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Study of Camera Calibration Process with Ray Tracing 15

Study of Camera Calibration Process with Ray Tracing

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Poulin-Girard, A. -S. Dallaire, X. Veillette, A. Thibault, S. Laurendeau, D. Univ Laval Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt Ctr Opt Photon & Laser Quebec City PQ G1V 0A6 Canada Univ Laval Dept gen elect & gen informat Lab vision & syst numer Quebec City G1V 0A6 PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Camera calibration is essential for any optical system used to obtain 3D measurements from images. The precision of the 3D depth estimation relies on an appropriate camera model and the accurate estimation of model parameters. These parameters are sensitive to environmental conditions and it is well established that a vision system should be calibrated in operating conditions. This is not always possible since the calibration process is often tedious and time-consuming. Unfortunately, the use of poorly estimated calibration parameters for 3D reconstruction and measurements may lead to suboptimal performance of the system and inaccurate depth estimation. This paper presents a technique using an existing camera model and optical design software to perform calibration simulations. This virtual calibration technique allows for a study of the impact of environmental conditions on the calibration parameters. Using this procedure, it is also possible to predict the statistical behavior of the calibration parameters considering the chosen fabrication processes and tolerances. It can assist vision scientists in the choice of the optical system that best meets the requested precision of the 3D reconstruction. This technique could eventually be integrated in the lens design process to create more reliable optical systems that could be calibrated and used in a range of environmental conditions with a very small variation of their calibration parameters.

关键词： Camera calibration optical design software tolerancing lens design

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Freeform Optics design of Primary lens for Uniform Irradiance Distribution of Concentrator Photovoltaic System 20

Freeform Optics Design of Primary Lens for Uniform Irradianc...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XX

作者： Pham Thanh Tuan Duy, N. N. Vu Ngoc Hai Shin, Seoyong Myongji Univ Dept Informat & Commun Engn Gyeonggi Do 17058 South Korea Vietnam Acad Sci & Technol Inst Appl Mat Sci Ho Chi Minh City 70072 Vietnam Phenikaa Univ Elect & Elect Engn Hanoi 1000 Vietnam Duy Tan Univ Fac Nat Sci Danang 550000 Vietnam

ISBN: (数字)9781510629028

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629028

In this paper, a primary lens of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system is designed by using freeform optics. The designed lens is constructed based on a basic idea of a combination of Fresnel lens and freeform optics, in which the lens is divided into an array of sub-lenses, which are designed using the conservation of optical path length and the edge ray theorem to get uniform irradiance distribution over the receiver. In this design, every sub-lens is designed to guide the direct sunlight over the receiver with uniform irradiance so that the whole of the primary lens will converge uniformly the direct sunlight over the receiver. The structure of the lens is designed firstly by using Matlab program for every sublens. The Matlab data of the designed lens structure is then used to build the three-dimensional (3D) lens in LightTools (TM) software. The ray tracing technique in LightTools (TM) software is used to find out the optimum structure of the freeform lens. Furthermore, the simulation is performed to estimate the efficiency of the lens as a concentrator of a CPV system by using the light source with the sunlight spectrum. The designed lens can achieve high geometrical concentration ratio and uniform irradiance distribution over the receiver. The simulation results show that the lens can easily reach a high concentration ratio (494 times) with uniform irradiance distribution and good optical efficiency (86%).

关键词： Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) Primary lens Freeform optics Sub-lenses array Uniform irradiance distribution

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Measurement of lens focal length using multi-curvature analysis of Shack-Hartmann wavefront data

Measurement of lens focal length using multi-curvature analy...

引用

conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering V

作者： Neal, DR Copland, J Neal, DA Topa, DM Riera, P WaveFront Sci Inc Albuquerque NM 87123 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454613

The lens is one of the most commonly used optical elements. Yet it is sometimes difficult to make accurate effective focal length and pupil position measurements, especially for long focal length lenses. Many measurement methods rely on a mechanical measurement to determine the back focal length, or may require careful operator discrimination in determining the best focus position. Aberrations may confuse an automatic focal length measurement system. However, an accurate determination of the optical properties of a lens is often critical for building an accurate system model. We have developed a method for measurement of the focal length, pupil plane and collimation positions of positive lenses using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The SHWFS uses a micro-optic lens array to separate the incoming wavefront into a pattern of focal spots. The position of these focal spots is related to the local wavefront slope. Wavefront reconstruction allows the complete incident wavefront to be retrieved. A Zernike decomposition reconstructor is used to separate the effects of lens focal power from other aberrations. The lens under test is illuminated by a point source on a computer-controlled stage. The transmitted wavefront was recorded by the SHWFS while the source was translated over a few mm range. By analyzing the Zernike coefficient associated with defocus, we were able to extract the focal length, pupil plane and collimation positions using a least squares fitting procedure. This procedure was tested for a variety of lenses of varying focal lengths, from 10 to 1000 mm focal length, and showed excellent repeatability and accuracy. These measurements were compared to knife-edge, manufacturer's specification, and ray-tracing analysis for verification testing.

