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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering VIII"

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Fast robust non-sequential optical ray-tracing with implicit algebraic surfaces 16

Fast robust non-sequential optical ray-tracing with implicit...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Greynolds, Alan W. 10741 E Placita Metate Tucson AZ 85749 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

The fastest, most robust, general technique for non-sequentially ray-tracing a large class of imaging and non-imaging optical systems is by geometric modeling with algebraic (i.e. polynomial) implicit surfaces. The basic theory of these surfaces with special attention to optimizing their precise intersection with a ray (even at grazing incidence) is outlined for an admittedly limited software implementation. On a couple of "tame" examples, a 64-bit Windows 7 version is significantly faster than the fastest commercial design software (all multi-threaded). Non-sequential ray-surface interactions approaching 30M/sec are achieved on a 12-core 2.67 GHz Mac Pro desktop computer. For a more exotic example of a 6th degree Wood's horn beam dump (light trap), a 32-bit Windows single thread version traces rays nearly 4 times faster than the commercial ASAP software's implicit algebraic surface and over 13 times faster than its equivalent NURBS surface. However, implicit surfaces are foreign to most CAD systems and thus unfortunately, don't easily fit into a modern workflow.

关键词： Ray tracing software surface modeling

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design considerations for an unconventional infrared prism with a 90 degree ray deviation 16

Design considerations for an unconventional infrared prism w...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Akarca, Beyza Artan, Goktug Gencehan TUBITAK SAGE Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

In this study, the optical performance of a 90 degree prism working in the mid-wave infrared region with the purpose of carrying a beam of light from one optical system to another in an unconventional way is discussed. First, a group of mirrors is considered as a design alternative to lower the overall cost of the system. However, using mirrors greatly increases the diameter of the beam due to the rays coming from wide field of view angles. Another drawback of mirrors is that having separate mirrors requires precise alignment for the system to work at full performance which is difficult for the given application. However, these alignment issues are not valid for a single piece prism. Therefore, a single piece prism is the preferred option and has been taken into account in this study. Material selection is important, especially in the mid-wave infrared region where the index of refraction differs greatly from material to material. Silicon and Germanium are the materials preferred because of their high index of refraction and transmission characteristics. Aside from optical properties, these materials are also considered in terms of manufacturability. Also, options for the coatings to be applied to reflecting surfaces of the prism are discussed with regard to the transmission loss within the system. In order to have total internal reflection within a prism, coatings must be chosen carefully to handle transmission loss at the reflecting surfaces. All of the system parameters are examined using sequential and non-sequential modes of ZEMAX OpticStudio software.

关键词： 90 degree prism infrared prism optical design infrared prism

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Novel technique for measurement of centration errors of complex, completely mounted multi--element objective lenses

Novel technique for measurement of centration errors of comp...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Heinisch, J. Dumitrescu, E. Krey, S. Triopt GmbH Hafenstr 39 D-22880 Wedel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

The size and the focal length of camera objectives (e.g. cell phones or digital cameras) are becoming smaller and smaller. At the same time the quality requirements are increasing. Besides surface accuracy, the imaging quality of the complete optics is mainly influenced by the alignment errors of the single elements. TRIOPTICS has developed a new technology called Multilens((R)) in order to measure the centering errors of all single surfaces within an objective lens with up to 40 surfaces or more. We achieve accuracies in the range of an arc second. During the measurement the deviation of each center or curvature with respect to a reference axis is measured. These data are further processed in order to provide the shift and tilt of an individual lens or group of lenses in respect to a given reference axis (Patent pending Ref. 1). Applications mainly include the measurement of cell phone and digital camera lenses. However, any type of objective lens from endoscope up to very complex objective lenses used in microlithography can be measured with highest accuracy. The method has been extended to measure also the aspherical axis of lenses.

关键词： centering centration lens optical surface objective aspherical axis digital camera cell phone camera tilt shift

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Avoiding unstable regions in the design space of EUV mirror systems comprising high-order aspheric surfaces

Avoiding unstable regions in the design space of EUV mirror ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering V

作者： Marinescu, O Bociort, F Braat, J Delft Univ Technol Opt Res Grp NL-2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819454613

When Extreme Ultraviolet mirror systems having several high-order aspheric surfaces are optimized, the configurations often enter into highly unstable regions of the parameter space. Small changes of system parameters lead then to large changes in ray paths, and therefore optimization algorithms crash because certain assumptions upon which they are based become invalid. We describe a technique that keeps the configuration away from the unstable regions. The central component of our technique is a finite-aberration quantity, the so-called quasi-invariant, which has been originally introduced by H. A. Buchdahl. The quasi-invariant is computed for several rays in the system, and its average change per surface is determined for all surfaces. Small values of these average changes indicate stability. The stabilization technique consists of two steps: First, we obtain a stable initial configuration for subsequent optimization by choosing the system parameters such that the quasi-invariant change per surface is minimal. Then, if the average changes per surfaces of the quasi-invariant remain small during optimization, the configuration is kept in the safe region of the parameter space. This technique is applicable for arbitrary rotationally symmetric optical systems. Examples from the design of aspheric mirror systems for EUV lithography will be given.

