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Reflectivity of the Al-Cr stray-light-absorptive coating

Reflectivity of the Al-Cr stray-light-absorptive coating

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering III

作者： Anisimov, VP Anisimova, IA Moldosanov, KA Skrynnikov, AM Kashirin, VA Kyrgyz Acad Sci Inst Chem & Chem Technol Bishkek 720071 Kyrgyzstan

ISBN: (纸本)0819445347

Results of measurements of the total hemispherical reflectance (THR), emissivity c and solar radiation absorption factor alpha(s) of the Al-Cr stray-light-absorptive coating are reported. This coating was designed to reduce the stray sunlight background in aerospace instruments. Generally, this problem arises when a density of instruments installed on the satellite is high and it is difficult to avoid getting to instrument the light reflected by neighboring devices. The THR, epsilon and alpha(s) measurement results are presented for 10 wavelengths within a range from. 400 to 927 nm, and also at 121.6 nm, the most intensive line of the solar UV spectrum, which is able to create considerable contribution to the detector noise in space devices. The goal of present experiments was to test an idea that by providing the electron scattering in the coating skin layer, it is possible to reduce the THR. To have the samples with increased electron scattering intensity, the samples of the Al-Cr coating were manufactured. As in the Al-Cr alloy the d-band of chromium electrons is located in the vicinity of the Fermi energy of Al, in this alloy a considerable electron scattering takes place. Therefore, within the skin layer of such coating, the electrons excited by photons transfer their energies and momenta to the lattice and other electrons instead of releasing the secondary photons. Hence, the reflectivity of the Al-Cr coating might be reduced. The prepared samples and performed experiments confirmed this assumption. According to the measurement results, the chromium appears to be an acceptable additional admixture to provide a further reflectivity reduction in the previously studied promising Al-N coating.

关键词： stray light optical engineering stray-light-absorptive coating low reflectivity material

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Fundus Camera versus Smartphone Camera Attachment: Image Quality Analysis 20

Fundus Camera versus Smartphone Camera Attachment: Image Qua...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XX

作者： Barritt, Nicole Parthasarathy, Mohana Kuppuswamy Faruq, Ibrahim Zelek, John Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan Univ Waterloo Biomed Engn Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Sch Optometry & Vis Sci Theoret & Expt Epistemol Lab Waterloo ON Canada Costco Opt Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Phys Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Dept ECE Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781510629028

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629028

Fundus cameras are the current clinical standard for capturing retinal images, which are used to diagnose a variety of sight-threatening conditions. Traditional fundus cameras are not easily transported, making them unsuitable for field use. In addition, traditional fundus cameras are expensive. Due to this, a variety of technologies have been developed such as the D-EYE Digital Ophthalmoscope (D-EYE Srl, Padova, Italy) which is compatible with various cellphone cameras. This paper reports on the comparison of the image quality of the Nidek RS-330 OCT Retina Scan Duo (Nidek, Tokyo, Japan) and the D-EYE paired with an iPhone 6 (Apple, Cupertino, USA). Twenty-one participants were enrolled in the study of whom 14 underwent nonmydriatic and mydriatic imaging with the D-EYE and the Nidek. Seven participants underwent nonmydriatic imaging with the D-EYE and the Nidek. The images were co-registered and cropped so that the region of interest was equal in both the D-EYE and Nidek images, as the D-EYE had a smaller field of view. Using the Nidek image as the reference, objective full-reference image quality analysis was performed. Metrics such as structural similarity index and peak signal noise ratio were obtained. It was found that the image quality of the D-EYE is limited by the attached iPhone camera, and is lower when compared to the Nidek. Quantification of the differences between the D-EYE and Nidek allows for targeted development of smartphone camera attachments that can help to bridge the current gap in image quality.