关键词： focal length wavefront sensor Shack-Hartmann Hartmann-Shack lens testing optical testing optical metrology lens testing focal length measurement lens power vergence

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Software for tolerance analysis of optical systems

Software for tolerance analysis of optical systems

引用

conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Schuhmann, R Adams, G LINOS Photonics GmbH (Germany) The Optical Software Co. (United Kingdom)

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

A new program for the tolerancing of optical designs is presented. This software was developed using a combination of theoretical understanding and practical experience. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis provides insight into the key parameters. Tolerance editors allow the user to define satisfactory tolerances in an interactive process involving parameter and defect variations;a key feature is the statistical prediction of system performance, which provides rapid feedback on the impact of any change. The production of a batch of optical systems under the current tolerances can be modelled in a Monte Carlo simulation;the resultant aberration variations are shown in multiple dynamic graphs.

关键词： Tolerancing Cameras Modulation transfer functions Monte Carlo methods Statistical analysis Error analysis Monochromatic aberrations Chromatic aberrations Image quality Software development

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Evaluation of retinal illumination in coaxial fundus camera 17

Evaluation of retinal illumination in coaxial fundus camera

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVII

作者： de Oliveira, Andre O. de Matos, Luciana de Castro Neto, Jarbas C. Opto Eletron SA 1071 Joaquim AR De Souza BR-13560330 Sao Carlos SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sao Carlos Inst Phys POB 369 BR-13560970 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

Retinal images are obtained by simultaneously illuminating and imaging the retina, which is achieved using a fundus camera. This device meets low light illumination of the fundus with high resolution and reflection free images. Although the current equipment presents a sophisticated solution, it is complex to align due to the high number of off-axis components. In this work, we substitute the complex illumination system by a ring of LEDs mounted coaxially to the imaging optical system, positioning it in the place of the holed mirror of the traditional optical design. We evaluated the impact of this substitution regarding to image quality (measured through the modulation transfer function) and illumination uniformity produced by this system on the retina. The results showed there is no change in image quality and no problem was detected concerning uniformity compared to the traditional equipment. Consequently, we avoided off-axis components, easing the alignment of the equipment without reducing both image quality and illumination uniformity.

关键词： Fundus camera retinal image ophthalmology illumination system optical system

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Multichannel-optical prism 23

Multichannel-optical prism

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXIII Part of SPIE Optics and Photonics conference

作者： Ryzhikov, Lev 136 Newtown Ave Unit 7 Norwalk CT 06851 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510654198;9781510654181

currently, many optical tests required simultaneous measurement values of various technological or metrological parameters. This demand primarily applies to pieces or parts of products that are under variable load during operation. These technological measurements primarily relate to production and metrological works. Examples include optical testing of deformations of parts (e.g., plates) under variable load, shifts of various components of high-precision equipment, and, of course, various metrological measurements of high-precision equipment, such as lithographic machines and different types of measuring and control devices. Simultaneous measurement of the same parameter in different parts of the product allows for to determination of the error (e.g., deformation or alignment error) in object position during operation. Observation and analysis of the position of specific points on the object allow one to judge deviations both in position and deformation of the measured surface. The proposed multichannel optical prism can simultaneously observe several points located on the different parts of the object, as well as monitor their movements and deformations in working conditions. This information allows you to determine the operating conditions of various structural elements during real operation. The multichannel prism should be built into the optical circuit of the measuring (metrological) device. The use of prisms of this type allows simultaneous observation of the movement (deformation) of various parts of the observed objects. Some examples of such kinds of optical devices with a build-in multichannel prism will be discussed below.