关键词： mirror systems aspheres EUV lithography optimization relaxation

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design considerations for a compact infrared airborne imager to meet alignment and assembly requirements

Design considerations for a compact infrared airborne imager...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering III

作者： Spencer, HM DRS Sensor Syst Torrance CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819445347

Helicopter mounted optical systems require compact packaging, good image performance (approaching the diffraction-limit), and must survive and operate in a rugged shock and thermal environment. The always-present requirement for low weight in an airborne sensor is paramount when considering the optical configuration. In addition, the usual list of optical requirements which must be satisfied within narrow tolerances, including field-of-view, vignetting, boresight, stray light rejection, and transmittance drive the optical design. It must be determined early in the engineering process which internal optical alignment adjustment provisions must be included, which may be included, and which will have to be omitted, since adding alignment features often conflicts with the requirement for optical component stability during operation and of course adds weight. When the system is to be modular and mates with another optical system, a telescope designed by different contractor in this case, additional alignment requirements between the two systems must be specified and agreed upon. Final delivered cost is certainly critical and "touch labor" assembly time must be determined and controlled. A clear plan for the alignment and assembly steps must be devised before the optical design can even begin to ensure that an arrangement of optical components amenable to adjustment is reached. The optical specification document should be written contemporaneously with the alignment plan to insure compatibility. The optics decisions that led to the success of this project are described and the final optical design is presented. A description of some unique pupil alignment adjustments, never performed by us in the infrared, is described.

关键词： Imaging systems Telescopes Sensors optical alignment Scanners Infrared radiation Objectives optical design Tolerancing Infrared imaging

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The multichannel spectral device with transmitting analyzed optical signals by the optical fiber for the liquid propellant rocket engine diagnostics

The multichannel spectral device with transmitting analyzed ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Vaganov, Mikhail A. Moskaletz, Oleg D. St Petersburg State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat Dept Elect & Opt Commun St Petersburg 190000 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Recently spectroscopic methods of diagnostics of the liquid propellant rocket engines for prevention of emergencies become topical. Such diagnostics is based on tracking appearance of spectral lines of engine's constructional materials in spectrum of rocket plume radiation and glow dynamics of these lines. The multichannel optical spectral device considered in this paper makes the contactless spectrum analysis of optical radiations that allows to use this spectral device for diagnostics of the liquid propellant rocket engines. The novelty of this spectral device lies in application of the fiber-optical bundle and N parallel channels of the spectrum analysis [1]. Each channel contains the narrow-band optical filtration which has been set on the certain wave length. The fiber-optical bundle is used for transmitting analyzed optical radiation on a safe distance for the device from the rocket engine. This method of the contactless rocket engine diagnostics allows to except a direct contact of the spectral device with the field of rocket blast radiation and to eliminate negative influence of the engine on the spectral device, for example the acoustic impact.

关键词： Diagnostics of the rocket engines spectroscopic methods liquid propellant rocket engine spectrum of rocket plume radiation multichannel spectral device contactless spectrum analysis fiber-optical bundle narrow-band optical filter

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Development of Transmission and Receiving optical Antenna for Free Space Laser Communication 25

Development of Transmission and Receiving Optical Antenna fo...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXV

作者： Chen, Ching-Wei Chen, Liang-Tang Tsai, Tung-Hung Yang, Yi-Ling Huang, Ming-Tse Taiwan Space Agcy TASA 8F9 Prosper 1st RdHsinchu Sci Pk Hsinchu 300 Taiwan CALIN TECHNOL CO LTD 24 Jianguo Rd Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679221;9781510679238

A transmission and receiving optical antenna is built-in-house by TASA and Taiwan domestic optical company CALIN. A Cassegrain type telescope is designed and manufactured with primary aperture 80 mm. It could provide the transmitted and received gain about 104 dB, and the obscuration loss about -3.8 dB in the link channel for free space optical laser communication. It could also be integrated in the CubeSat or in the optical communication terminal for small satellite missions. The root-mean-square wave front error for the optical antenna is less than 100 nm. The optical aberrations introduced on-axis WFE loss is estimated about -0.72 dB in the link budget. An eyepiece is designed to locate near the focus of telescope to collimate the output beam with beam size about 3.3 similar to 4.7 mm for propagating 50 cm distance in the follow-up communication module system. With the strong supporting domestic electro-optical industry, it is expected to help a lot on the development of the Taiwan space technology.