关键词： Telemedicine image quality retina fundus images smartphone attachment lenses ophthalmology optometry

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Novel microfluidic devices for Raman spectroscopy and optical trapping 17

Novel microfluidic devices for Raman spectroscopy and optica...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVII

作者： Ottevaere, Heidi Liu, Qing de Coster, Diane Van Erps, Juergen Vervaeke, Michael Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Dept Appl Phys & Photon Brussels Photon Team Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

Traditionally, Raman spectroscopy is done in a specialized lab, with considerable requirements in terms of equipment, time and manual sampling of substances of interest. We present the modeling, the design and the fabrication process of a microfluidic device incorporation Raman spectroscopy, from which one enables confocal Raman measurements on-chip. The latter is fabricated using ultra precision diamond tooling and is tested in a proof-of-concept setup, by for example measuring Raman spectra of urea solutions with various concentrations. If one wants to analyze single cells instead of a sample solution, precautions need to be taken. Since Raman scattering is a weak process, the molecular fingerprint of flowing particles would be hard to measure. One method is to stably position the cell under test in the detection area during acquisition of the Raman scattering such that the acquisition time can be increased. Positioning of cells can be done through optical trapping and leads to an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and thus a more reliable cell identification. Like Raman spectroscopy, optical trapping can also be miniaturized. We present the modeling, design process and fabrication of a mass-manufacturable polymer microfluidic device for dual fiber optical trapping using two counterpropagating single-mode beams. We use a novel fabrication process that consists of a premilling step and ultraprecision diamond tooling for the manufacturing of the molds and double-sided hot embossing for replication, resulting in a robust microfluidic chip for optical trapping. In a proof-of-concept demonstration, we characterize the trapping capabilities of the hot embossed chip.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy optical trapping optics polymer microfluidic confocal detection diamond machining microstructure fabrication

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Projection lenses for high resolution ablation with excimer lasers:: high performance, wide field and high UV laser power

Projection lenses for high resolution ablation with excimer ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Schlichting, J Winkler, K Körner, L Schletterer, T Burghardt, B Kahlert, HJ JENOPT Laser Opt Syst GMBH Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

The productive and accurate ablation of microstructures demands the precise imaging of st mask pattern onto the substrate under work. The job can be done with high performance wide field lenses as a key component of ablation equipment. The image field has dimensions of 20 to 30 mm. Typical dimensions and accuracy of the microstructures are in the order of some microns. On the other hand, the working depth of focus (DOF) has to be in the order of some 10 microns to be successful on drilling through 20 to 50 mum substrates. All these features have to be reached under the conditions of high power laser UV light Some design principles for such systems are applied, such as optimum number of elements, minimum tolerance sensitivity, material restrictions for the lens elements as well as mechanical parts (mounting), restrictions of possible power densities on lens surfaces (including ghosts), matched quality for the manufactured system. The special applications require appropriate performance criteria for theoretical calculation and measurements, which allow to conclude the performance of the application. The base is wave front calculation and measurement (using Shack-Hartmann sensor) in UV. Derived criteria are calculated and compared with application results.

关键词： laser ablation excimer laser imaging high performance optics systems design

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Investigation of the optical and Structural Properties of WO₃ Thin Films with Different Sputtering Power Supplies

Investigation of the Optical and Structural Properties of WO...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Chen, Hsi-Chao Jan, Der-Jun Chen, Chien-Han Huang, Kuo-Ting Luo, Yu-Siang Chen, Jia-Min Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Grad Sch Optoelect Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The purpose of this research was to investigate the optical and structural properties of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films deposited with three different sputtering power supplies: direct current (DC), DC pulse and radio frequency (RF). These WO3 thin films were deposited on ITO glass and silicon substrate with different gas ratios of oxygen and argon (O-2/Ar ratio). WO3 thin film is the role of the electrochromic window was resulted from the advantages of large variation in optical density, high response efficiency, no toxicity and low cost. The experimental results showed that optical intensity increased with the increasing of O-2/Ar ratio and all films have the 950cm(-1) peak which the bonding of W+6=O in Raman spectra. Hence, the O-2/Ar ratio was changed from 0.4 to 0.8 to study the ability of coloring and bleaching for the three different power supplies. Anyways, the WO3 thin films had the best electrochromic property at the O-2/Ar ratio of 0.7, 0.6 and 0.6 for DC, DC pulse, and RF, respectively. The transmittances could be over 75% for all films at as-deposited and the deposition rates were between 0.8 and 0.1 angstrom s(-1). Simultaneously, the transmittance variations (Delta T) were 51%, 57% and 53% for DC, DC pulse, and RF power sources at wavelength of 550 nm, respectively. The coloration ability of WO3 thin film deposition with power supply of DC pulse was better than that of the DC and RF.

