field of view) near-telecentric lens, as well as super-achromatic, telecentric lenses for the visible to infrared (450-1000nm or 450-2300 nm) and mid-wave and thermal infrared. This design form, loosely thought of as a boosted version of the rear landscape lens, has provided a useful optimization starting point for a variety of designs with different requirements.

关键词： optical systems

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Predictability and unpredictability in optical system optimization

Predictability and unpredictability in optical system optimi...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： van Turnhout, Maarten Bociort, Florian Delft Univ Technol Opt Res Grp Lorentzweg 1 NL-2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Local optimization algorithms, when they are optimized only for speed, have in certain situations an unpredictable behavior: starting points very close to each other lead after optimization to different minima. In these cases, the sets of points, which, when chosen as starting points for local optimization, lead to the same minimum (the so-called basins of attraction), have a fractal-like shape. Before it finally converges to a local minimum, optimization started in a fractal region first displays chaotic transients. The sensitivity to changes in the initial conditions that leads to fractal basin borders is caused by the discontinuous evolution path (i.e. the jumps) of local optimization algorithms such as the damped-least-squares method with insufficient damping. At the cost of some speed, the fractal character of the regions can be made to vanish, and the downward paths become more predictable. The borders of the basins depend on the implementation details of the local optimization algorithm, but the saddle points in the merit function landscape always remain on these borders.

关键词： optimization optical system design saddle points fractals basins of attraction

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Polarization vortices in optical design

Polarization vortices in optical design

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： Brown, Thomas G. Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

A pupil engineered with a polarization vortex can have a profound impact on certain classes of optical systems. This paper describes the recent history, ongoing activity, and applications of polarization vortices in optical system design, with special attention to the impact of a vortex filter placed in the pupil of an illumination system. Two systems of particular interest for these types of fields are confocal microscopy, in which a dark field imaging mode is accessible, and immersion lithography, in which azimuthal illumination is favored.

关键词： optical design

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Analysis of stray light in most complex situations

Analysis of stray light in most complex situations

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： Perrin, Jean-Claude J.C.P.C. - Le Buet Mellecey 71640 France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

To analyze ghost effects in optical systems including decentred coatings with thickness variations, polarized light and interactions with object and image planes is a difficult task. Thanks to a battery of tools especially developed in the last ten years and applied to many different situations, it is possible to do such jobs in a quick and elegant manner. As an example, we shall consider optical relay lenses used for photolithography. The object plane is the reticle;The image plane is the wafer.

关键词： optical systems

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Vision multiplexing: an optical engineering concept for low-vision aids

Vision multiplexing: an optical engineering concept for low-...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： Peli, Eli Harvard Univ Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol Schepens Eye Res Inst Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

The normal visual system provides a wide field of view apparently at high resolution. The wide field is continuously monitored at low resolution for navigation and detection of objects of interest. These objects are sampled using the high-resolution fovea, applying a temporal multiplexing scheme. Most vision impairments that cause low vision impact upon only one of the components;the peripheral low-resolution wide field or the central high-resolution fovea. The loss of one of these components prevents the interplay of central and peripheral vision needed for normal function and causes disability. Traditional low-vision aids improve the impacted component, but usually at a cost of a significant loss in the surviving component. For example, magnifying devices increase resolution but reduce the field of view, while minifying devices increase the field of view but reduce resolution. A general optical engineering approach - vision multiplexing - is presented. Vision multiplexing seeks to provide both the wide field of view and the high-resolution information in ways that could be accessed and interpreted by the visual system. The use of various optical and electro-optical methods in the development of a number of new visual aids, all of which apply vision multiplexing to restore the interplay of high-resolution and wide-angle vision using eye movements in a natural way, will be described. Vision-multiplexing devices at various stages of development and testing illustrate the successes and difficulties in applying this approach for patients with tunnel vision, hemianopia (half blindness), and visual acuity loss (usually due to central retinal disease).

关键词： bioptic telescope in-the-lens telescope IOL macular degeneration peripheral prisms retinitis pigmentosa

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Bi-centenary of successes of Fourier theorem: Its power and limitations in optical system designs

Bi-centenary of successes of Fourier theorem: Its power and ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

作者： Roychoudhuri, Chandrasekhar U Connecticut & Femto Macro Continuum Storrs Dept Phys Photon Lab Storrs CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

We celebrate the two hundred years of successful use of the Fourier theorem in optics. However, there is a great enigma associated with the Fourier transform integral. It is one of the most pervasively productive and useful tool of physics and optics because its foundation is based on the superposition of harmonic functions and yet we have never declared it as a principle of physics for valid reasons. And, yet there are a good number of situations where we pretend it to be equivalent to the superposition principle of physics, creating epistemological problems of enormous magnitude. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the problems while underscoring the successes and the elegance of the Fourier theorem, which are not explicitly discussed in the literature. We will make our point by taking six major engineering fields of optics and show in each case why it works and under what restricted conditions by bringing in the relevant physics principles. The fields are (i) optical signal processing, (ii) Fourier transform spectrometry, (iii) classical spectrometry of pulsed light, (iv) coherence theory, (v) laser mode locking and (vi) pulse broadening. We underscore that mathematical Fourier frequencies, not being physical frequencies, cannot generate real physical effects on our detectors. Appreciation of this fundamental issue will open up ways to be innovative in many new optical instrument designs. We underscore the importance of always validating our design platforms based on valid physics principles (actual processes undergoing in nature) captured by an appropriate hypothesis based on diverse observations. This paper is a comprehensive view of the power and limitations of Fourier Transform by summarizing a series of SPIE conference papers presented during 2003-2007.

关键词： Fourier transforms Spectroscopy Superposition Sensors Transform theory Physics Diffraction Time-frequency analysis Visibility

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Proceedings of SPIE: current developments in lens Desian and optical engineering viii

Proceedings of SPIE: Current Developments in Lens Desian and...

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering viii

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

The proceedings contain 24 papers. The topics discussed include;new generation of high-resolution panoramic lenses;design and analysis of diffractive astigmatic lens for DVD pickup;large-format telecentric lens;rear landscape on steroids;optical encoder based on a nondiffractive beam;practical guide to saddle-point construction in lens design;predictability and unpredictability in optical system optimization;third order aberration solution using aberration polynomials for a general zoom lens design;vision multiplexing: an optical engineering concept for low-vision aids;modeling of polychromatic MT losses due to secondary effects in diffractive lenses;scene-based sensor modeling using optical design software;spectral response evaluation and computation for pushbroom imaging spectrometers;polarization vortices in optical design;and focal splitting and optical vortex structure induced by stress birefringence.

关键词： optical instrument lenses

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