关键词： optical antenna link budget optical communication Cassegrain telescope wave front error

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Wavefront analysis from its slope data 18

Wavefront analysis from its slope data

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering Xviii

作者： Mahajan, Virendra N. Acosta, Eva Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Santiago de Compostela Dept Fis Aplicada Area Opt Galicia Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

In the aberration analysis of a wavefront over a certain domain, the polynomials that are orthogonal over and represent balanced wave aberrations for this domain are used. For example, Zernike circle polynomials are used for the analysis of a circular wavefront. Similarly, the annular polynomials are used to analyze the annular wavefronts for systems with annular pupils, as in a rotationally symmetric two-mirror system, such as the Hubble space telescope. However, when the data available for analysis are the slopes of a wavefront, as, for example, in a Shack-Hartmann sensor, we can integrate the slope data to obtain the wavefront data, and then use the orthogonal polynomials to obtain the aberration coefficients. An alternative is to find vector functions that are orthogonal to the gradients of the wavefront polynomials, and obtain the aberration coefficients directly as the inner products of these functions with the slope data. In this paper, we show that an infinite number of vector functions can be obtained in this manner. We show further that the vector functions that are irrotational are unique and propagate minimum uncorrelated additive random noise from the slope data to the aberration coefficients.

关键词： Wavefront analysis wavefront slope data circular wavefront annular wavefront optical testing

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Diffractive optical element for an electrooptical interface based on Photonic Mixer Device (PMD)

Diffractive optical element for an electrooptical interface ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Tai, W Schwarte, R Buxbaum, B Univ Siegen Inst Nachrichtenverarbeitung D-5900 Siegen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

With the development of free space interconnection and optical computing different optics for these approaches have been designed, which are usually difficult to realize with conventional optical systems. The concept of an electrooptical interface based on the Photonic Mixer Device (PMD), which detects and mixes an optical signal simultaneously, has been proposed in previous publications. An array of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is driven by input signals from different channels. The optical signals are then transformed by a lens system and a diffractive optical element (DOE) to a PMD array for processing and multiplexing. In this paper the DOE to realize the optical transformation in the electrooptical interface is presented. The DOE is composed an array of small segments, which correspond to the VCSELs with a pitch of about 250 mum. The phase functions of the DOE are designed separately for each VCSEL to generate a shifted uniform distribution on the PMD-array. For compactness the segments on the edge work at a large diffraction angle, which leads to an equivalent quasiconstant phase gradient added to them and results in high frequency structure. Therefore, for simplification of the production of the DOE, a prism is combined with the DOE to generate the desired optical transformation. The optical transformation is investigated with the simulation tool ZEMAX. The simulation results show that the DOE with the designed phase function works well for the PMD based optical interface, and it is possible to realize a parallel multi-channel electrooptical interface for code division multiplex access (CDMA) communications.

关键词： diffractive optical element interconnection Photonic Mixer Device (PMD)

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Wide aperture (50 mm), compact and high-quality continuous focus tunable Gradient Refractive Index (GRIN) liquid crystal lenses 23

Wide aperture (50 mm), compact and high-quality continuous f...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXIII Part of SPIE Optics and Photonics conference

作者： Bhowmick, Amit K. Jamali, Afsoon Bryant, Douglas Pintz, Sandro Bos, Philip Kent State Univ Adv Mat & Liquid Crystal Inst Kent OH 44240 USA Real Labs Meta Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510654198;9781510654181

Continuous tunable lenses have significant prospect to replace conventional bulky fixed power lens system. However, light weight, fast response, large aperture (>1 cm) tunable lens system remained an active challenge in the field of adaptive optics. While many approaches have been reported so far, very few can be realized for practical application of optics that requires large aperture size tunable lenses. Gradient Refractive Index (GRIN) liquid crystal lenses are one of approach which gives good control over the continuous tunability, however, large aperture device suffers from very low switching speed. In this paper, without compromising the switching speed, we are reporting 5 cm aperture size GRIN liquid crystal based continuous tunable focus lens. Reported approach implements Fresnel lens like parabolic shaped segmented phase profile instead of continuous phase, which is obtained from segmented voltage distribution. The designed lens is flat, fast switching (<500 ms), thin (< 2 mm), light weight (< 10 gm), low voltage driven (< 5 V), also tunable continuously between positive to negative power. Such compact system with good optical quality scopes for potential application in eyeglasses to solve presbyopia, accomodation-convergence mismatch issue in emerging head mounted display technology, and many other imaging systems.

关键词： Liquid Crystal lens Accommodation-Convergence mismatch correction Tunable lens Adaptive focus

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