关键词： Tungsten oxide (WO3) direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering pulsed DC sputtering radio frequency (RF) sputtering Raman spectra

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Modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration compensated imaging system 16

Modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration c...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Belay, Gebirie Y. Ottevaere, Heidi Vervaeke, Michael Van Erps, Jurgen Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Engn Dept Appl Phys & Photon TONA Brussels Photon TeamB PHOT B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

Conventional multichannel imaging systems comprise of many optical channels having similar imaging properties, namely field-of-view (FOV) and angular resolution/magnification. We demonstrated that the different optical channels can be designed such that each optical channel captures a different FOV and angular resolution compared to its neighboring channels. We designed and experimentally demonstrated a three-channel multiresolution imaging system where the first optical channel has the narrowest FOV (7 degrees) and highest angular resolution (0.0096 degrees) and the third optical channel has the widest FOV (80 degrees) and lowest angular resolution (0.0780 degrees)(1). The second optical channel has intermediate properties. The performance of the demonstrated three-channel imaging system however was affected by chromatic aberrations as it was designed for a single wavelength of 587.6 nm. The first optical channel was largely influenced by longitudinal chromatic aberration while the third channel by lateral chromatic aberration. Therefore, we have replaced the aspherical refractive lenses by hybrid lenses, which contain diffractive structures on top of their refractive surfaces, in the three-channel multiresolution imaging system to reduce its chromatic aberrations. The performance of the three channels with hybrid lenses is compared with those of the corresponding channels without hybrid lenses. The longitudinal color aberration of the first optical channel has been reduced from 1.7 mm to 0.2 mm;whereas the lateral color aberration of the third optical channel has been reduced from 250 mu m to 14 mu m. In conclusion, the hybrid lenses have reduced the chromatic aberrations of the three channels and extended the operating spectral range of the imaging system in the visible wavelength range.

关键词： Multi-resolution imaging systems angular resolution multi-channel chromatic aberrations

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Baffling system for the Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of ROSETTA mission

Baffling system for the Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of ROSETTA m...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Brunello, P Peron, F Barbieri, C Fornasier, S IUAV Univ Dept Bldg Construct Venice Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

After the experience of GIOTTO fly-by to comet Halley in 1986, the European Space Agency planned to improve the scientific knowledge of these astronomical objects by means of an even more ambitious rendezvous mission with another comet (P/Wirtanen). This mission, named ROSETTA, will go on from 2003 to 2013, ending after the comet perihelion phase and including also the ny-by with two asteroids of the main belt (140 Siwa and 4979 Otawara). Scientific priority of the mission is the in situ investigation of the cometary nucleus, with the aim of better understanding the formation and the composition of planetesimals and their evolution over the last 4.5 billions of years. In this context, the Authors were involved in the design of the baffling for the Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of the imaging system (OSIRIS) carried on board of the spacecraft. Scientific requirements for the WAC are: a large field of view (FOV) of 12 degrees x 12 degrees with a resolution of 100 mu rad per pixel, UV response, and a contrast ratio of 10(-4) in order to detect gaseous and dusty features close to the nucleus of the comet. To achieve these performances, a fairly novel class of optical solutions employing off-axis sections of concentric mirrors was explored. Regarding baffling, the peculiar demand was the rejection of stray-light generated by the optics for sources within the FOV, since the optical entrance aperture is located at the level of the secondary mirror (instead of the primary as usual). This paper describes the baffle design and analyzes its performances, calculated by numerical simulation with ray tracing methods, at different angles of incidence of the Light, for sources both outside and inside the field of view.