关键词： Prisms optical components Measurement devices Metrology Channel projecting optics optical alignment optical circuits optical testing Relays Sensors

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Research on Angle-selective Filters of Phosphor Color Wheel for LED Projectors

Research on Angle-selective Filters of Phosphor Color Wheel ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XI - and Advances in Thin Film Coatings VI

作者： Wei, Tzu-Chiao Kuo, Chien-Cheng Huang, June-Jei Lee, Cheng-Chung Natl Cent Univ Thin Film Technol Ctr Dept Opt & Photon Chungli 320 Taiwan Delta Elect Inc Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482822

We have designed and fabricated angle-selective filters to increase the luminous throughput of a blue light emitting diode (LED) and its associated color wheel. The emission direction was tailored to increase the light emission in the useful direction by using multilayer optical coating with alternating high and low refractive indices layers. The angle selective filters limit the luminance angle to less than an acceptance angle of 30 degrees for green and red on the phosphors color wheel. The filters increase the luminance efficiency by converging and recycling the light. The color performance of the phosphors color wheel was improved and gave an advantage of energy saving in the LED projector.

关键词： optical thin film angle selective filter phosphor color wheel Light Emitting Diode

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Near-infrared imaging equipment that detects small organic substances in thick foods 15

Near-infrared imaging equipment that detects small organic s...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Phetchalern, Souphaphone Tashima, Hiroto Ishii, Yuya Ishiyama, Takeshi Arai, Shinichi Fukuda, Mitsuo Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

We have developed near-infrared imaging equipment that can detect small organic substances in foodstuffs with thicknesses of more than 1 mm. The equipment is composed of a high output laser diode and a CMOS camera. The irradiated light power distribution was highly uniform with a maximum optical density of 1.3 W/cm(2). A 0.3-mm-diameter wooden stick covered with a 2-mm-thick layer of ham can easily be distinguished in the images. The bones in fish and in chicken wing sticks could also be distinguished. The thicknesses of the fish and the chicken wing sticks were approximately 30 mm and 20 mm, respectively. We eliminated the low spatial frequency components from the images to improve the image contrast.

关键词： near-IR imaging optical equipment food contaminant detection foreign substance spatial frequency filter

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optical design and tolerances of wide field imagers for astronomical survey

Optical design and tolerances of wide field imagers for astr...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering IV

作者： Thibault, S Lacoursière, J Doucet, M Wang, M Reecht, J INO St Foy PQ G1P 4S4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819450464

We present three designs and tolerances of wide-field imagers (30x30 arc-minutes or larger) for astronomical surveying. Two infrared cameras (CPAPIR and PANORAMIX II) were designed for the 0.8-2.4 mum band and a third one (WIRCAM) for the visible and near-infrared band extending from 410 nm to 950 nm. The cameras are installed on the telescopes of the Canada-France-Hawaii (Hawaii, USA) and Mont Megantic Observatories (Quebec, Canada). The three cameras are compact, use only spherical refractive components and have an internal pupil accessible for insertion of filtering components. A Lyot stop must be used in the infrared camera for background rejection. For PANORAMIX II, a set of filters is used at the internal pupil. Correction of the large off-axis aberrations generated by the telescopes, wide spectral coverage, material choices, cryogenic temperature and alignment were the main design challenges. Also, tolerancing was particularly critical for the infrared cameras because they are cryogenically cooled, thus forbidding adjustment of internal components. The cameras theoretical performances are presented in terms of point-spread function, encircled energy and distortion.

关键词： optical design wide field focal reducer broadband astronomical survey catadioptric

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The high contrast performance of an optical vortex coronagraph

The high contrast performance of an optical vortex coronagra...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Palacios, David M. Swartzander, G. A., Jr. CALTECH Jet Prop Lab 4800 Oak Grove Dr Pasadena CA 91109 USA Univ Arizona Sch Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

The goal of the Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission is to detect and characterize Earth-Re planets. Detection of these faint objects, which appear very close to their parent stars, requires a coronagraph capable of achieving better than 100 starlight suppression within a few Airy rings of the stellar image. The coronagraph is also required to maintain this high stellar extinction over a 100nm spectral bandwidth. To ease requirements on the telescope, a high planet light throughput and low sensitivity to wave front aberrations are also desirable features. An optical vortex coronagraph is a promising candidate architecture, which makes use of a spiral phase plate placed in an intermediate image plane to null out the stellar signal. This architecture has the advantage of high stellar extinction, high planet light throughput, and low sensitivity to wave front aberrations. Here we report the high contrast performance of an optical vortex coronagraph limited by the manufacturability of the spiral phase plate.

关键词： coronagraphs terrestrial planets optical vortices

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