关键词： baffling system optical design stray-light analysis

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Optimum design of a lightweight mirror using aluminum foam or honeycomb sandwich construction - A case study for the GLAS telescope

Optimum design of a lightweight mirror using aluminum foam o...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Conkey, SB Lee, C Chaykovsky, S Content, D Morell, A Budinoff, J Swales Aerosp Inc Beltsville MD 20705 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

A simple closed form solution was derived for the optimum weight design of a cylindrical sandwich mirror for a given self-weight deflection and mirror radius. This optimum solution is based on the generalized deflection equation for an axisymmetrically supported thick circular plate. This two parameter equation of deflection captures the deflection of the plate caused by bending and transverse shear. The solution yields the optimum facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density. The derived optimum solution was used in a case study for the GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) primary mirror. This Beryllium mirror is manufactured with an open back isogrid pattern. The objective of this study is to determine a lightweight mirror design using Aluminum sandwich construction that can meet the performances of the current mirror and reduce fabrication costs. With the optimum solution several first order approximations using Aluminum honeycomb or foam core were determined. The performance, 1 g deflection, and wave front error of these designs was determined from Finite Element Analysis. The results conclude that sandwich construction outperforms the isogrid design by significant margins on both weight and distortion if the same material is used. Because of its superior specific stiffness the Beryllium isogrid design still marginally outperforms the optimum Aluminum sandwich design. However, the Aluminum sandwich design should provide significant advantages on cost and ease of fabrication over Beryllium isogrid designs.

关键词： aluminum foam lightweight sandwich panel mirror optimization

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Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visualization system

Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visuali...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Cheng, Kai Narita, Kazuyuki Morita, Yusuke Nakamachi, Eiji Honda, Norihiro Awazu, Kunio Doshisha Univ Dept Med Engn 1-3 Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 6100394 Japan Osaka Univ Ctr Adv Med Engn & Informat Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The technique of subcutaneous veins imaging by using NIR (Near Infrared Radiation) is widely used in medical applications, such as the intravenous injection and the blood sampling. In the previous study, an automatic 3D blood vessel search and automatic blood sampling system was newly developed. In order to validate this NIR imaging system, we adopted the subcutaneous vein in the human arm and its artificial phantom, which imitate the human fat and blood vessel. The human skin and subcutaneous vein is characterized as the uncertainty object, which has the individual specificity, non-accurate depth information, non-steady state and hardly to be fixed in the examination apparatus. On the other hand, the conventional phantom was quite distinct from the human's characteristics, such as the non-multilayer structure, disagreement of optical property. In this study, we develop a multilayer phantom, which is quite similar with human skin, for improvement of NIR detection system evaluation. The phantom consists of three layers, such as the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer. In subcutaneous fat layer, we built a blood vessel. We use the intralipid to imitate the optical scattering characteristics of human skin, and the hemoglobin and melanin for the optical absorption characteristics. In this study, we did two subjects. First, we decide the fabrication process of the phantom. Second, we compared newly developed phantoms with human skin by using our NIR detecting system, and confirm the availability of these phantoms.

关键词： NIR Vessel Visualization Phantom optical Property Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Fat Intralipid Melanin Hemoglobin

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Improving the optical and electrical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide films by various post-annealing treatments

Improving the optical and electrical properties of fluorine-...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XI - and Advances in Thin Film Coatings VI

作者： Chen, Pin-Jen Liao, Bo-Huei Kuo, Chien-Cheng Lee, Cheng-Chung Natl Cent Univ Thin Film Technol Ctr Dept Opt & Photon Chungli 320 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482822

Transparent conducting Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering from cost saving metal targets. We observed lower resistivity and higher average transmittance in the visible range after the application of various post heating treatments. The electrical and optical properties of FTO films were investigated. When the annealing temperature is 400 degrees C in air, the average transmittance is 79.79% with the lowest resistivity of 1.38x10(-3) Omega-cm, carrier density of 2.27x10(20) cm(-3) and mobility of 20 cm(2)/V-s. When the annealing temperature is 400 degrees Cin a H-2 5%+N-2 95% atmosphere, the average transmittance is 79.75 % with the lowest resistivity of 1.26x10(-3) Omega-cm, carrier density of 2.17x10(20) cm(-3) and mobility of 22.8 cm(2)/V-s. When the annealing temperature is 350 degrees Cin vacuum, the average transmittance is 80.48% with the lowest resistivity of 1.23x10(-3) Omega-cm, carrier density of 4.40x10(20) cm(-3) and mobility of 11.6 cm(2)/V-s.

关键词： Pulse DC magnetron sputtering CF4 FTO TCO Post-annealing

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